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Domestic violence policy paper
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Throughout centuries, countries, and cultures women have experienced a form of domestic abuse. Whether it be verbal or physical doesn't make one any less harmful, abhorrent, or excusable than the other. My inquisitiveness about domestic abuse branches from A Streetcar Named Desire, a playwright written by Tennessee Williams, which depicts the abusive relationship of that of Stella Kowalski and Stanley Kowalski's marriage. Although the playwright was published in 1947 and women didn't have equal rights to men during that time period, it doesn't change the fact that women in today's society are still treated less than equal to their dangerous and abusive partners. Women all around the world experience domestic abuse similar to that of Stella …show more content…
"40% to 60% of battered women are abused during pregnancy and 8% of pregnant battered women experience obstetrical complications as a direct result of their abuse" (Jeffrey R. Baker, The Failure, and Promise of Common Law Equity in Domestic Abuse Cases). Pregnancy plays a factor in a battered woman's decision to stay with their abusive partner as it involves the potential well-being of their children and what exactly is best for them. Under the financial stability of an abusive partner, it means that a woman's child (or children) will be able to survive adequately as opposed to a single-parent income that may not be likely to provide structural support for a child's well-being. However, this also means raising a child in a dangerous and unhealthy environment that may not only place a battered woman in danger-but place the safety and well-being of her children in danger, as well. "It is the most common type of violence against women--one in four will experience domestic violence. Every year about 150 people are killed by a partner or former partner. The likelihood of assault is much higher during pregnancy or soon after giving birth" (Elizabeth Lynch, Home is Where the Hate is). Given that Stella and Stanley live in a poverty-stricken …show more content…
Relationships should be equal and safe for both partners—male or female. Through campaigns, organizations, legislation, movements and evidently—people, domestic abuse can decrease in greater amounts today than it did before in order to provide a safe and secure environment for each gender, minority and children to grow up in and create a better world to live in. My research on domestic abuse was not just sparked by reading A Streetcar Named Desire, it was fueled by feminists that have experienced violent abuse themselves, feminists who've voiced equal rights for both genders, and it was inspired by my own personal experiences dealing with domestic abuse. Households living in situations regarding abuse of a loved one or themselves shouldn't have to carry that burden with them for the rest of their life. "There is one universal truth, applicable to all countries, cultures, and communities: violence against women is never acceptable, never excusable, never tolerable" (Ban Ki-Moon, Secretary-General of the United
told Allan "I saw, I know, you disgust me…"( p.96). To Allan, Blanche seemed to
The dawn of the twentieth century beheld changes in almost every aspect of the day-to-day lives of women, from the domestic domain to the public. By the midpoint of the twentieth century, women 's activities and concerns had been recognized by the society in previously male-dominating world. The end of the nineteenth century saw tremendous growth in the suffrage movement in England and the United States, with women struggling to attain political equality. However, this was not to last however, and by the fifties men had reassumed their more dominant role in society. Tennessee Williams wrote A Streetcar Named Desire around the time this reversal was occurring in American society. In this play male dominance is clear. Women are represented as
As women's studies programs have proliferated throughout American universities, feminist "re-readings" of certain classic authors have provided us with the most nonsensical interpretations of these authors' texts. A case in point is that of Kathleen Margaret Lant's interpretation of Tennessee Williams' A Streetcar Named Desire in her essay entitled "A Streetcar Named Misogyny." Throughout the essay, she continually misreads Williams' intention, which of course causes her to misunderstand the play itself. Claiming that the play "has proved vexing to audiences, directors, actors, readers, and critics" (Lant 227), she fails to see that it is she herself who finds the play vexing, because it does not fit nicely into the warped feminist structure she would try to impose upon it.
“Such a woman faces two major obstacles: fear and finance -- fear for her safety and that of her children and a lack of money to support herself or them. The most dangerous time in the life of a battered woman is when she attempts to leave her abuser. Threatened by the loss of control, the batterer is likely to become even more violent and may even try to kill her. There are simply not enough shelters to protect all the women who need them” (1).
Within Tennessee Williams's story about love and abuse within marriage and challenging familial ties, there lie three very different characters that all see the world in vastly different ways. These members of a family that operate completely outside of our generation’s norms, are constantly unsure of themselves and their station within the binary not only of their familial unit, but within the gender binary that is established for them to follow. Throughout the story of the strange family, each character goes through a different arch that changes them irrevocably whether it is able to be perceived or not by those around them. The only male, Stanley is initially the macho force in the home who controls everything without question. He has no consequences for his actions against his wife and is never held accountable for treating the people around him poorly; this lasts until Blanche arrives. Blanche is an outwardly demure, but spirited young woman who after experiencing untold misfortune breaks mentally and decides to no longer care what others may think of her. She lives her life lavishly and foolishly by having dalliances with younger or richer men who shower her with gifts and attention to get sex from her all too willing form. Her effect on Stanley is one of temptation and challenge; she continually tries to convince her sister that she is too good for the man and in turn fosters a resentment for her in him. Stella acts as the antithesis of Stanley and Blanche’s extreme personalities. She is innocence and purity where they are the darkness that threatens to overtake her life. Throughout, Stella is a pawn that they both try to use against the other to no real avail as she is determined to make the best choice for herself. In th...
