Wait a second!
More handpicked essays just for you.
More handpicked essays just for you.
Studying gender roles in literature
Gender issues in literature
Apa itu sexuality in literature
Don’t take our word for it - see why 10 million students trust us with their essay needs.
Recommended: Studying gender roles in literature
Introduction
My dissertation is a translation and commentary of a Chinese novel with homosexual and cultural elements. By drawing readers’ attention to the foreign elements in source text (ST) and giving a realistic depiction of Chinese homosexuals in source context, I intend to introduce Chinese culture to readers and allow them to have a glimpse about the life of homosexuals in China to raise their understandings towards homosexual issues. Therefore, the focus of my translation will be the representation of a homosexual character and the depiction of Chinese culture in the book.
I will be translating from a gender perspective. Lots of work has been made in discussing the role of gender in translation. However, most researchers focus on feminist translation and there are few studies about LGBT (lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender) and their translations. Furthermore, due to the media censorship of materials containing homosexual content in China, support and information in this field are scarce and it posts difficulties for further research. I hope that despite introducing foreign culture and increasing knowledge and gender-awareness of readers, my dissertation can also contribute useful data to homosexual study and translation, thereby spur further research in this area.
Material & Scope
The ST I have selected is a Chinese novel called “Ba Wang Bie Ji” (Li, 1992), also known as Farewell My Concubine, written by a Hong Kong novelist Li Bi-Hua. The story presents the lives of two performers of Peking Opera and their complicated relationship at a time of political upheaval in China. The title of the book was borrowed from a Peking Opera play based on the historical tale where Hegemon-King Xiang Yu asked his favorite concubine...
... middle of paper ...
...mme pratique de réécriture au féminin]. Montreal: Editions du Remue-menage.
Leech, G. N. 1969. A linguistic guide to English poetry. Harlow: Longmans.
Li, B. 1992. Ba wang bie ji. [BT:霸王別姬] Taipei: Crown Publishers.
Li, B. and Lingenfelter, A. 1993. Farewell to my concubine. New York: Morrow.
Liu, D. and Lu, G. 2005. Research in Chinese homosexuals. [BT: 中國同性戀研究] Beijing: China Society Press.
Mahasweta Devi and Spivak, G. C. 1997. Breast stories. Calcutta: Seagull Books.
Massardier-Kenney, F. (1997) Towards a redefinition of feminist translation practice,
The Translator, 3(1), pp. 55–69.
Mukarovsky, J. 1964. Standard language and poetic language. A Prague School reader on esthetics, literary structure, and style, pp. 17--30.
Simon, S. 1996. Gender in translation. London and New York: Routledge.
Spivak, G. C. 1993. Outside in the teaching machine. New York: Routledge.
... Works Cited Everett, Nicholas. From The Oxford Companion to Twentieth-century Poetry in English. Ed. Ian Hamilton.
Diction plays a critical role in the development of the tone in a story. The type of words the author uses directly leads to the tone of the entire literary work. If ...
McDougall, Bonnie. "Problems and Possibilities in Translating Contemporary Chinese Literature." The Australian Journal of Chinese Affairs (1991): 37-67.
..., 1979. Illinois: From Papers on Language & Literature 15, no. 3. © 1979 by the Board of Trustees of Southern Illinois University, 1979. Print. .
Hill, Jane H., P. J. Mistry, and Lyle Campbell. The Life of Language: Papers in Linguistics in Honor of William Bright. Berlin [etc.: Mouton De Gruyter, 1998. Print.
And Crake." Papers On Language & Literature 41.2 (2005): 170-195. Academic Search Complete. Web. 1
Rice, Philip. and Patricia Waugh, eds. Modern Literary Theory. 4th ed. New York: Oxford UP,
“The Bridegroom” by Ha Jin, is a short story about a man struggling with homosexuality in modern day China. The narrator, Old Chang, is the non-biological father of a young woman named Beina. Old Change promised to take care of Beina after her father, a close family friend, passed away. Beina then gets married to a very handsome man named Huang Baowen. Baowen quickly becomes the focus of this story. The climax of this short story is Baowen being revealed as a homosexual. This short story highlights Jin’s theme of homosexuality and shows the internal and external struggles of both Baowen and Old Cheng, through first person narrative, setting, and emotional appeal.
They are not typically sexualized, and are often thought of as “’not quite real men’ because they fail the (Western) test of masculinity” (Louie 9). Unlike the typical Western macho man, Chinese men often do not have facial hair, have very soft and delicate looking skin, slim bodies, and tend to appear very young. These qualities can relate to more of the female characteristics exhibited in many other cultures. Perhaps a reason why Chinese men tend to be softer looking is “a result and an indication of sophisticated cultural tastes in art and literature” (Law 41). This can be tied back to the traditional wen-wu masculinity of how being scholarly and well educated was highly valued. Being sexualized has never been a very prominent factor within the Chinese masculinity. The highly respected quality of having excellent self-control reiterates to men that they should control their sexual desires and urges. It once again is the very opposite of the Western idea that men cannot control themselves, and that women have to always be on the defense as a result. To exhibit that one could have the most self-control, there was the concept that during sex it was often considered a “battle with the ultimate goal being the ability to withhold an orgasm while making the other partner orgasm” (Law 7). Chinese masculinity and integrity focused more on the ability to control sexual desires rather than the person one was having sex with. This can account how up until recent times, it did not matter all that much whether or not a person was in a homosexual relationship. Nowadays, however, homosexuality is not widely accepted in China. It can be determined from all this, that masculinity lies in the capability to control oneself rather than being blatantly sexually
... SparkNotes.com - a SparkNotes.com site SparkNotes - n.d. Web. The Web. The Web. 29 Apr. 2014. The 'Standard' of the 'Standard
Cerjak ,The English Journal, Vol. 76, No. 5 (Sep., 1987), pp. 55-57 Published by: National Council of Teachers of English
“The unprecedented growth of the gay community in recent history has transformed our culture and consciousness, creating radically new possibilities for people to ‘come out’ and live more openly as homosexuals”(Herdt 2). Before the 1969 Stonewall riot in New York, homosexuality was a taboo subject. Research concerning homosexuality emphasized the etiology, treatment, and psychological adjustment of homosexuals. Times have changed since 1969. Homosexuals have gained great attention in arts, entertainment, media, and politics. Yesterday’s research on homosexuality has expanded to include trying to understand the different experiences and situations of homosexuals (Ben-Ari 89-90).
Halwani, Raja, Gary Jaeger, James Stramel, Richard Nunan, William Wilkerson, and Timothy Murphy. What Is Gay and Lesbian Philosophy? 2008. MS. Oxford, UK. San Diego Mesa College Academic Databases. Web. 10 Oct. 2011. .
There are different gender identities such as male, female, gay, lesbian, transgender, and bisexual that exist all around the world. There is inequality in gender identities and dominance of males regardless of which sexuality they fall under. The males are superior over the females and gays superior over the lesbians, however it is different depending on the place and circumstances. This paper will look at the gender roles and stereotypes, social policy, and homosexuality from a modern and traditional society perspective. The three different areas will be compared by the two different societies to understand how much change has occurred and whether or not anything has really changed.
Vrangalova, Z., & Savin-Williams, R. C. (2012). Mostly heterosexual and mostly gay/lesbian: Evidence for new sexual orientation identities. Archives of Sexual Behavior, 41, 85-101. doi: 10.1007/s10505- 012-9921-y.