vFebruary 20th, 1959, also known as “Black Friday” was the day that the short lived Avro Arrow project came to an end. The Avro Arrow was a supersonic interceptor which was Canada’s response to the Cold War threat from Russia attacking the North American continent.
The cancellation of the Avro Arrow is still a controversial topic today, as the Canadian government had a short term view versus a long-term horizon. Even though, the aircraft was far superior to enemy countries, John Diefenbaker and the Canadian government expressed that the program was too expensive and that the technology of conventional fighter planes was obsolete compared to ballistic missiles. “As a result, the Canadian government decided to cancel the project, ordering Avro
…show more content…
Avro Canada had a team of top-notch engineers, which they assembled from across Canada and around the world. “The project employed 47,000 people, either at Avro itself, its sister plant Orenda Engines, or among its thirty major suppliers and 650 subcontractors.” Many of these employees lived in Peel, Dufferin, or the surrounding region. At the time, it was estimated that a quarter of the workforce in the city of Brampton was employed in some way by Avro …show more content…
The total population of Brampton at this time was about 14,500 people. That means that around 3625 workers that lived in Brampton were left without a job. The cancellation induced a severe blow to the Canadian aviation industry that is still felt today. As a result, Avro Canada, the main company the Avro Arrow was produced from, has never reopened since the cancellation on February 20th, 1959. The total price of the Avro Arrow was $347,669,537 including termination costs. Which was the main reason why the project was cancelled. It was too expensive. The Canadian government used price as an excuse to terminate the Arrow rather than investing the money into to something that would be record breaking. If the government did not have a short term view on this project the economy would not have been depleted, the Avro Arrow may still have an influence on the aviation industry, as well as Avro Canada may still be running today. “Perhaps the most difficult adjustment to be made by the unemployed aircraft workers involves the fact that they were living in what proved to be a false economy.” Hence, it the wrong time and decision to cancel the Avro Arrow because of the impact it had on the economy as well as the loss of
Many Air Defense units today have a long history that runs deep with accolades and awards. One of these units is 3-4-ADAR. Third Battalion (Bn.) Fourth Air Defense Artillery Regiment (3-4 ADAR) is the most decorated Air Defense unit in the world. The Air Defense Branch is a relatively young branch by comparison. The ADA Branch originates from the Field Artillery Branch. AD did not become a branch of its own until technology advances made it necessary for a change. As plains started becoming a part of combat, the more need there was for AD. Our branch became its own, as air superiority became the deciding factor in winning wars.
"In early 2000 Air Canada along with entire airline industry faced huge loss due to the high global economic downturn. With slow travel outstanding to the downturn and September 2011 incident the airline industry was hit extremely hard. Air Canada consequently posted net losses of $1.32 billion in 2001 and $828 million in 2002. Furthermore, with the spread for SARS disease Air Canada’s Asian route got effected
After the Arrow was cancelled, the Canadian aerospace industry had a setback for a few years. Many people working with Avro had left. "Experts, such as Jim Floyd, left for projects in other countries...welcomed with open arms at aerospace companies in the United Sates and England."(Dixon Joan 36) Avro tried other projects like the Avrocar, which started the hovercraft technology, unfortunately Avro had to be shut down in 1962.
In 1871, Macdonald promised that the CPR would be completed in ten years’ time. This was ultimately unsuccessful, but by 1882, construction was put into high gear and was completed by 1885. While the construction of the CPR saw many benefits including creating a link to western Canada which aided in expansion, it was also a key player in the stagnation of the maritime provinces. A key purpose of the CPR was importing resources from the west to the heartland and exporting it to be sold back to the west. Therefore, there wasn’t much economic incentive to be seen in provinces like Prince Edward Island, Nova Scotia and New Brunswick. In fact, it was of economic strain to the Maritimes because they still had to play a part in financing it with their tax dollars. In addition, the fact that the CPR only ran from east to west and back, further discouraging trade between the United States and the maritime
Even though they were still in the middle of the Cold War, Russia and America were able to somewhat civilly make an equal agreement. The Soviets and Fidel Castro would remain allies, but would remove all missiles placed there prior, under the circumstances that America would lift the blockade and never invade Cuba. War was avoided, and America was proven to be the superior superpower since Russia backed down and retreated. It took nearly two weeks to solve this possible worldwide, life threatening crisis. During these thirteen days, President Kennedy proved that he wasn’t a weak, cowardly leader, and that he would take a stand in order to protect his people – showing the world that America wouldn’t just sit and let something happen, they would take action.
Tragedy hit the docks of Everett, Washington, Sunday November 5, 1916 which would be known as “Bloody Sunday.” On November 5, 1916 the Everett Massacre was the culmination of labor trouble which had been brewing for months. It was one of the bloodiest single episodes of labor-related violence in the Pacific Northwest.
Just as quickly as MiG were appearing so to were Surface-to-Air Missiles (SAM), early warning radar, and anti-aircraft artillery (AAA). In fact, approximately 68% of all American aircraft losses were the result of AAA (Momymer, 1980). AAA was a familiar and expected system as seen in World War II and the Korean War. What was not anticipated was the threat from SAMs. After the first aircraft was lost to a SAM in 1965, the US quickly ramped up aircraft defenses with modern countermeasures. This greatly reduced the effectiveness of SAMs despite them remaining a prominent air defense
When the attacks of September 11th occurred, the federal government had to completely close down some airports in the US. This created a negative effect on the industry as it was a shock to their entire organization. Planes in the US and around the world were canceled due to this attack as well. Planes were not flying anywhere, as the plan was to prevent any other attack. Each plane that was cancelled had to be paid by the airline company directly. According to the International Air Transport Association there was a drastic change in the amount of flights between the date before and after the event. Around 37,600 less flights flew the day after the attack had occurred. The number of flights dramatically decreased in those three days; in addition every...
Air Canada was also faced with many hard to make decisions. They turned to the Canadian government and asked for financial assistance. The Problem Solving Method will be examined to determine how the government came to the decision of actually granting Air Canada some assistance.
Black Friday was a day set forth initially to help the economy rise back up. Around this time of the
On Thursday, October 24th, 1929, people began to sell their stocks as fast as they could. Sell orders flooded the market exchanges. (1929…) This day became known as Black Thursday. (Black Thursday…) On a normal day, only 750-800 members of the New York Stock Exchange started the exchange. (1929…) There were 1100 members on the floor for the morning opening. (1929…) Furthermore, the exchange directed all employees to be on the floor since there were numerous margin calls and sell orders placed overnight. Extra telephone staff was also arranged at the member’s boxes around the floor. (1929…) The Dow Jones Average closed at 299 that day. (1929…)
However, in 1929 when stocks had soared to an all-time high, in September they plummeted. This day in history is known as Black Thursday and is remembered as the Wall Street Crash of 29. The crash hit people's interests hard. and Americans all over lost a lot of money. Banks had to spend all of the money they had on regaining the economy, and agricultural needs.
The black Tuesday, October 29th, 1929 has been identified as the symbol of the Great Depression. Stock holders lost 14 billion dollars on a single day trade, and more than 30 billion lose in that week, which was 10 times more than the annual budget of the Federal government.[ [documentary] 1929 Wall Street Stock Market Crash
...e stock market crash of 1929, Black Tuesday. Black Wednesday was used to refer to a day of widespread air traffic snarls in 1954 as well as the day the British government was forced to withdraw a battered pound from the European Exchange Rate Mechanism in 1992. Black Thursday has variously been used for days of devastating brush fires, bombings and athletic defeats, among other unpleasantness. (The New York Times.)