The clinician administered the Bedside Swallow Evaluation. The purpose of this evaluation is to determine if further testing is warranted due to performance of swallowing function. The patient will consume a variety of textures and consistencies. The patient is first presented with water from a spoon and asked to swallow it as the clinician places a gloved hand on the patient’s throat, as for the clinician to feel the typical anterior-superior movement of the larynx. After the patient finishes swallowing the clinician asks the patient to produce a prolonged phonation to observe voice quality. The patient is then instructed to take a single sip form a cup with thin liquid (clinician checks larynx movement present and vocal quality), take three
Are you worried about feeling pain during a procedure? Are you scared of visiting the dentist and want to know how we can help? Our office offers three levels of dental sedation in order to help make your visit to Northwest Dental Healthcare as pleasant as possible. Learn more about our dental sedation options below.
My disease is Streptococcal pneumonia or pneumonia is caused by the pathogen Streptococcus pneumoniae. Streptococcus pneumoniae is present in human’s normal flora, which normally doesn’t cause any problems or diseases. Sometimes though when the numbers get too low it can cause diseases or upper respiratory tract problems or infections (Todar, 2008-2012). Pneumonia caused by this pathogen has four stages. The first one is where the lungs fill with fluid. The second stage causes neutrophils and red blood cells to come to the area which are attracted by the pathogen. The third stage has the neutrophils stuffed into the alveoli in the lungs causing little bacteria to be left over. The fourth stage of this disease the remaining residue in the lungs are take out by the macrophages. Aside from these steps pneumonia follows, if the disease should persist further, it can get into the blood causing a systemic reaction resulting in the whole body being affected (Ballough). Some signs and symptoms of this disease are, “fever, malaise, cough, pleuritic chest pain, purulent or blood-tinged sputum” (Henry, 2013). Streptococcal pneumonia is spread through person-to-person contact through aerosol droplets affecting the respiratory tract causing it to get into the human body (Henry, 2013).
Burning mouth syndrome (BMS) describes a painful sensation of the tongue, lips or palate. It also may involve a general sensation of discomfort of the whole mouth.
Saliva is a watery liquid that is produced by the salivary glands (Martini et al., 2015). There are three pairs of salivary gland; the parotid, sublingual and submandibular. Each of these glands have different cellular structure and produces saliva with slightly different content that preforms different functions (Martini et al., 2015). The parotid salivary glands which is the largest produce a serous excretion that contains high amounts of salivary amylase which helps in the breakdown of complex carbohydrates. The sublingual salivary glands produces mucous excretion that functions as a lubricant and buffer (Martini et al., 2015). The submandibular salivary glands produces mucin which is a combination of buffers and glycoproteins, salivary amylase is also released. Each gland releases their products through their respective ducts into the buccal cavity or mouth. Saliva itself consist 99.4% of water and the 0.6% left are buffers, electrolytes, mucins, enzymes and antibodies (Martini et al., 2015). Sugar, Na+ and Cl- are in low concentration and this is to prevent interference with the sense of taste (Calhoun & Eibling, 2006).
The ability to swallow is an intricate process that includes the coordinated effort of cranial nerves and multiple muscles. Pathophysiology of aspiration is such that, food or liquid is misdirected down the respiratory pathway. In most cases aspiration will occur as it travels via the straighter path to the right main bronchus and onward to the right lower lobe of the lung (Eisenstadt, 2010). Dysphagia’s incidence after a stroke varies due to the location of the stroke and occurs between 28%-79% of the time (Lakshminarayan et al., 2010). Current state has bodies of authority without an approved dysphagia measure based on evidenced. These entities hospitals would look to for consensus and guidance are the American Heart Association (AHA), Centers for Disease Control (CDC), and The Joint Commission (TJC) (Solis, n.d.). Without the endorsement of a screening tool, hospitals may not be persistently utilizing a dys...
Hospital-acquired infections (HAI) are preventable and pose a threat to hospitals and patients; increasing the cost, nominally and physically, for both. Pneumonia makes up approximately 15% of all HAI and is the leading cause of nosocomial deaths. Pneumonia is most frequently caused by bacterial microorganisms reaching the lungs by way of aspiration, inhalation or the hematogenous spread of a primary infection. There are two categories of Hospital-Acquired Pneumonia (HAP); Health-Care Associated Pneumonia (HCAP) and Ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP).
The base of tongue resides close to the glottic aperture. During traditional direct laryngoscopy, the base of tongue falls posteriorly, obstructing the line of sight into the glottis. Visualizing the larynx requires displacing the base of tongue anteriorly so that the line of sight to the glottis is restored. The tongue is frequently displaced with a hand-held rigid laryngoscope, to which Macintosh and Miller blades are most commonly attached. These laryngoscopes push the tongue anteriorly and, in so doing, move it from a posterior obstructing position to a new anterior nonobstructing position. The new position is within the mandibular space. The mandibular space is the area between the two rami of the mandible. Even with the tongue maximally displaced into the mandibular space, visualization of the larynx is sometimes inadequate. A tongue which is large compared with the size of the mouth (oropharynx) and mandible takes up excessive space in the oropharynx and thus interferes with
Dysphagia is characterized by impairment to any of the four stages involved in swallowing: oral preparation phase, oral phase, pharyngeal phase, or esophageal phase (Groher & Crary, 2010). Identification and diagnosis of specific swallowing impairments involve obtaining objective information using videofluoroscopic procedures, such as the videofluoroscopic swallow study (VFSS) which has been used in practice since the 1970s (Cook & Kahrilas, 1999) or the fiberoptic endoscopic evaluation of swallowing (FEES) which is a relatively new assessment procedure since the early 1990s (Langmore, Schatz & Olson, 1991; Groher & Crary, 2010).
