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Essay on bacterial vaginosis
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Bacterial Vaginosis is a common condition. It is the most frequent vaginal complaint in women and young girls age 14 to 44. My research shows that approximately 29% of women in the US are disturbed by bacterial vaginosiis..It is found in about 25% of pregnant women in the US and approximately 60% of women who have an STD. Bacterial vagnios produces a discharge, from an excessive unusual bacteria in the vagina. In the past, the condition was called gardneralla vaginitis, after the bacteria that was thought to cause the infection. Now it is called bacterial vaginosis, reflecting the fact that there are a number of bacteria that naturally live in the vaginal area and may grow out of control. The gardnerella pathogen is not the only villain …show more content…
causing the diagnostics. When these different categories of bacteria become unstable, a woman can have a vaginal secretion with a vile odor. Bacterial vaginosis is not serious, but it can cause alarming symptoms. Any woman with an unusual discharge, which can be yellowish or whitish should be assessed so that more serious infections such as, chlamydia and gonorrhea can be ruled out. Symptoms may also resemble those found in a yeast infection of the vagina and trichomoniasis a STD, these conditions must also be eliminated in woman with vaginal symptoms. (Toppler M.C, (September 29, 2014) Bacterial bagnios Retrieved from www.medcinenet come/bacterial _vagnosis) Infection and Causes Researchers have a difficulty determining exactly what causes bacterial vagnios. At present, it seems to be a mixture of multiple bacteria must be blended together for the trouble to cultivate. Bacterial vaginosis usually features a decrease in the number of normal hydrogen peroxide producing lactobacilli in the vagina. Instantaneously, there is an increase in the concentration of the other types of bacteria, especially anaerobic bacteria. As a result the diagnosis and analysis are not as simple as identify and eradicating a single bacteria. Squamous bacteria cells of BV Symptoms and Treatments While most cases of bacterial vaginosis may dissipate on their own, it suggested that medical treatment be given if an infection is indicated.
If you are pregnant to avoid the development of complications. The most bothersome symptom of a bacterial infection is, vaginal discharge and the presence of a pungent odor after sex. Women may also notice the presence of these symptoms while urinating or while performing personal hygiene routines. Antibiotics are the recommend treatment for bacterial vaginosis. A few antibiotic remedies are used and include, metronidazole taking oral or vaginally and imidazole an antibiotic that has shown to be successful in treating bacterial vaginosis, and may have less side effects than metronidazole. The reappearance of bacterial vaginosis is possible, even after successful treatment. More than half of those treated experience a repeat in symptoms within 12 months. It is unclear why so many recurrences of the infection develop. With a present of symptoms, a second course of antibiotic is generally prescribed. Bacterial vaginosis should be treated with antibiotics. There have been no effective home remedies, shown that can treat this condition. However, the use of hydrogen peroxide and probiotic has been attempted in the treatment of bacterial vaginosis, but the results have been contradictory and do not show a clear
benefit. Prevention Because the causes and development of bacterial vaginosis are poorly understood, it can be difficult to take measures to prevent it from occurring. Reducing certain risk factors, such as restricting the number of sex partners, wearing non latex condoms during sex, not smoking, avoid vaginal douching, and taking all medication as directed when being treated for bacterial vagnios, can help reduce the risk of developing of the infection.(Bacterial Vaginios, Causes, Treatment-What is the…(n.d.) Retrieved from http://www.medicenet.com/bacterial_vaginosis_causes _symptoms.) Facts and Myths Bacterial vaginosis refers to the vigorous growth of bacteria’s. Which are present in a vagina and is not an STD. The infection if it travels can seriously damage the reproductive organs, leading to miscarriage and premature births. It can also lead to PID in some women after a hysterectomy and other gynecological procedures. It is not possible to contract the infection from toilet seat, swimming pools, hot tubs or touching contaminate objects. However, douching, feminine hygiene sprays, harsh soaps with a lot of perfumes can throw of the pH. In the vagina leading to an infection. Wearing tight clothing does not cause bacterial vaginosis, but avoid clothing, underwear and pantyhose that do not have a cotton crotch. You should also limit your sexual partners and wear condoms to lower your risk of a bacterial infection. Another way you can prevent bacterial infection is wiping, from front to back (away from the vagina after bowel movements, to avoid spreading bacteria from the rectum to the vagina) Lastly, you can really reduce your chances of getting a bacterial vaginosis, by choosing not to