Investigating a foreign firm of alleged price dumping can be very complex, this is due to many factors to consider, such as, whether the products have the same characteristics or whether they are made in the same “like product” or equal value. This mean, if the Commerce Department does not have the identical product to compare it to, they will utilize another product that has closed resemble to the original product, which could result in a subjective conclusion. In the case of Pesquera Mares Australes Ltda. v. United States 266 F.3d 1372 (2001), demonstrates how Commerce Department could lead to a complicated matter in determining what the “like product” entails (Schaffer, Agusti, & Dhooge, 2015, p. 299-300). The Fair Atlantic Trade accused and filed an antidumping petition to a Chilean salmon exporter in the U.S. market. The Commerce Department conducted an investigation and compare the normal value of the Chilean salmon with their home market. Since, no salmon were available to compare it to at the time, the Commerce Department compare the salmon sold in Japan instead. However, the salmon sold in the U.S. was rated a “premium” grade while Japan has two types of grades such as “premium” and “super-premium.” The Commerce Department, nevertheless concluded that the salmon in Japan (whether rated as premium or super) …show more content…
Furthermore, Mares Australes, also argued that no defect, such as, external lacerations to the salmon (premium) were present in “super-premium.” However, the Commerce Department does not recognized any grade higher than “superior,” and it is consistent with the “premium” grade. The Chilean salmon exporter was found guilty in violating the antidumping laws of the U.S for exporting and selling their products at less than fair value (Pesquera Mares Australes Ltda. v. United States,
...s preferred by them or by the state.” In 1974 Judge Boldt ruled that a “fair share” meant Indian fishers are entitled to half (50%) of the harvestable catch of salmon. (FL 50) After a short-term negative backlash, the long-term result has been cooperation between federal, state and tribal governments over fish harvests and resource management since the U.S. Supreme Court upheld the Boldt decision in U.S. v. Washington (1980). (FL 50)
In the case of Woolworths and Coles, both businesses are being investigated by the Australian Competition and Consumer Commission (ACCC) for abusing their market power by intimidating suppliers to reduce the price of products so they can buy them for cheap. Due to Woolworths and Coles
The United States Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has approved the AquAdvantage salmon for consumption. The salmon has been genetically engineered to grow faster than the conventional farmed salmon.
Federation is the joining of states to become one nation. The Australian government first considered federation in 1890 when premier Henry Parkes convinced other premiers to discuss federation in the Australasian Federation Convention. Australia finally federated in 1901 after many failed attempts at doing so. Australia finally federated because
...d the economic, ethical, and practical aspects of international regulation. Different views of ecology, culture, and legitimacy as they pertain to a valued resource and its exploitation for human purposes. While it is safe to say one must preserve the historical and cultural value of whaling nations and nations around the world, it can also be said of animals. While many nations continue to cling to their cultural ancestry background of whaling and the right for scientific research, it is proven that such human endeavors must be carefully and faithfully regulated. Commercial whaling has essentially seized to exist in the clear claims of such, but Japan and other nations are ever so slightly getting closer to that boundary. “We should remember in our dealings with animals that they are a sacred trust to us…[They] cannot speak for themselves” (Harriet Beecher Stowe).
Atlantic salmon have become the species of choice to raise on farms because they are more adaptable to the farming techniques and make better use of feed so they produce more salmon with less feed. Not everybody agrees however, that farmed salmon raised in net pens are healthy for the environment or for you to eat. Over the years, there have been numerous stories in the media that have pointed out the negatives of farm raised salmon. These arguments have ranged from wastes from salmon farms, the spreading of disease from farmed to wild fish, the negative impacts of farm raised fish escapes and interacting with native fish, and recently, the effects of farmed salmon consumption on human health. The latest issue that the media got there hands on and consequently got the public concerned, was a report that polychlorinated... ...
Given the sizes of the European and American economies and the amount of trade between them, it is inevitable that disputes will arise. I will focus on the continuing clash over the European ban on hormone-treated beef and the recent dispute over American steel safeguard measures. These two trade disputes represent different types and different issues within the trade relationship, although both expose weaknesses in the WTO system.
