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Karl Marx's theory of social class
The divide between rich and poor
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Social Class was also a very important topic that was discussed during the semester. Social Class is the allocation of society based on economic status. Sociologist Karl Marx believed that society consist of the upper class and the lower class. The upper class also known as the dominant group consists of those that are rich, and the lower class also known as the minority group consists of those that are poor. The upper class is also known as the capitalist, people that owns business. While the lower class is most likely working for the upper class. Max Weber, another sociologist, believes that this social class status is unfair because the rich only keep getting richer and the poor keeps getting poorer. In other words, there is no movement
on the social mobility ladder. We also discussed the gentrification of our school’s neighborhood between now and when we were freshman, how it affects new and old residents and the overall neighborhood. From what I have learned, gentrification often benefits the new then residents more than the old residents. New residents are more capable of afford things while the old residents are not able to keep up with the cost of living. The overall value of the neighborhood will increase and the increase of economic value. Gentrification affects the neighborhood and its residence in such away because new and bigger apartments are being built which are very costly. Also, more entertainment were implemented that only the rich and wealthy can afford, and the cost of living also increased. We then further discussed the inequalities between the rich and the poor. Being rich comes with many privileges. They are earning enough capital to maintain a comfortable lifestyle while working in office jobs, they are able to afford things such as education without using student loans, and they can afford healthy foods and healthcare. The poor on the other hand can barely make ends meet, they cannot afford college without some form of student loans or scholarships, which will then leave them in more death after college. They are not able to afford healthcare, their needs are not being considered by the government, they are working fulltime and receiving very low wages which forces them to be on public assistance, and they are working in jobs such as retails, janitors, etc.
(p1) Broadly speaking, class is about economic and social inequality… (p6) We have a tendency for groups of advanced people to congregate together, and groups of disadvantaged people to congregate so that inequalities persist from generation to generation.
Society as a whole, has an interest in categorizing people and groups. Some of these categories are made of people from different social classes. Certain people are similar in the way they live and the amount of money they make so they become categorized together as a certain group. During the Industrial Revolution Karl Marx provided the idea of the proletariat and the bourgeoisie as different social classes. The bourgeoisie being the owners and the rulers and the proletariat being made of the workers and the laborers. From this idea of different social classes, there
Karl Marx was a nineteenth century, German philosopher, economist, a revolutionary socialist whose philosophy known as Marxism became the foundation of communism. ”Despite Karl Marx stating social classes are the
Karl Marx (1818 - 1883) and Max Weber (1864 - 1920) both recognised that economic categories played a large part in social class structure. Nineteenth Century history plays an important part in understanding how class influenced identities. The Industrial revolution was changing the structure of the communities, the rich or landowners having a far better standard of living with better education, health care, property ownership and power than the poor. The working class would have a daily struggle to survive. The change in Trade Unions meant that the working class had a voice, helping to push their needs forward, looking for better standards of living and working conditions. Marx's concept of class was based around the production of goods. The emerging owners of these goods, or capital, were known as the ruling class. Marxism would define only two classes, the ruling class and the working class. The influence on identity of these two class structures would be very relevant in those days. The working class would earn a wage from the production of the goods but the ruling class would sell these for a profit and exploit the workers. The two classes were on two different levels of wealth, property ownership and social standing and they would struggle to mix, they were dependent on each other but the rewards would be unevenly matched.
Class difference by Karl Marx is well described in his Conflict Theory. “Social conflict theory is a macro-oriented paradigm in sociology that views society as
Karl Marx who practised as a Scientist of Socialism had the belief society was divided into social classes where a desire for personal wealth was always increasing, caused by the continual inclination of private ownership of productive resources, political agendas and corporate greed.
A social class can be defined as a large group of people sharing similar economic resources. (Giddens, 1997) Communist Marx identifies two social classes: bourgeoisie and proletariat. “Marx held that history was a series of class struggles between owners of capital (capitalists) and workers (the proletariat).”(econlib.org, 2013). Marx states that the bourgeoisie cannot exist without proletariat and the other way round. In The Manifesto Marx and Engels outline the evolution of the bourgeoisie.
