Marquez, Joanne
Period 3
What is the relationship between birthday and family income and how well does mathematical statistics translate into real life scenarios?
The world's population, as of November 2013, is calculated at 7,191,807,376. The global birth rate is estimated at 20.05 births for every 1,000 person. The global death rate totals to approximately 8.67 deaths for every 1,000 person. Certain factors play into the role of an individual's potential birth, assuming that no abnormalities occur and there is the standard nine month period from conception to birth. Parents that have certain professions, as a teacher, for example, may time their child's birth to summer months for convenience. The birthday paradox is a known equation that calculates the probability of, out of a given group of people, two people having been born in the same month and date. The task of this investigation is to extend the study of the birthday paradox, factoring in their family income. The type of data that will be collected is the individual's birthday, excluding the year, and family income. The sample group will be selected from a random group including those of similar age group to my own (students from the school). By including only those that are in my age group, I am eliminating further variables. Major difference in conception years may cause the data to skew. Data will be viewed in the form of a scatter plot to observe whether a correlation is present in the information. Furthermore, I will be comparing the statistics in real life situations with the data gathered and those that are generated through mathematical means, as will be proven later.
The Birthday Paradox
The Birthday Paradox investigates the probability that, in a group of X p...
... middle of paper ...
...ch as an individual's culture and race also have an effect on the child's birthday. Because this was not properly taken into consideration and was not registered as a probable factor, skewed data may not be accounted for.
Conclusion
Despite the aforementioned limitations, this investigation showed that there is no visible correlation between a family's income range and a child's birthday, despite my original hypothesis. Furthermore, the investigation clearly shows that mathematical calculations are applicable in real life situations, and can be used to answer such questions as the birthday paradox. Chart 3, for example, can be further tested in a real situation, gather 50 individuals and testing for similar birthday. From the mathematical results, it can be assumed that finding in the real life situations will be similar to that of the staged mathematical situation.
For example, the more notable difference would be the amount spent on children’s education—in comparing with the same family type as mine, the family with a full-time minimum wage pays $47.89/month for their children’s education while the family with a median income pays $400/month, both at a public school. Whereas, my family type spent a more significantly amount due to the fact that both children are enrolled in a private school. This shows that family’s earning more than the median, are more likely to have their children go to a private education. Moreover, a similarity I found across all family types were the main expenses where money would be primarily dedicated to—specifically, housing, food, utilities, clothing, and having a mobile device and internet. For transportation, I noticed that the majority of family types had OPUS cards—with the exception of individuals on social assistance and full-time minimum wage having bicycles—and the family types of four with a median income, or twice the median income (including my own family type), owned up to two vehicles. This illustrates the difference in terms of costs being distributed for this category as OPUS cards cost about a tenth of what all the expenses would be in owning a car. What’s more, the amount of money set aside for “other” expenses were highly variable across the different family types, with some who could not afford to put any amount at all—such as, the single mother with 2 children on social assistance and on a full-time minimum wage—to a family of two parents and two teenage children making twice the median income who could spend $1431.54/month. Ultimately, I have learnt that for many people, despite having a minimum wage, it is very difficult for an individual to live (and survive) with
largely determined by geography it is inconsistent scientifically. By studying these findings we are able to see the patterns and affects of race on a socio-political scale and perhaps see the motive behind its implementation and construction.
For social sciences majors, reading this book can provide a look at exactly what biases there are in the field we are hoping to enter, and what mistakes are commonly made. It provides a long list of examples of ways in which numbers can be messed up, and is a good warning to those of us wanting to be social scientists.
The Birthday Paradox theory was discovered to hold to it’s truth 66.7% of the time, meaning that this theory is based off of some presence of logic and is most likely bound to occur. However, since the paradox did not occur in all three group experiments, it is untrue. Looking further into research documents of other experimentations on the paradox, which were found to be true, it was decided that something had to contribute to this theory taking place more often than not. Although “The Birthday Paradox” is claimed to be an concurrence of events with no given connection, it seems that there has to be some form of connection which would pertain to why the people in each random group were in the same random location at the same
In today’s world what mostly limits children’s opportunities lies on their parents income. According to 2011 research study by Stanford sociologist Sean Reardon, the test score gap between the children of the poor and the children of the wealthy has expanded by as much of 40 percent and is now more than 50 percent larger than the black-white achievement gap. According
Without the results of studies done on the birth order, by people like Jeffery Kluger, the power of birth order would remain a mystery to us and we would not have as deep of an understanding of siblings. While there is still much about the workings of oldest, youngest, and middle children that we have not yet discovered, the studies conducted on birth order so far have enlightened many parents on how their children’s relationships work. However, while scientists have unraveled many mysteries about the birth order, the constant variables presented to scientists as they study the birth order does hinder the progress of their research, but there is always a hope that someday scientists will be able to completely understand the impact and function of the birth order in sibling’s
Life expectancy in many parts of the world has increased since 1800 (Life Expectancy by Age, n.d). To understand these changes we can study the demographic transition, the changes in birth and death rates over extended periods of time. The industrial revolution has significantly improved the conditions of humans and in 20th century death rates declined but the birth rates remained unchanged. In many of today’s developed countries both rates have declined; however, in developing countries, while death rates have declined due the improvements of living conditions, the birth rates are still high which has caused a record high population growth (HAUB & GRIBBLE, 2011).
If you survey a random group of 23 people, there is a 50% chance that two of them people will have the same birthday? The objective of this project is to prove whether or not the birthday paradox is true by looking at random groups of 23 or more people. So to understand how the birthday paradox works we have to go into detail that will include explaining:
Yip, Paul S.F., Lee, Joseph and Cheung, Y.B. “The Influence of the Zodiac on Fertility in Hong Kong SAR.” 55.10 (15 Nov. 2002); 1803. Academic Search Premier. Web. 9 Feb. 2014.
Such disparity is experienced due to the existence of a proportion of a specific racial an...
“What is the probability that at least 2 people in a room of 30 random people will have the same birthday?”
Out of the numerous commodities and resources that are scarce on the planet in which we inhabit a family, or even a family system, can never be parallel to even an iota of them. This is due to the fact that everyone, no matter what age at what time period of their life, has a family. That family may not be the cookie cutter family that society imposes on the media world. People develop without knowing their family, people create new families of their own, or they can even find something or someone to call family because of this family will never be scarce. Family is an objective concept to every single person and the definition varies significantly from being as simple as the smallest of toys to as complex as a group of people interconnected
Many people are needed to reap a field when the crops are ready. Therefore, many children must be born. The birth rates in third world cultures are very high as a result. Males are obviously preferred. Because of the...
Quantitative methods in the social sciences are an effective tool for understanding patterns and variation in social data. They are the systematic, numeric collection and objective analysis of data that can be generalized to a larger population and seek to find cause in variance (Matthews and Ross 2010, p.141; Henn et al. 2009, p.134). These methods are often debated, but quantitative measurement is important to the social sciences because of the numeric evidence that can be used to drive more in depth qualitative research and to focus regional policy, to name a few (Johnston et al. 2014). Basic quantitative methods, such as descriptive and inferential statistics, are used regularly to identify and explain large social trends that can then
As Proverbs 6:20 says “My son, keep your father's commandment, and forsake not your mother's teaching.” The book The Successful Family” written by Ellen G. White, it highlights certain principles, morals and values which are vital for the successful development of the family unit. The book is made up of sections designated to each member of the family, in which each person has different responsibilities which must be carried out in order for the unit to work, these sections also help us to understand each member of the family as unique individuals, who have various needs and feelings