Ascertaining the adequacy of gaseous exchange is the major purpose of the respiratory assessment. The components of respiratory assessment comprises of rate, rhythm, quality of breathing, degree of effort, cough, skin colour, deformities and mental status (Moore, 2007). RR is a primary indicator among other components that assists health professionals to record the baseline findings of current ventilatory functions and to identify physiological respiratory deterioration. For instance, increased RR (tachypnoea) and tidal volume indicate the body’s attempt to correct hypoxaemia and hypercapnia (Cretikos, Bellomo, Hillman, Chen, Finfer, & Flabouris, 2008). The inclusive use of a respiratory assessment on a patient could lead to numerous potential benefits. Firstly, initial findings of respiratory assessment reveals baseline data of patient’s respiratory functions. Secondly, if the patient is on respiratory medication such as salbutamol and ipratropium bromide, the respiratory assessment enables nurses to measure the effectiveness of medications and patient’s compliance towards those medications (Cretikos, Bellomo, Hillman, Chen, Finfer, & Flabouris, 2008). Thirdly, it facilitates early identification of respiratory complications and it has the potential to reduce the risk of significant clinical
Swallow studies and various kinds of fluoroscopic procedures are used to evaluate patients level of deglutition and digestion. Swallow studies are most commonly used to evaluate if there is any dysphagia present in a patient. Not only are the oral anatomical structures evaluated, but respiratory structures are evaluated as well.
This science fair project is going to be about if chewing gum helps you considerate during a test. Stay till the end to see if this works. This paper is going to tell you about the history of chewing gum. First, who invented chewing gum, what is chewing gum made of, what gives chewing gum it’s flavor and why where the idea that chewing gum might help you concentrate better while taking a test.
Just the act of chewing bubble gum can help a person focus better because there is something therapeutic and meditative about it. Chewing gum can actually help increase memory power reflected by the studies that have shown that students who did it scored 35% higher than the ones who did not. This is because the act of chewing requires you to concentrate longer and chewing for at least 10-15 minutes per day will help improve your performance. Some studies suggest that participants who did not chew gum did better in the beginning, but the gum chewers surpassed them in the end. Chewing gum increases blood flow to the brain, which helps release stress and anxiety. So the next time your teacher or boss tells you to stop chewing gum, tell them that it benefits you, without risking getting kicked out of the class or fired.
Nursing Diagnosis I for Patient R.M. is ineffective airway clearance related to retained secretions. This is evidenced by a weak unproductive cough and by both objective and subjective data. Objective data includes diagnosis of pneumonia, functional decline, and dyspnea. Subjective data include the patient’s complaints of feeling short of breath, even with assistance with basic ADLs. This is a crucial nursing diagnosis as pneumonia is a serious condition that is the eighth leading cause of death in the United States and the number one cause of death from infectious diseases (Lemon, & Burke, 2011). It is vital to keep the airway clear of the mucus that may be produced from the inflammatory response of pneumonia. This care plan is increasingly important because of R.M.'s state of functional decline; he is unable to perform ADL and to elicit a strong cough by himself due to his slouched posture. Respiratory infections and in this case, pneumonia, will further impair the airway (Lemon, & Burke, 2011). Because of the combination of pneumonia and R.M's other diagnoses of lifelong asthma, it is imperative that the nursing care plan of ineffective airway clearance be carried out. The first goal of this care plan was to have the patient breathe deeply and cough to remove secretions. It is important that the nurse help the patient deep breathe in an upright position; this is the best position for chest expansion, which promotes expansion and ventilation of all lung fields (Sparks and Taylor, 2011). It is also important the nurse teach the patient an easily performed cough technique and help mobilize the patient with ADL's. This helps the patient learn to cough and clear their airways without fatigue (Sparks a...
The voice is our primary mean of communication and expression. We rarely last more than a few minutes without its use whether it is talking to someone else or humming quietly to ourselves. We can use the voice artistically in many ways. For example, singing carries the rhythm and melody of speech. It creates patterns of pitch, loudness, and duration that tie together syllables, phrases and sentences. We use the voice for survival, emotion, expression, and to reflect our personality. The loss of the voice is a severe curtailment to many professions. It is affected by general body condition which is why we need to consider the location of the larynx and how that organ produces voice. Surprisingly, this complex biological design is mechanical in function. It is mechanical to the point that when it has been excised from a cadaver and mounted on a laboratory bench, the larynx produces sounds resembling normal phonation. (Titze, Principles)
Pursed lip breathing enhances the lungs mechanisms and expiratory breathing, meaning breathing becomes easier for a patient experiencing dyspnea. This is predominantly useful for patients who have diagnosis of lung conditions that make breathing difficult such as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease is a preventable and treatable disease characterized by persistent airflow limitation that is usually progressive. (Lewis, 2017) Patients with this disease process have declining lung function and breathing capability. It can make breathing so hard that it decreases the quality of the life for the patient. Pursed-lip breathing provides significant health