use the Mirena IDU as your birth control. Why? Because it’s a good place for that bad bacteria to live and breed. This device can stay in the vagina for at least five years. Making it a perfect place for bacteria to growth and get out of control. Therefore, following the suggestion that I have mentioned women should be able to detect if they have a bacterial infection, and seek the proper medical care to cure it. This should prevent future complications later on down the line. (TopplerMC (September29) Bacterial Vaginosis Retrieved from www.medcinenet.com /bacterial vaginsios) Works Cited Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Retrieved September 29, 2014 from http:// www.gov/std/hv/default.htn. Jeffery D Klaussner, MD, Edward W. Hook III MD (2007). Current Diagnosis& Treatment of Sexually Transmitted Diseases. 2007 Retrieved October 08, 2014 from access medicine MH medical.com/ context.aspx? Booked= 3698§ioned=3914774.Chapter 1 section II Etheric JS. Clark DS; Slater ED (2014) Disease Screening. In Esherherick J.S. Clark D.S. Slater End, (Ends) Current Practice Guideline in Primary Care 2014 Retrieved October 08, 2014 From http:// access medicine.mh medical/com context asp? Booked =9258 Section= 52961735, National institutes of Health up to date information on HV; Retrieved September 29, from http://wwwn/n go fact sheets/hvnt.htt Toppler M.C (September29) Bacterial Vaginosis. Retrieved from www.mediencenet.com/bacterial_vagnosis Bacterial Vagnosis, Causes, Treatment-What is the… (n.d.) Retrieved from http:www.medicenet.com /bacterial_vaginosis_causes_symptoms.
Although harmless to most adults, pregnant women may experience health problems associated with these bacteria, which can cause:
Enterococcus faecalis is a genus of gram positive cocci and form short chains or are arranged in pairs. They are nonmotile, facultative anaerobic organisms and can survive in harsh conditions in nature. There are over 15 species of the Enterococcus genus but about 90% of clinical isolates are E. faecalis. E. faecalis is a nosocomial pathogen because it is commonly found in the hospital environment and can cause life-threatening infections in humans. It is a bacterium that normally inhabits the intestinal tract in humans and animals but when found in other body locations it can cause serious infections. The most common sites for E. faecalis infections are the heart, bloodstream, urinary tract, and skin wounds. Due to vancomycin-resistant Enterococci, many antibiotics have been shown ineffective in the treatment. In this paper, I will describe the ecology and pathology of E. faecalis; the antibacterial resistance; treatment; and, what you can do to prevent Enterococcus infection.
Meanwhile, a study made by Palmer found that inhaled antibiotics used as adjunct to systemic antibiotic therapy has proven to improve the clinical outcome of patients with MDR VAP (6). The study also showed a direct relationship between antibiotic resistance with the se of systematic antibiotics. Aerosolized antibiotic used in this study that are proven to be effective are: amikacin, colistin, ceftazidime, gentamicin, tobramycin, sisomycin, and yancomycin.
Herpes Simplex is a common virus that causes infection in humans. This virus is spread in both humans and animals. However, humans are the primary reservoirs for HSV and are the only ones that experience any symptoms. There are two types of Herpes Simplex known as HSV-1 and HSV-2. HSV-1 primarily causes oral herpes while HSV-2 causes genital herpes.1 This virus is easily contracted and often during one’s childhood. Unfortunately, this virus is latent and reoccurs every so often, more so during times of stress. Herpes Simplex is a mild infection for most, however, this virus can lead to many serious complications.
Legionnaires’ disease is an infectious disease caused most often by the bacteria Legionella pneumophila (L. pneumophila). The disease resembles severe pneumonia. Legionnaires’ disease is sometimes called “Legion Fever.” It was first discovered in 1976 when there was a pneumonia outbreak among people attending a convention of the American Legion in Philidelphia. In January of 1977 the bacteria was discovered as the causative agent of the outbreak. While outbreaks receive substantial media attention, thousands of people are exposed to the bacteria each year and never have any serious signs or symptoms of the disease. The elderly, immunocompromised and smokers are the most susceptible. Most outbreaks that do occur are in the summer when water temperatures naturally rise. Fatality rate of the disease ranges from 5 to 30 percent (The Mayo Clinic, 2008).
Gonorrhea in women can cause vaginal discharges that are bloody or yellow, painful urination, bleeding between periods, excessive bleeding during menstrual periods, painful intercourse, and lower abdominal pain. Symptoms of rectal infection include discharge, anal itching, and occasional painful bowel movements with fresh blood in the feces. When treated early, there are no long-term consequences of gonorrhea. Doctors usually prescribe a combination of antibiotics, such as ceftriaxone, doxycycline, or azithromycin, which will treat both diseases. Serious complications can occur, however, when left untreated.