Like child abuse, it affects every American by impacting those we love the most. Awareness for domestic violence victims has evolved since the beginning of our country. In earlier times, it was a private matter, and took place “behind closed doors”. They helped them past their sufferings and place them back into mainstream culture. (Karmen, 2015) Claims one movement that assisted with the process is the Feminist Movement. This widespread movement took place during the 1970’s, and represented the “beaten women”. It helped them stand up for themselves during their distraught times. Domestic tranquility ensures women their safety at home under their husbands’ protection. The Feminist’s Movement questioned domestic tranquility and urged women to stand up for themselves (Karmen, 2015). They discovered the “silent crisis” that lived inside so many women at the time. The crisis was that the men they married gave into the times of “behind closed doors” and “look the other way”. Those times would stand no more, due to the feminist’s movement and widespread awareness. Laws and legislation have changed since the rediscovery of the victims of domestic violence. One example is restraining orders. Restraining orders set up a level of protection for the women from the male offenders. Another example of legislation is The Violence Against Women Act. Promulgated in 1994 the act mandates that all states enforce protective orders issued in a
Stark (2006) would suggest that thirty years of research has failed to produce a consensus as to what constitutes a case of domestic violence considering that 90% of women who report the abuse have no physical injuries. Methods of coercive control do not meet the criminological viewpoint rather, control extends to financial, emotional, and psychological aspects of subjugating the partner thus no physical violence occurs. If only violent means are reported, then the reported number of victims would perhaps change thus creating a more gender symmetrical pattern. Until operational definitions are defined throughout the disciplines with consistency then there will continue to be discrepancies and opposing views. However, integrative theories of feminist views are being explored which investigate the intersection of not only male dominance as a form of oppression but the use of race, class, national origin, age, sexual orientation, and disability and their impact on intimate partner violence as stated by McPhail and colleagues
During the time period Tennessee Williams, author of the play A Streetcar Named Desire, lived in, men were typically portrayed as leaders of the household. Through Williams' usage of dialogue, specific descriptions of each characters, as well as sound, he illustrates to readers of today's society how differently a man and woman coexisted in the mid-1900s, compared to today. Through the eyes of a topical/historical theorist, who stresses the relationships between the story and the time period it takes place, the distinction between today's society and that of five decades past, can be observed with depth and precision.
More than one in three women in the United States have experienced rape, physical violence, or stalking by an intimate partner in their lifetime (The American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists, 2012). Thirty to sixty percent of perpetrators tend to also abuse children in the household (Edelson, 1999). Witnessing violence between parents or caretakers is considered the strongest risk factor for transmitting violent behavior from one generation to the next (Break the Cycle, 2006). State legislatures are increasingly passing statues that encourage participants in the Criminal Justice System to attack the issue of domestic violence more aggressively. Some states still fail to realize that IPV involving a woman that is pregnant should be considered a felony because it affects the well-being of the unborn child.
Lemmey, D., McFarlane, J., Willson, P., Malecha, A. (2001). Intimate partner violence: mother’s perspectives of effects on their children. The American Journal of Maternal/Child Nursing, 26(2), 98-103.
Cruelty is callous indifference to or pleasure in causing pain and suffering. Throughout the play, A Streetcar Named Desire by Tennessee Williams, there are multiple examples of cruelty. The play takes place in the 1940’s in New Orleans. There are signs of cruelty from scene one all the way through to scene eleven. The level of cruelty accumulates throughout each scene. All through the play, cruelty, would start out as being a snarky comment or so, but by the end, each character has learned more about each other and themselves. Most characters grow while others stay the same. Signs of cruelty are shown throughout scenes two and nine.
Statistical evidence can be used to stress the seriousness of domestic violence and the importance of having women’s shelters dispersed throughout the nation. According to recent surveys, one in every three women will experience domestic violence at some time during her lifetime. Domestic violence is also the leading cause of injury to women, with the abuser usually being a member of her own family. Finally, up to ten million American children witness some type of domestic violence every year (Fantuzzo and Fusco, “Children’s Direct Exposure to Types of Domestic Violence Crime: A Population-based Investigation”). These statistics show that domestic violence is a reality and that the efforts of women’s shelters are not in vain.
Historically, domestic violence was viewed as only involving physical abuse. However, the more contemporary view of domestic violence has come to include not only physical types of abuse; but as well as emotional, sexual, physiological, and economic violence that may be committed
In Tennessee William’s writing of A street car named he is able to create a battle between the powerful and the powerless. This conflict takes form as a struggle between men and women. It illuminates a situation in which the privileges of the powerful and the powerless are clearly seen and defined. Due to the play taking place in the 50s, the dynamic between men and women in relationships was quite different than our current decades. Women could be perceived as the powerless group being manipulated by the powerful.
Gender-based violence has been recognized as a large public health problem as well as a violation of human rights worldwide. One out of three women has been beaten, coerced into sex, or abused in another way at least once in her life (www.infoforhealth.org). The abuser is usually a member of the family, introducing the difficult problem in that the abuse usually happens behind closed doors, and is often viewed by cultural norms and legal systems as a family matter rather than a crime.