Some people are just born with the talent of being an effective teacher. Bhaskara the Teacher and Abu Hamid Al-Ghazali were two of those people who were successful contributors to teachings that are still being used in the present. Both Bhaskara and Abu Hamid Al-Ghazali had significant impacts through their work. Bhaskara's work influenced future developments in the Middle East and Europe. As soon as it was written, his work was known to Islamic mathematicians, and influenced their following writings. Al-Ghazali's influence was eternal and deep. He is one of the greatest theologians of Islam. When his theological doctrines entered Europe, Jewish and Christian Scholasticism were influenced. In order to reestablish the authority of orthodox …show more content…
His work is outstanding for its improved methods and the new topics that he has introduced. In the twelfth century, he represented the greatest knowledge of mathematics and astronomies. He reached an understanding of calculus, astronomy, the number systems, and solving equations, which were not to be accomplished anywhere else in the world for many centuries. Al-Ghazali's work successfully changed the course of Islamic philosophy. His major contribution lies in religion, philosophy and Sufism. In philosophy, Ghazali supported mathematics and exact sciences as basically correct. In religion he cleansed the approach of Sufism of its excesses and reestablished the authority of the orthodox religion. However, he stressed the importance of genuine Sufism, which he upheld was the path to reach the complete truth. The eventful life of al-Ghazali can be divided into three major periods. The first period was learning, the second period he was the highest-ranking orthodox 'doctor' of the Islamic community in Baghdad, and the third period he retired but consisted of a short time of teaching at the Nizamiyyah College in …show more content…
Bhaskara has been called the greatest mathematician of medieval India. His father Mahesvara, was a Brahman who himself was famed as an astrologer. There are six known writings by Bhaskara. His six works are: Lilavati (The Beautiful) which is on mathematics; Bijaganita (Seed Counting or Root Extraction) which is on algebra; the Siddhantasiromani split in two parts, mathematical astronomy as the first part and the sphere as the second part; the Vasanabhasya of Mitaksara which is Bhaskara's own commentary on the Siddhantasiromani ; the Karanakutuhala (Calculation of Astronomical Wonders); and the Vivarana. Other than Muhammad, Al-Ghazali has been referred to by some historians as the single greatest teachers and interpreters of Islam. He studied under al-Juwayni, the well-known jurist and theologian and "the most outstanding Muslim scholar of his time". Al-Ghazali wrote more than 70 books on the sciences, Islamic philosophy and
Natural philosophy might have played a much smaller role in Islamic science but is not to be overlooked. Al ma’mun built observatories as high as three stories in order to gain a better understanding of the cosmos. With these tools, Islamic astronomers made accurate descriptions of the heavens and created their own geocentric views of the orbits of the heavenly bodies. Attached to many of these observatories were great libraries. Islamic libraries contained a wealth of knowledge which was taken from other civilizations and translated to Arabic such as the House of Wisdom. These libraries had upwards of 2 million books, a massive accomplishment considering they did not have movable type. The Islamic Empire also saw great advances in mathematical understanding with the creation of trigonometry and algebra.
Fakhry, M. 1997. Islamic Philosophy, Theology and Mysticism: A Short Introdu ction. Oxford: One World Publications.
Al Ghazali a significant person in Islam has helped shape Islam to be what it is today - a living religious tradition for the lives of its adherents. His contribution to Islam though his theories, knowledge and works have left a positive impact upon the Islamic world that continues into the present. An everlasting impact upon the faith, Muslims and the expansion of Islam to be one of the most popular religious traditions in the present world for the lives of its adherents is seen as Al Ghazali’s
Nevertheless, his philosophical accomplishments, Islamic theory of the sort Ibn Rushd rehearsed, did not actually last after him. Really, he didn't have any noteworthy Muslim followers. In the realm of Islam, his books were generally overlooked, and a few of his works vanished in their Arabic renditions. Luckily, enthusiasm toward his thought remained vibrant around Jews and Christians. Along these lines, his philosophical functions and additionally his editorials on Aristotle were perused up and down the European mid life years and the Renaissance.
According to Britannica, Betye Saar, also known as Betye Irene Brown, is an American artist and educator whose groundbreaking work has left an indelible mark on the art world. Born on July 30, 1926, in Los Angeles, California, Saar's artistic journey began with a deep exploration of themes related to race, gender, and identity. After studying design at the University of California, Los Angeles, where she earned her Bachelor of Arts degree in 1949, Saar continued her education in education and printmaking at California State University, Long Beach, from 1958 to 1962. It was during this time that she began to hone her craft and develop her unique artistic voice. Saar worked mostly with prints and images in the early 1960s, but her true passion
Two early philosopher who made contributions to the ideas present in education today were Abu Hamind ibn Muhammad al-Ghazali and Moses Maimonides. Some of the issues which they felt most strongly about were their attitudes towards students’ free time, teaching methods, and student-teacher relationships. The two philosophers presented ideas that were similar to one another, and some that differed as well.