It is perpetuated by the way wealth, power, and prestige are distributed and passed on from one generation to the next
Karl Marx and Max Weber are two of the most significant and influential theorists and sociologists of the 19th century. Both examined very similar ideas but had very different conclusions and are now famously known as ‘The Founding Fathers of Sociology’. One of the Crucial contributions to sociology is both sociologists views and findings on class and equality. Karl Marx found that class was categorised by the means of production. Almost half a century later Max Weber contrasted, class was based on three things Power, Wealth, And Prestige.
Karl Marx and Max Weber both expressed an interest in the social class. Social class as defined in the class is an individual’s relation to the organization of production. (Nakhaie 2015) Weber discusses class in the context of social stratification, which can be defined by many resources as “a society’s categorization of people into socioeconomic strata.” This social stratum is based on a person occupation, income, wealth and social status. Webers treatment of class and status indicates the manner in which the material basis of society is related to. It can be said that Weber identifies a variety of social classes; with the analysis of his classes overlapping his theory that rationalization comes to dominate modern societies and class systems. “Weber and Marx both regard society as characterized by conflicts over resources and power.” (Bratton and Denham 2014:255) Marx, on the other hand, had many views on social classes and class systems, however, his view of the capitalist stage of production consists of two classes that are seen as his most influential. The first of the two classes is the bourgeoisie or the “means of production”; this is the middle-class citizens who are seen as having materialistic values. The second is known as the proletariats, or the “working class”; they are seen as having collective values. As mentioned above, Weber agreed with Marx’ views on classes, however, our
What is social class? It is a term used to describe a large group of people who share similar social or economic positions in society based on wealth, income, job status, education, skills or power in the political sphere. Class is not just about what you own or earn but also who you know. Class affects not only how we feel about ourselves, but how others judge and consequently treat us. Those at the top of the class structure, the elite, have more power than those in the middle and even more power than those at the bottom who are of lower class. Education is a highly valued commodity in our world. In his commentary on society Freud, claimed, “ No feature, however, seems better to characterize civilization than its esteem and encouragement
Therefore, the formation of a class is likely to happen when members of that class become aware of their own exploitation as well as their conflict with another class (Bashar 1). In general, class is an economic group where economic inequality is the main element of struggle. Class struggle or class conflict is tension or antagonism in society due to the different groups having differing interests (Bashar 1). People are placed into similar groups within society primarily based on similar economic standing. Marxism’s philosophy is that there are two main classes of people: the bourgeoisie which control the capital and means of production, and the proletariat which provide the labor.
He believed Marx’s thoughts on how economics controlled the classes in society. Weber also felt that one’s social class is determined by one’s life chances (Sernau 19). While the amount of property one has is important so is authority and knowledge. Having power in the economic realm is called social class (Sernau 19). The amount of goods, opportunities, investments, and skills control the social class one belongs too.
According to Marx class is determined by property associations not by revenue or status. It is determined by allocation and utilization, which represent the production and power relations of class. Marx’s differentiate one class from another rooted on two criteria: possession of the means of production and control of the labor power of others. The major class groups are the capitalist also known as bourgeoisie and the workers or proletariat. The capitalist own the means of production and purchase the labor power of others. Proletariat is the laboring lower class. They are the ones who sell their own labor power. Class conflict to possess power over the means of production is the powerful force behind social growth.
Marx wrote extensively on class and he took a more linear approach to his class analysis claiming that: ‘the history of all hitherto existing society is the history of class struggles... The modern bourgeois society that has sprouted from the ruins of feudal society has not done away with class antagonisms.it has but established new classes, new conditions of oppression, new forms of struggle in place of the old ones. Our epoch, the epoch of the bourgeoisie, possesses, however, this distinct feature: it has simplified class antagonisms. Society as a whole is more and more splitting up into two great hostile camps, into two great classes directly facing each other — Bourgeoisie and Proletariat. (Marx,K.1848.