Zohar, Y. (2010, September 22). Genetically modified salmon is fit for the table. Retrieved from articles.cnn.com/2010-09-22/opinion/zohar.genetically.engineered.salmon_1_fish-and-seafood-wild-stocks-wild-atlantic-salmon/2?_s=PM:OPINION6
To fish or not to fish is a personal choice. The fact that the oceans are being overfished is a growing concern for individuals, organizations, and governments throughout the world. In this paper I want to discuss the effects of overfishing on the restaurant industry, and possible solutions to solve the problem. Fishing is an ongoing source of food for people around the world. In many countries it is a food staple in their everyday diet. In more modern societies eating fish has become a sensual experience, and not just for the wealthy. It hasn't been until population explosions in the last century that the demand for seafood has led to more effective fishing techniques and technologies. Now the demand for popular fish like the salmon, tuna, sea bass, cod and hoki, which is the key fish in McDonalds filet o' fish, is diving wild populations to dangerously low levels. The methods used to catch the amount of fish demanded by the industry do not leave sustainable populations in the wild. In an attempt to preserve the fish population, governments have set limits on the minimum size that may be harvested and how many of each may be taken. Boundaries have been set up saying which areas can be fished and which ones should be left alone. A number of smaller fisheries have gone out of business because of the limits imposed by the government. This leads to even less fish being harvested and brought to market. Therefore the amount and varieties of fish at markets are smaller and can cause shortages for wholesalers and restaurants. Some restaurants will no longer have the variety on their menus that they used to enjoy. If a restaurant thrives on its seafood menu they may be unable to cope with the shortages and will go out of business. In the ...
Overfishing is a harmful practice, that will eventually lead to the collapse of aquatic ecosystems, if it’s not dealt with promptly. Overfishing emerges from the combination of our over consumptive society mixed with the great profits that come from hauling in a good catch. The consumers demand for fish in Japan seems to be at an increasingly high rate due to the enjoyment and cultural values that arise from sushi and other traditional dishes involving seafood. Approximately 23 percent of Japan’s protein intake comes from the ocean, and as a nation consumes 7.5 million tonnes of seafood annually. CITATION
However, the Boiling Crab has already penetrated the market in California with the proper level of price. The restaurant business cannot charge the price far more different than the others because in the same level of restaurant, the clients will focus on the range of price before choosing it. Moreover, the Boiling Crab is the seafood, so the market price of seafood, such as shrimp, lobster, crab is very fluctuate depended on how difficult to find each item at that time. As you can see from the Boiling Crab menu, these items will be charged according to the market price at that time. Referring to the appendix 1, I compare price of food from many restaurants with the same kind of food, but it turns out that the level of price is pretty much the same between the Boiling Crab and the Kickin’crab.
Predatory pricing “is alleged to occur when a firm sets a price for its product that is below some measure of cost and forfeits revenues in the short run to put competitors out of business” (Sheffet p.163-164). The reason firms take the short term loss is because they hope to drive out competitors and raise prices to monopolistic levels. By doing this, they covered their short term loss to make even greater profits in the long term than they would have by not using predatory tactics (Sheffert). Predatory pricing became illegal under Section 2 of the Sherman Act. It has remained one of the more difficult allegations for prosecutors to prove, due to the complexity of determining the company’s actual intent and whether or not it the strategy is competitive pricing. According to Areeda and Turner, there are three ways to determine if a firm is implementing predatory pricing. First, a price above marginal cost is presumed lawful; second, a price below marginal cost is considered unlawful, except when there is strong demand; and third, average variable cost is considered a good proxy for marginal cost. This is a reason predatory pricing is still important today. The courts must decide whether or not companies are engaging in competitive prices for the good of the consumers or are using predatory tactics for the good of their own company. The purpose of this paper is to focus on the current legislation regarding predatory pricing, determining when there is predation in an industry and the cause and effect relationship it has on an industry.
In search of larger and less expensive seafood, humans have taken to the laboratory to create genetically modified fish. While attempting to address the world’s growing demand for seafood, we realize that if introduced to the wild, genetically engineered salmon are likely to compete with wild fish, including the endangered Atlantic salmon, for habitat, food, and mates. This could lead to extinction and ultimately disrupt the marine ecosystem.
SPCA blamed its fail in operation to appreciated Australian dollar, expensive labor and increasing competition from imported cannery products (Coca-Cola Amatil 2013, p. 2). The majority of the imports from countrie...