In the history of concepts, there is no concern that Al-Ghazali’s figure emerges as one of the best Western thinkers. Considered as the prominent Sunni theologian that ever lived, Al-Ghazali’s polemic againstNeoplatonic thinkers, mainly Ibn Sina, dealt a fatal rage to philosophy within Islamic world. Written following his period of private study of philosophy, and completed in 1094 CE, Tahafut al-Falasifa carried the purpose of pursuing the analysis of reason that inspired his stint of cynicism, and was attempting to illustrate that reason is not self-reliant in the sphere of metaphysics and is incapable out of itself to construct an absolute world-view. Whereas, as Goldziher (1981) explains, Al-Ghazali uniquely held certain beliefs which he refuted in Tahafut, he wanted to demonstrate that reason on its own cannot establish that the world has the creator, two gods are unfeasible, God is not an entity or a body, and that he understand both himself and others, that the spirit is a self-resilient body. This paper will analyze Al-Ghazali’s argument on the eternity of the world, as found in his first areas of debate with philosophers and evaluated against Ibn Rushd’s answers.
Mathematics in Islamic Civilization - Dr. Ragheb Elsergany - Islam Story. (n.d.). Islam Story - Supervised by Dr. Ragheb Elsergany. Retrieved April 26, 2011, from http://en.islamstory.com/mathematics-islamic-civilization.html
Ghazali believes that God chose to create this world as the best alternative, among several different alternatives, which is conceivable to him. This way he defends the Asharite doctrine of there being a temporally finite universe but still refuting the Aristotelian notion of an eternal universe. In his seventeenth chapter, Al-Ghazali offers more than one explanation concerning the concept of causality, that is, how and why things happen. Ghazali argued that everything happens as a result of god’s will, whether it be the primary or secondary cause, in other words, it is the ultimate cause.
Abu’ Abdillah Muhammad ibn Idris al-Shafi’i also known as Imam al-Shafi’i was one of many influential figures in the Sunni Muslim community who gave rise to Shafi’i school of usul al-fiqh/Madh’hab (El Shamsy and Zysow). Born in Gaza, Palestine year 767 CE (Common Era), Imam Shafi’i had memorized the Quran by age seven and was studying usul al-fiqh (study of principles and sources that Islamic jurisprudence is based on) and obtaining knowledge of Islam through jurisprudence. At the young age of thirteen, Imam al-Shafi’i began studying fiqh, which is comprehension, understanding and jurisprudence in Islam, under Imam Malik, a highly respected scholar of fiqh in Sunni Islam (Khatak and Shahab). Through this Imam Shafi’i was able to study several viewpoints of the fiqh which led him to write Kitᾱb Al-Umm and Al-Risᾱla. The Al-Umm focuses on legal material in jurisprudence and the Al-Risᾱla focuses on four main sources: the Quran, the Sunnah of Prophet Mohammad (PBUH), consensus of scholars within the Muslim community, and Qiyas or analogical deduction (El Shamsey, 199-200). Through these teachings of law, al-Shafi’i introduced a completely unique perspective of the Islamic legal thought to Sunni Muslims and revolutionized the study of fiqh.
One of his most influential works was his translation of Metaphysics where he introduced the idea of metaphysics to Muslims. Al-Kindi was able to read Greek himself, but he mainly oversaw the work of many Christian translators. Most of his work was improving their Greek translations rather than translating them himself. Al-Kindi also helped make falsafah (“the tradition of Greek philosophy in Islam”) popular. One particular area where this is seen is how al-Kindi viewed Allah.
This left a lasting negative view of philosophy in the Islamic world and the neglect of reason. However, Christendom came to embrace much of the work Islamic philosophers did. This is one reason why the West seen cultivating philosophy and using it to impact society, and many countries in the Islamic world neglecting philosophy and promoting Islamic fundamentalism. This was starting to take place around Aquinas’s time. He engaged both Muslims, who were impacted by Islamic philosophy, and Christians, who were being introduced to Islamic philosophy.
Vaishno Das Bagai was born in British ruled Peshawar, India in 1891 to an upper-class, well educated family. When he was 3 or 4 he was engaged to the woman who would be his wife, as per Indian traditions. When they were 12, they were married and she was sent to live with the Bagai family. By the time Vaishno’s father passed away in 1913, he had 3 sons and was actively working with the Gadar Party in San Francisco for India’s freedom from British rule. When a high ranking member of the Gadar Party invited Vaishno to join their cause in America, he sold all of his properties, packed up his family, and set sail for America.
...were revolutionary and still hold true today. His impact on society today goes from his celebrity status in Iran to the Ibn Sina Academy of Medieval Medicines and Sciences in Aligarh, India, Avicenna School in Karachi, Pakistan, moon crater, and a plant genius called Avicennia. This Renaissance man sacrificed a lot of time to write his many books. He sacrificed a lot of time to gain a vast amount of knowledge from Aristotle to cadavers. “Ibn Sina sought to integrate all aspects of science and religion in a grand metaphysical vision. With this vision he attempted to explain the formation of the universe as well as to elucidate the problems of evil, prayer, providence, prophecies, miracles, and marvels. Also within its scope fall problems relating to the organization of the state in accord with religious law and the question of the ultimate destiny of man” (Iskander).
...made him highly recognized among all the Islamic philosophers. He is, indeed, regarded as the most important Islamic philosopher.