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Interpersonal process chapter 1
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Avoidance. Avoidance is the act of avoiding or keeping away from something or someone. Avoidance include staying away from thoughts, conversations, activities, places or people that in PTSD could remind the victim of the trauma undergone. Avoidance can be seen in rape victims for example, they could avoid to fill in charges on the person that attacked her/him, or to avoid the place of the accident as for example, “take the longer way home”. In a veteran the symptom of avoidance could be not talk about the time in war or avoiding meeting with the people who were with him/her in combat. Depression. Symptoms of depression include the feeling of being helpless. Some cases of depression could include that a person who started out with great grades …show more content…
“the implicit personality theory; a subject’s assumption about how the trait of other persons are related to each other” at the same time as the two researchers, Cronbach (1955) used the term to describe a subjects assumption about the mean and variance of other people on a certain trait and the covariance between that trait and other traits in a person. Describing what theory in IPT means in the concept is that it consists of a set of relations the link the concepts together. It’s a personality theory because the concept are usually traits and the relation between them, and an implicit personality theory because it IA no immediately assessable to the person (Wegner and Vallecher 1977). In psychology the significance of IPT is that “traits correlations mirror both the structure of language and the structure of behaviour” . The importance of IPT in psychology consist in understanding, explaining, predicting and changing the person perceptions and behaviours. People often they describe others in terms of traits this is for instance: to get a general picture of the other person, how one person is in comparison of another and to predict future behaviours. “To be able efficiently to interact with and react towards the other person”
The World of Psychology. (2002). A Pearson Education Company. Boston, MA: Samuel Wood & Ellen Green Wood p. 593
The trait approach focuses on describing and quantifying individual differences. The approach tries to categorize people into groups based upon what traits they exhibit. According to the textbook, “The most important factors of personality ought to be found across different sources of data, and he [Cattell] developed a typology of data – including self-report, peer-report, and behavioral observations – that has become part of the foundation of the distinctions between S, I, L, and B data” (Funder, 2013, p. 222). As the essential--trait approach was being developed over the years, the amount of traits drastically changed over time. Multiple psychologists worked on this theory, all having different ideas and amounts of essential ...
Avoidance behaviors are generally driven by catastrophic hypotheses . By engaging in the avoidance behavior we get immediate relief from the distress because we avoid whatever catastrophic event we believe may happen if we were to confront or face the situation- this is the hook. In avoiding the situation we rob ourselves of the opportunity to test the hypothesis. Because negative thinking surrounds the situation we are seeking to avoid, our beliefs about the situation become more catastrophic as more time passes between the present and our last successful exposure to the situation. This increases the likelihood that we accept the hypothesis as fact without evidence.
Trait theory, or the concept that personality traits are strong, independent predictors of behavior, provides an incomplete picture of human behavior, thought, and emotion. The most encompassing approach to understanding behavioral implications is by approaching them from a person-situation interaction perspective. Bowers (1973) reported that while 13% of the variance in predicting behavior is due to the person (i.e., traits) and 10% of the variance is due to the situation, 21% of the variance is accounted for by the person-situation interaction; the interaction is more predictive than either one alone. Different situations impact different people differently for several reasons, including the fact that strong traits may not be expressed in
The second category symptom for Post Traumatic Stress Disorder is the avoidance symptoms. This is where the person who has experienced the trauma stays away from places that may trigger his or her memory to the event that caused the trauma. The person also may seem emotionless. He or she may not want to experience that feeling again so he or she become emotionally numb to everything going on around them. The person may also feel a great amount of guilt, depression or worry. He or she may also lose interest in activities that he or she found to be fun before the traumatic event. He or she may have trouble remembering the event. Things that remind he or she of the event may cause avoidance symptoms. This can cause he or she to can change his or her everyday routine to avoid something that triggers rememberance of the event.
Everybody's personality is different. Some may be extraversion's or narcissists, low self-monitoring or high self-monitoring and the list goes on. During this semester, taking Personality Theories has thought me more about myself than I have learned in my whole life. I believe that my personality stems from my family environment, my friends and society and then I get to choose what I think to be morally correct and what fits with my personality the best.
Avoidant Personality Disorder From the moment a person is born, his or her personality begins to take shape. In infancy, childhood, and later adolescence, the individual explores a multitude of behaviors. Of all the behaviors, or personalities, the person experiences, one of them will stick with them until the day they die.
The social-cognitive theory suggests that personality consists of learned behaviors and mental processes. The social-cognitive theory emphasizes thoughts, feelings, thinking, values and expectations.
One way in which the Social Cognitive Theory (SCT) of personality differs from the Trait Theory (FFT), is that the SCT represents a bottom-up approach (Cervone, 1997; Shadel, Niaura and Abrams, 2000; Zelli and Dodge, 1999). In other
Throughout history, legends of monsters and devils have captured the imagination of societies, the supernatural stories evoking both hatred and intrigue. Despite the many horrific creations that have developed, the most haunting monsters are the ones seen within mankind itself. In William Shakespeare’s tragedy Hamlet, he creates an abundance of characters with varying personal disorders and issues. Throughout the entirety of the play, the character Ophelia’s Avoidant Personality Disorder influences her actions and thoughts more and more until she ultimately drives herself to the brink of madness.
Magnavita, J. J. (2002). Theories of personality: Contemporary approaches to the science of personality. New York: Wiley.
Feist, J., & Feist, G. (2009). Theories of Personality (7th ed.). New York: McGraw Hill.
The first major theory of personality I will be talking about is the psychodynamic theory. Psychodynamics is an approach to psychology that emphasizes systematic study of the psychological forces that underlie human behavior, feelings, and emotions and how they might relate to early experience. It is especially interested in the dynamic relations
Denial is perhaps the most primitive and maladaptive of the defense mechanisms. We engage in the forbidden behavior, but feel no anxiety because memories of that behavior are prevented from entering consciousness. We cannot recall having done anything unacceptable, so we quite honestly deny our behavior.
For example, socially rejected participants who read and recalled journal entries about the self, exhibited poorer memory for social events (Hess & Pickett, 2010). The researchers concluded that individuals withdraw from the self after experiencing social rejection.