1.0 INTRODUCTION OF BIOMETRICS
A thousands years ago until now, human use their physical and behaviour characteristic to recognize such as face, voice, . However, in the middle of 19th century, chief of the criminal identification division of the police department in Paris, Alphonse Bertillon, had idea to use body measurements to identify crime. In late 19th century, it was identified with the discovery of far more important and practical distinctiveness of human fingerprint. Soon after this discovery, many departments have applied the idea of fingerprints especially law enforcement against crime and keep the information in the database (actually, file cards). Today’s One of the way is biometric technologies.
In biometric, there are two types of methodologies such as physiological and behavioural biometric as long it satisfied the characteristic such as universality, distinctiveness, permanence and collectability. However, there a lot of issues one of the issues is about uniqueness. The method to using this depend on the two categories; physiological such as eye and fingerprint. While the other is behavioural such as keystroke and signature. Part of view is identifiability, they also interested in identifying information that are available from a technology, such as MRI Image X-ray scanner.
One form of biometric fusion, in each system individually is able to quantify the biometric information and the potential gain from fusing the systems. However, measure is also relevant to biometric cryptosystems and privacy measures [1].The term of biometric information can be define as the reduction in uncertainty about identification of the person as a set of biometric measure [2]. In order to understanding this definition, we mus...
... middle of paper ...
...e. Sometimes people just use their identification card, date of birth and hand phone number as their password. It is not really secure even though we can remember it easily because intruders are clever than us. They can get our information easily so it is good to use biometrics for authentication. As the biometric technology grows and expands, many methods are also being developed to identify a person accurately and quickly.
Many tools and techniques were use in biometric such as SVM (Support Vector Machine), MRI Scanner. Biometrics is the tomorrow authentication’s method, it is easy for us to use in daily life and make life more secure and comfortable. Good choice must be taken depends on the level of security. Some problems are controlling in biometrics. But if the solution can be found, it can provide us a secure and easy technique of authenticate people.
National ID cards are applicable in countries all around the world, however, we can say that there exists a huge debate about their purpose and implications that it may provide. This debate has been around for as long as ID cards have been issued, due to different perspectives that people have towards them. For this reason, we have 2 big groups; those who are against ID cards and those who are for them. Since we are in a democratic society, everyone is allowed to have its own unique way of thinking, so it has been mentioned and talked from a lot of people, including writers. William Safire is one of the writers that will be mentioned in this essay as well as Alan Dershowitz. They both state their own perception of ID cards with arguments for
Now-a-day, biometric authentication system or simply biometric system, offers a reliable and user-friendly solution to the problem of identity management by establishing the identity of an individual based on “who the person is”, rather than the knowledge-based i.e. “what the person knows" or token-based i.e. “what the person carries” (Jain et al., 1999). The word biometrics is derived from the Greek words bios (meaning life) and metron (meaning measurement); biometric identifiers are measurements from living human body (Maltoni et al., 2003). Biometric system refers to automatically identify or verify an individual's identity based on his physiological characteristics (e.g. fingerprints, face, iris and hand geometry) and behavioral characteristics (e.g. gait, voice and signature) (Figure 2.1). Ancillary characteristics (also known as soft biometric) such as gender, ethnicity, age, eye color, skin color, scars and tatoos also provide some information about the identity of a person. However, soft biometric traits do not provide sufficient evidence to precisely determine the identity (Jain et al., 2004a). Biometric traits provide a unique and permanent binding between an individual and his identity. This “binding" cannot be easily lost, forgotten, shared or forged and free from making false repudiation claims. Biometrics offers several advantages over conventional security measures. These include
In 1893, Francis Galton introduced a remarkable new way to identify people ("Fingerprinting" pg 1 par 3). His observation that each individual has a unique set of fingerprints revolutionized the world of forensics. Soon, all investigators had adapted the idea to use fingerprints as a form of identification. Unfortunately, over the course of the past century, criminals have adapted to this technique and seldom leave their incriminating marks at the crime scene. Forensics specialists were in need of a new way to identify criminals, and DNA provided the answer. When it comes to genetic material, it is virtually impossible for a criminal to leave a crime scene "clean." Whether it is a hair, flakes of skin, or a fragment of fingernail, if it contains genetic material then it has potential to incriminate. However, there are still concerns regarding DNA fingerprinting. What are the implications of using these tests in a courtroom scenario? What happens when DNA tests go awry? It is debatable whether or not DNA fingerprinting has a place in America's court systems.
By the 19th century, the criminology research scholars have had a keen interest in biometric identification, they hope to combine physical characteristics with criminal tendencies, which resulting in a series of measuring devices, and also collected a large amount of data. Since then, the concept of measuring a person's physical characteristics are finalized, fingerprints also become the identification of international methodological standards for public security agencies. People often debate whether fingerprints have absolutely unique, and also thought that the different countries have the different standard for identifying fingerprints. So far, it is still the most widely methods of public security organs, and the process is also automated.
