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Technology influencing war
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The new technologies of terror and their increasing mobility are improving everyday. Many types of warfare look to take out major numbers of people, and some even look to take specific individuals. The specific technique I will focus on is call Biological warfare. Biological warfare is a type of war that targets specific people or a specific whole country. When Biological warfare is used it usually involves a substance in which to harm others by immediate death, or death by exposure. The substance is usually used within a confined space for maximum exposure to the victims of the gas, disease, or radiation. Biological warfare usually kills people on the spot, or has long term effects in which to haunt the victim for his or her entire life. Biological warfare dates all the way back to 400.B.C., when spartan greeks used high acidic sulfur fumes against the britain enemy soldiers, which in that time, was highly effective, so this technique was used very often in this time period. In 1914, during world war I, poison gas was released and was also very effective , there were over 100,000 deaths, and 900,000 casualties as the cause of this poison gas. Although the potential for nuclear annihilation has been reduced with the end of the cold war, America still faces attacks by weapons of mass destruction. Since the United states now has a military edge over its old enemies, the concern for nuclear deterrence should take a back seat to providing protection against small terrorists attacks involving biological weapons. Biological weapons have a catastrophic killing potential and they are easy to make and conceal. American defensive measures, however should continue to upgrade to protect itself, and Britain. Disadvantages to using Biologica... ... middle of paper ... ...eath. Brookfield, CT. 2010. Print 5.) Radford, Tim K. Biological Warfare Warning for UK. 1996. 14 November. 1996. 6.) Josh, King-Farlow. Biological Weapons. 1998. 11 December. 7.) Collins, Nick. Biological warfare tests by british WW2 Scientists. 2010. 17 May. 8.) Gay, Kathlyn L. Silent Death. Brookfield, CT. 2010. Print. -Focuses on the new technologies of terror and their increasing availability, along with the increasing mobility of terrorists in Britain. 9.) Barnett, Anthony. Millions were in germ war tests. 2002. 5 April. 10.) Adam, Kennedy. Biological Weapons in Britain. 1989. 1 March.
This summer we had an opportunity to dive into the world of bioweapons, through Richard Preston’s novel The Demon in the Freezer. His book explored the colorful world of smallpox and its use as a biological weapon. Earlier this week we were graced with this authors present for an ACES event. He discussed some of the found topics in his book such as animal testing, what small pox is, and even its eradication. One of the great things we had the chance of vocalizing were our many opinions on the gloom associated with this intriguing disease.
Guillemin, J. (2005). Biological weapons: From the invention of state-sponsored programs to contemporary bioterrorism Columbia University Press.
Though biological weapons have been available for under a century, there is a long history of their use between 1914 and 1972. Chemical warfare was first introduced in 1914 at the beginning of World War I. Because of the new style of warfare with automatic weapons, trenches were dug out from the ground to defend against a slaughter. The introduction of this issue caused us to invent weapons such as the grenade, flame thrower, and finally, biological weapons. Biological weapons were distributed by hoses, grenades, and aerial attacks. By doing this, we eliminated many enemy trenches and saved a large amount of Ally lives. (Menace)
Fries, A. A., & West, C. J. (1921) The 'Standard' of the 'Standard'. Chemical warfare. New York [etc.] :. McGraw-Hill Book Company, Inc.. Heller, C. E. (1985).
Publication of this can help us to develop better cures for the worst viruses. In addition, people will know how deadly it is, and if they get the virus, they will know what it is. On the other hand, Michael Specter gave an example of Clinton’s speech about bioterrorism. Hilarity Clinton says, “Evidence in Afghanistan. Al Queda in the Arabian Peninsula made a call to arms for – and I quote – ‘brothers with degrees in microbiology or chemistry to develop a weapon of mass destruction”.
"History of Bioterrorism." Chronological. Office of The Surgeon General, Department of the Army, 1997. Web. 22 July 2012. http://www.bio-terry.com/HistoryBioTerr.html
Poison gas was perhaps the most feared weapon out of all. Created to overcome the long stalemate style of trench warfare, its purpose was to draw out soldiers hiding in the trenches. One side would throw the poison gas into the enemy trenches and they would either wait for their enemy to come out into open fire or perish in the trenches. The first poison gas used in battle was chlorine at the start of the Second Battle of Ypres on April 22, 1915 by the Germans. Shortly after, followed the phosgene. The effects of these gases were ghastly. Chlorine was the most deadly as "within seconds of inhaling its vapor, it destroys the victim's respiratory organs, bringing on choking attacks" (Duffy). Phosgene had similar effects, except the fact that the effects started kicking in after 48 hours of inhalation. In September 1917, the Germans introduced the mustard gas or Yperite which was contained in artillery shells against the Russians at Riga. Those exposed t...
Ryan, Jeffrey R., and Jan F. Glarum. Biosecurity & Bioterrorism: Containing and Preventing Biological Threats. Oxford: Elsevier Inc., 2008.
Selgelid, M. (2007). A Tale of Two Studies:Ethics, Bioterrorism, and the Censorship of Science. Project Muse, 3, 35-43. Retrieved February 13, 2011, from http://journals.ohiolink.edu/ejc/article.cgi?issn=1552146x&issue=v37i0003&article=35_atotsebatcos
Pita, R. (2009). Toxin weapons: From World War I to jihadi terrorism. Toxin Reviews, 28(4), 219-237. doi:10.3109/1556950903246136
“Smallpox and Bioterrorism” 6 June 2001. Center for Disease Control. 4 Nov. 2014. < http://www.bt.cdc.gov/Agent/Smallpox/FactSheet.pdf >
Herman, E. & Sullivan, G. O.1989. The Terrorism Industry: The Experts and Institutions That Shape Our View of Terror. New York: Pantheon.
The threat of global terrorism continues to rise with the total number of deaths reaching 32,685 in 2015, which is an 80 percent increase from 2014 (Global Index). With this said, terrorism remains a growing, and violent phenomenon that has dominated global debates. However, ‘terrorism’ remains a highly contested term; there is no global agreement on exactly what constitutes a terror act. An even more contested concept is whether to broaden the scope of terrorism to include non-state and state actors.
Throughout the progression of mankind, there has always been a need to become superior in tactics and technology over an opponent. It did not take long for man to discover the effective and deadly tactic of Bioterrorism, which is the deliberate release of viruses, bacteria or other germs used to cause illness or death in people, animals, or plants. As time passes, everything about bioterrorism becomes more and more sophisticated, making it very difficult to combat with. By examining the history of bioterrorism, one can learn how military forces utilize this deadly weapon.
Thesis: Biological Warfare is morally and inhumanely wrong, It is the wrongful killing of men, women, and children. It should be stopped no matter what the circumstances are.