Tuberculosis or TB is an airborn infection caused by inhaled droplets that contain mycobacterium tuberculosis. When infected, the body will initiate a cell-mediated hypersensitivity response which leads to formation of lesion or cavity and positive reaction to tuberculin skin test (Kaufman, 2011). People who have been infected with mycobacteria will have a positive skin test, but only ones who have active TB will show signs and symtoms. Basic signs and symptoms include low grade fever, cough with hemoptysis, and tachypnea. They may also show pleuristic chest pain, dyspnea, progressive weight loss, fatigue and malaise (Porth, 2011).
The fishy odor associated with bacterial vaginosis is the product of amines from anaerobic (Hainer & Gibson, 2011). The odor associated with bacterial vaginosis is more prominent when there is an increase in vaginal pH, which mostly occurs after sexual intercourse when semen is present in the vagina, as well as during menstrual cycle (Hainer & Gibson, 2011). In comparison to many other vaginal infections, bacterial vaginosis is not associated with inflammation of the vaginal mucosal and/or vulvar itch (Hainer & Gibson, 2011).
Another early complication is infection. Some causative organisms of infection are skin flora and colonic flora. Colonic flora are caused by the dirty environment of the diaper. Most infections can be prevented with good hygiene procedures, including local wound care. Good hygiene includes washing hands prior to and after changing baby’s diaper. Wound care includes thoroughly cleaning the penis and an application of antibiotic ointment with each diaper change. Severe infections including necrotizing fasciitis, have been reported as
Bacterial vaginosis is one of the major contributors of vaginal infections during pregnancy and accounts for 40 percent of these cases. Generally, bacterial vaginosis is associated with several obstretic complications like pre-term labor and delivery, untimely rupture of membranes, postpartum endometrisis, and chorioamnionitis (Wang et. al., 2010, p.444). Metronidazole has traditionally been used as the drug of choice in the treatment of bacterial vaginosis because it is an agent of the nitroimidazole antibiotic family. This drug has been used for several decades because it efficiency in treating the condition ranges between 80 and 90 percent and can be administered across all pregnancy stages while tolerated by pregnant women. The ability of the drug to achieve the high levels of efficacy is attributed to the fact that it can be found in the cord blood, fetal tissue, and amniotic fluid in high concentrations.
Pyometra is defined as the collection of pus in the uterine cavity. The main cause of pyometra is cervical canal occlusion usually secondary to carcinoma cervix; however, other benign causes are endometrial polyp, leiomyoma, infection especially senile cervicitis, a forgotten intrauterine device, cervical occlusion after surgery, and radiation . The usual presentation of pyometra is a whitish discharge per vaginum. Sometimes the patients may present with the clinical triad of abdominal pain, purulent vaginal discharge, and postmenopausal bleeding. Nearly more than 50% of nonperforated pyometra patients are asymptomatic [4]. The most frequent preoperative diagnosis are generalized peritonitis, pneumoperitoneum and perforated gastrointestinal (GI) tract [5].
...lomavirus (HPV), pelvic inflammatory disease, syphilis, trichomoniasis, vaginal infections, and other sexually transmitted diseases (STDs), including recent facts about prevalence, risk factors, diagnosis, treatment, and prevention : along with tips on discussing and living with STDs, updates on current research and vaccines, a glossary of related terms, and resources for additional help and information (4th ed.). Detroit, MI: Omnigraphics.
... family members on the dangers of GAS and other microbial infection during and after pregnancy.
Microbes are microscopic life forms, usually too small to be seen by the naked eye. Although many microbes are single-celled, there are also numerous multi-cellular organisms. The human body has 10-100 trillion microbes living on it, making it one giant super-organism. Since the first link between microbes and diseases was made, people have been advised to wash their hands. Scientists, however, have recently started to investigate more closely how the microbes that call the human body home affect our health. While some microbes cause disease, others are more beneficial, working with our bodies in many subtle ways.
An obstetrician is one thing, and a gynecologist is another. The job is combined together, but the two branches can be worked separately. An obstetrician is a physician who focuses and is trained in the management of pregnancy, labor, and pueperium (the period following childbirth). A physician who has specialized and trained in the health of the female reproductive system is a gynecologist. The reason the jobs are combined is because they’re both all about women. Obstetricians and Gynecologists are physicians who provide general medical care to women. They equip medical care associated with pregnancy or childbirth, and they diagnose, treat, and help prevent diseases, especially those affecting the female