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Art & music in the baroque period
Essay on baroque music period
Essay on the baroque era in music
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The Baroque era was a period of development and innovation in the field of music. Give a detailed description of three music genres that developed during this time period. Describe the stylistic characteristics of these new Baroque music genres as well as the names of composers and titles of compositions that represent them. The Baroque genres you can write about include opera, oratorio, cantata, organ chorale, concerto, and concerto Grosso.
Concerto Grosso, is a common genre of orchestra of the Baroque timeframe (c.1600-c.1750), this style of music characterized by soloists and the orchestra. Some early works from the Concerto Grosso reflect the locations where they played. Examples include concerto da
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Opera is performed in a dramatic fashion by musicians and singers alike. Opera combines text as well as a musical score that will normally take place in a theater. Traditional opera, there are multiple types of singing which include recitative and arias. Opera has many parts that make it popular amongst an audience. Opera can include acting, scenery, costumes and will sometimes include a dance component. Composers of the Opera/Baroque era did more to be more concise in their scores. More so then composers of music prior to this era. Utilizing instruments that paired well with each scene of the opera catering to the emotional tone of the performance. A time progressed individual instruments were becoming more modern and carried distinct but favorable sounds to accompany the opera. Opera of the Baroque era was greatly influenced in many ways both musically as well as non-musically. Opera began to rise in the latter stages of the 16th century, it was derived from a previous style of Italian music where an individual vocalist recited the primary melody while “background singers” or “musicians” accompanied the main vocalist with cohesive melodies or tones. A story in an Opera would include multiple songs performed in a manner which aligned with the tone or nature of the story. Concurrently, Roman and Greek literature was increasingly becoming more popular during the Renaissance. This led to the rejuvenation of classic Greek drama that included musical elements. The first piece of Opera that is widely considered to be an Opera was Daphne. Daphne, composed by Jacob Peri c.1597. This came during the transition of the Baroque era. Claudio Monteverdi, the firs composer of Baroque era opera composed L’Orfeo in 1607 which at the time was his first
With the rejection of complicated Baroque style of music, the classical era came about. The idea of simpler music would appeal to a broader audience, thus making the classical era more popular. The change was not sudden; rather, the Rococo style was like a transition period. Carl Philipp Emanuel Bach was an important character in the changing of styles. The Rococo style was known as an expressive or sensitive style. Baroque music usually remained in the same mood throughout a piece, whereas this new style would sometimes change moods abruptly with highly contrasting ideas. The use of ornaments in music gradually went out with the complicated baroque music. Simpler, more original melodies emerged with this new style. During the Baroque era, instrumental music and vocal music were equally important. This contrasts the Classical era where instrumental music was more prominent than vocal.
As the late Baroque period morphed into the new period known as the classical period, technological advances and new compositional techniques and ideas created new opportunities for the musicians of the period. The changes allowed for new performance techniques, forms, performance venues, and newly available compositional orchestrations to be improved and evolved into something new and improved for the new period.
This book by John Rupert Martin is a good introductory book in the understanding of Baroque artists and their tremendous variety. Martin defines the Baroque characteristics, but only very broadly leaving a significant amount of room for the reader to make his own deductions. In general, Martin believes that the typical definitions of the Baroque are "too restrictive and hence likely to create more problems of classification and interpretation than it solves." Even the time of the Baroque is left open to the reader when Martin says the Baroque is roughly comprehended by the seventeenth century. It is important to note at the outset that this is only a convenient approximation; for epoch as a whole can certainly not be fitted into such a strait-jacket." This helps to define the Baroque much more generally as a gradual change which can much easily be noticed from the present than the past.
Perrin, a French composer, introduced opera around this time and Lully thought it was absurd. However, when Perrin’s “Promone” succeeded, Lully changed his mind. Perrin ended up in prison over a money dispute and Lully bought the opera patent from him. This gave him complete control of French operatic performances. Then in 1673 Molière died and the King granted the patent for the Royal Theater to Lylly also. Lully’s new operatic style grew out of his popular ballets. He kept the overture, entry music for the dancers, atmosphere and action symphonies, and some of the dances themselv...
The Baroque style of music was in prominence from the beginning of the 17th century until the mid-18th century. Some primary features of this style, particularly in the later years, include an emphasis on polyphonic textures and a continuity throughout the entire piece. Most compositions were created for specific events and sometimes written for particular instruments. (Kamien, 2015). The Trumpet Concerto for 2 Trumpets, composed by Antonio Vivaldi, is one example of these late Baroque style compositions and one we can use to analyze: the common elements, the overall effect, and the composer’s possible perspective.
From the Early Renaissance to the High Renaissance, there was a movement from vocal music to a combination of vocal and instrumental music (Brown, 1976). There are seven categories of instrumental music: 1) vocal music played by instruments, 2) settings of pre-existing melodies, 3) variation sets, 4) ricercars, fantasias, and canzonas, 5) preludes, preambles, and toccatas for solo instruments, 6) dance music, and 7) songs composed specifically for lute and solo voice (Brown, 1976). Italy dominated the stage for instrumental music at this time, and it was not until the last decades of the sixteenth century that English instrumental music became popular (Brow...