Authenticity within the culture of popular music is an issue that has been discussed for many years as it can be a huge selling point, it can cause society to either loathe or love a performing artist on how 'authentic' their persona and music is. Moore (2002) brings forward this idea in the article ‘Authenticity as Authentication’:
Before 1973, anyone could walk into an airport and directly head to their flight leading to the highest number of airplane hijackings in history.Airport screening has been brought around in many popular airports after the horrific events on 9/11. The technology of these scanners are improving by the year but many seem to be against this solution for security. Having full-body scanners is crucial to have in airports to avoid any more terrorist attacks which are happening more often. These scanners are our country’s number one chance of keeping terrorism out of airports and planes. New TSA requirements included checking all bags with explosive-detection machines, doing random pat-downs and conducting one-on-one screening with hand-held metal
Biometrics is, “the automated use of physiological or behavioral characteristics to determine or verify identity (biometricgroup.com, 2014).”16 The purpose of the paper is to provide information about different forms of Biometrics. With the ever increasing threat of terrorism at home and abroad, biometrics is emerging as a way to increase security across the world. It is important to point out current issues dealing with Biometrics and how they relate to people that may one day have to use them.
In today’s world, we can say that the main danger to privacy, security for people who lives in free democratic societies can come from the system that will create and apply supposedly very high tech national ID card.
Securing Personally Identifiable Information is critical and important because of the fact that PII is used to distinguish one person from another. Each piece of information is uniquely given to a specific individual. Having one thing unsecured, could give someone access to that unsecured item and so much more. If I had my social security card out in the open and someone was able to somehow get ahold of my SSN, it would give them unlimited access to pretty much everything else about me. They would be able to figure out my full name, birthday, address, etc. Having this information available could lead to the person getting credit cards in my name, getting access to my already opened credit cards, and even worse, stealing my identity. To prevent Identity theft, I will make sure my PII is secured and locked away. I will use the
Biometrics is described as the use of human physical features to verify identity and has been in use since the beginning of recorded history. Only recently, biometrics has been used in today’s high-tech society for the prevention of identity theft. In this paper, we will be understanding biometrics, exploring the history of biometrics, examples of today’s current technology and where biometrics are expected to go in the future.
When Maxwell Smart first whipped out his shoe phone in 1965, everyone saw an act of pure movie magic. Back in the mid to late 1900s everybody had the same idea of the future. Everyone pictured the future as talking robots (Siri), computerized pocket-sized dictionaries (smart-phones), hovering devices (drones), and much more. Today, everyone thinks of these technologies as commonalities. Most of these current devices have a valuable impact, while few create debatable issues. The company NGI has a system that will revolutionize the field of biometric facial recognition. In the article titled Embracing Big Brother: How Facial Recognition Could Help Fight Crime, author Jim Stenman says, "The mission is to reduce terrorist and criminal activity by improving and expanding biometric identification as well as criminal history information s...
written and the study conducted by: Pooja Bains, Alka Dogra; is about how to efficient,
Biometric technology is used for the ways humans can be identified by unique aspects of their bodies, such as fingerprints, body odor, our voices and many more. If one was to think about privacy rights, he/she would be concerned about the widespread adoption of these systems, since such systems could easily be used to develop a record of known rebellious people and/or dangerous criminals, to be used for social control purposes. Although that may seem pretty good and a positive thing for the society, one should take into account of the defects and errors of technology. Of the many biometrics technologies that are being developed and are already developed, facial recognition is one of the most threatening because it can be deployed secretly; one may not know whether or when they can be caught in a surveillance camera for such facial recognition biometrics. Additionally, tests have found that the miscalculations for facial biometrics technologies are very high. As a result, according to Privacy Rights Clearinghouse, innocent people can be erroneously identified as dangerous criminals and actual dangerous criminals and/or suspected terrorists can fail to be detected overall, allowing for a huge injustice and unfairness. Privacy rights concerned with biometrics have sparked a concern and should be dealt with; otherwise, this is just one of the
The purpose of biometrics is to identify a person based on the measure of his anatomical and physiological characteristics. This concept is not new, its history dates back to 14th century when Chinese used footprints to identify newborns and divorce records. In the 1880s, Henry Faulds, William Herschel and Francis Galton were the first who conceived the idea of using biometric identification to guaranty the security in civil areas, like using footprints for criminal identification and fingerprinting t...
As one of the feature of biometric, signature verification is used to find the authenticity of a person to give the access the most valued and important documents and shelf. Firstly the signature of a person are taken as a reference in database. To generate the database, number of attempts from the same person has been taken, as it would permit minute deviations in signatures that generates due to environmental conditions. Once it is done, then the signatures at other times are every time then verified with the existing database. Because of confidentially of the file/document/transaction giving access is the crucial process that should be monitored with perfection. The same happens with offline signature verification. Computerized process and verification algorithm (thus software) takes fully care of signature under test, generate results that are 100% authentic, and advocates credibility of the concerned person .However, there might raise issue of authenticity even if the same person performs the signature. Or, at times a forge person may duplicate the exact signature. Many research have been done to find the accuracy of result so as to prevent from forgery. Forgery is also divided into different categories depending upon their severity as