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Contributions by taylor to management theory with examples
Application of scientific management principles
Application of scientific management
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Ninoyan, Abram
MSE 302 Online
February 12, 2014
Autobiography
Scientific Management has always been in my eyes, viewed as a series of steps in the working world for a manager to find a solution to a problem. As time has progressed, I have come to the realization that management, is not only practiced in the workplace, but can be applied to all facets and aspects of my lifestyle. This has shed some light on the uncertainties, inconsistencies, confusions, and questions that arise through a formal step-by-step procedure by which I had initially believed my pertinent field of study involved.
Winslow Taylor designed this step-by-step procedure in the 1880's with the purpose of applying scientific methods to the management of a work organization. One key methodology that still remains to be executed in an organization is the division between workers and managers, in order to better efficiency and specialization. This idea, with personal experience and practice has led me to believe that the relevancy in our modern day service economy is unapt. I now...
There are plenty of ways and practices available to managers, practitioners and educators to carry out their businesses for the persuasion of required goals, this vast array of choice and awareness make them ambitious to decide which one is workable and which one is not and this make them always keep on trying one and other technique, method or/and process and at this point according to Pfeffer and Sutton(2006) evidence rescue them to decide which one is the right one. This essay, focusing on this respect, will be a critical reading and analysis of strengths and weaknesses to Rousseau’s (2006) article on ‘Is there such a thing as “Evidence –Based Management”. This essay will first introduce how if evidence based management helps managers. Secondly, it will analyze Rousseau’s repeatedly references to the development in clinical and evidence based medicines and links it with evidence based management and what is the status of evidence based management practices. Thirdly, it will critically analyze the Rousseau’s use of story “Making feedback people friendly”. Followed by how there is variation between theory and practice. Fourthly, This essay will critically analyze Organizational Legitimacy, implementation of knowledge as an outcome of evidence based management and roles of schools, teachers, students in creating the environment for evidence based management.
Scientific management is a way that an organisation regulates their staff within a workplace. The theory behind this is accomplished by selecting the ‘best person for the best role’, who will undertake the training to train each worker to do a ‘specific role the right way’ (Frederick Taylor). This extracts the responsibility from the employee whilst handing over executive decisions to the employer to make strategic directions. Frederick Taylor required the managers to set the tasks for the employees in advanced and that each task was to be detailed to each employee, to be done in a certain way and completed by an exact time no less.
Heneman, H. G., Judge, T. A., & Kammeyer-Mueller, J. D. (2012). Staffing organizations (7th ed.). New York, NY: McGraw-Hill.
Everyone deals with these demands differently, affecting the employee’s quality of life and job satisfaction. Though the job and office types and locations have changed over the years, the need for job satisfaction has not. In today’s economy, the job is not as stable as it used to be. One must be prepared for changes in the future. The structural-functional analysis of jobs in the U.S. is governed by the workforce stratification and technology.
Management Theorists such as F.W Taylor created the concept of scientific management, which is made up of six key aspects including observation, experiment, standardisation, selection and training, payment by results and co-operation. Despite some facets of his theory becoming outdated, scientific management can still be seen in the some way in current business structures. For example within Virgin, despite its reputation for having a relaxed working environment, some aspects of scientific management are used. Such as the selection and training and payment by results, with certain employees being offered rewards for showing ambition to set up their own businesses and showing signs of creative thinking.
Service companies’ success largely depend on the employees and a well-design employee management system is a great advantage. Instead of many organizations designed service models for the workforces that they wished to have, but they really do no, companies should plan a service model that empowers employees to deliver excellence in every service offered, through the recruiting, selection, training and job design activities.
The development of a true science of management, so that the best method for performing each task could be determined.
Urwick, L. F. and E. F. L. Brech (1966). The making of scientific management: Pitman.
Modern day organizations have to constantly change to meet the demands of customers. Workers have to change with the organizations to be able to perform new functions and complete new sophisticated tasks.
Heneman, H. G., Judge, T. A., & Kammeyer-Mueller, J. D. (2012). Staffing organizations (7th ed.). New York, NY: McGraw-Hill.
In the past, managers considered workers as machinery that could be bought and sold easily. To increase production, workers were subjected to long hours, miserable wages and undesirable working conditions. The welfare of the workers and their need were disregarded. The early twentieth century brought about a change in management and scientific management was introduced. This sort of management, started by Frederick Winslow Taylor, emphasised that the best way to increase the volume of output was to have workers specializing in specific tasks just like how a certain machine would perform a particular function. His implementation of this theory brought about tremendous criticism by the masses arguing that the fundamentals of Scientific Management were to exploit employees rather than to benefit them (Mullins, 2005)
countries. Even Lenin went as far as to publish an article in Pravda , “Raising
Scientific management is a theory of management that analyzed and synthesized workflows. Its main objective was improving economic efficiency, especially labor productivity. It was one of the earliest attempts to apply science to the engineering of processes and to management. Its development began with Frederick Winslow Taylor in the 1880s and 1890s within the manufacturing industries. Its peak of influence came in the 1910s; by the 1920s, it was still influential but had begun an era of competition and syncretism with opposing or complementary ideas. Although scientific management as a distinct theory or school of thought was obsolete by the 1930s, most of its themes are still important parts of industrial engineering and management today.
It was once a common belief that if employees worked hard, showed up on time and followed the rules that they would be guaranteed a job for life. However, over the last decade there have been changes in the workplace. There are two main causes for this change. The changes in the work place in the twenty-first century are being caused by advancements in technology and expansions in globalization through the Internet.
In Today’s world, the composition and how work is done has massively changed and is still continuing to change. Work is now more complex, more team base, depends greatly on technological and social skills and lastly more mobile and does not depend on geography. Companies are also opting for ways to help their employees perform their duties effectively so that huge profits are realized in the long term .The changes in the workplaces include Reduction in the structure of the hierarchy ,breakdown in the organization boundaries , improved and better management tactics and perspectives and lastly better workplace condition and health to the employees. (Frank Ackerman, Neva R. Goodwin, Laurie Dougherty, Kevin Gallagher, 2001)