Baroque era covers the period between 1600 and 1750 beginning with Monte Verdi (birth of opera) and ended with deaths of Bach and Handel. The term baroque music is borrowed from the art history. It follows the Renaissance era (1400-1600). It was initially considered to be a corrupt way of Renaissance by conservatives. The dominant trends in Baroque music correspond to those in Baroque art and literature. Some features of Baroque art included a sense of movement, energy, and tension (whether real or implied). Strong contrasts of light and shadow enhance the effects of paintings and sculptures. Opera is one of the types of music in the Baroque era. It represented melodic freedom. Baroque era was usually referred to as the thorough-bass period. In early Baroque era no tonal direction existed, but experiments in pre-tonal harmony led to the creation of tonality. [1] Baroque genre included instrumental suite, ritornello, Concerto grosso and chant. There were important composers of the Baroque period such as Johann Sebastian Bach, George Frideric Handel, Antonio Vivaldi William Byrd Henry Purcell and George Phillip Telemann. Starting in northern Italy, the hierarchical state -- led by either the urban bourgeoisie or despotic nobles -- replaced the fluid and chaotic feudal system of the middle Ages. [2] For this reason, some historians refer to the Renaissance as the Early Modern Era. Sculptors, building on the techniques of artists such as Giovanni Bernini (1598-1680), found ways to create the illusion of energetic and even violent movement in their works. Painters created larger and more crowded canvases. Virtuosity was used in all the arts. The arts became an important measure of learning and culture. Music moved from the science of number to an expressive art viewed as an equal to rhetoric.
Opera in the Romantic Period was a time when opera changed drastically, especially in the country of Italy. The recognition of singers as being important, almost irreplaceable, in the art of “bel canto” opera changed the idea of a vocalist in opera forever. A singer’s voice was prized and Italian composers, like Rossini, Donizetti, and Bellini, wrote operas and works to showcase the voice, it’s color, range and agility. These Italian composers were moving away from the normal style of composition of the time, and the composer Rossini, who set the stage for many other followers. Many of the operas written during this time are still performed today and are highly acclaimed.
“Music” as defined by the Oxford Dictionary, is “vocal or instrumental sounds combined in such a way as to produce the beauty of form, harmony, and expression of emotion.” Emotion, and the treatment of emotion, is indubitably an important aspect of music from all eras, but the manner in which emotion is expressed, has changed over time. Throughout the Baroque period (c. 1600 – 1750) musicians attempted to cause a specific extreme emotion in the listener, while during the Classical period (c. 1750-1825) composers sought to produce a balance of emotions. Due to philosophical and artistic movements that occurred, emotion, a critical element of music, was conveyed differently between the Baroque and Classical periods. Baroque music is characterized by its development of tonality, elaborate use of ornamentation, application of figured bass, and the expression of single affections.
During the nineteenth century, opera stories most of the time had a theme of passion and romance. That is one of the reasons that this century is also called the Romantic Era. What is an opera? Opera is a theatrical work that is set to music for people to sing. People that sing regular music probably never tried to sing opera because the singers never had a microphone to use and the opera houses that they did the operas in were big
Sartorius, Michael. Baroque Music Perormance: "Authentic" or "Traditional": A discussion of the essential issues involved. Ed. Micahel Sartorius. n.dat. Baroque Music Pages. [17 October 2003] .
...t they are because the Baroque period encompasses so many different types of art with very few similarities. These religious, political, and socio-economic aspects, along with many others, facilitated the breadth of Baroque art. Baroque art can range from the theatrical, dramatic, and ornate to the simple and monochromatic, simply based on the artist, the commissioner, and the context. Baroque art varies so greatly because it encompasses so many countries and areas in one small time frame. While the countries included in the Baroque label share many qualities and characteristics, each is different and was working through its own setbacks and successes. Because the failures and successes varied from country to country, so did the art as each country chose to represent this time period in a way that they felt would preserve their ideals for future generations.
Other societal practice during romanticism is the Romantic Opera. In comparison to the classical and baroque opera, romantic opera has a continuous flow of music in each scene and soon, people pay less attention to tenors and pays equal attention to choruses. To name a few of many composers for romantic operas, Wagner and Bizet are known for their works for romantic opera during the romantic era. Romantic music is also influenced by folk music, tunes, rhythms and themes as many romantic composers wrote nationalist music, which is inspired from folk dances and songs, during the romantic period (http://absoluteastronomy.com). Another factor that contributed to romantic music in defining its traits is the instrumentation.
Operas in this genre were based on stories from the Classical mythology and would have five acts. Each of the five acts would open with an aria in which the main character would express their feelings, followed by a dialogue in recitative mixed with short arias. The Italian opera at that time was moving towards opera seria, with da capo airs and an alternating recitative. Lully, however, put the focus on drama. He combined the recitatives and arias for dramatic effect and made the arias short and melodically simple.
v) A chorus is used to make comments on the action and generate atmosphere. This is usually sung by many characters like sailors, peasants, prisoners and other side characters. 4. Opera was first introduced in Italy in about 1600s but it first started and was very successful around 1597.