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Buddhism women role in religion
The general practice of sexism in the world
The general practice of sexism in the world
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From the beginning, the Tibetan women have been viewed by males in the culture as a type of second class citizen, even to the point that women were described negatively. The Tibetan women were also seen as seductresses from a man's point of view and were not considered to have the spiritual ways to become enlightened. Questions that will be addressed are since the women take the brunt of the responsibilities, why are they treated as a second class citizen? Why is it that Tibetan women are considered not equal even though they work just as hard or harder as the Tibetan men? Do the men of Tibet fear that the women may have the intelligence to further themselves than what they give credit and continue to keep the women underneath the men? Although being in the shadow of the Tibetan men, are the Tibetan women the backbone of their family's prosperity?
The treatment of Tibetan women seemed very harsh, especially in the early times. The society considered the women to be a demon and wrongdoing trying to take away masculinity from the Tibetan man. Even being a Tibetan goddess had some harsh light which in turn trickled into the human world of negative treatment towards women despite what a woman does for her family. Tibetan women were considered to be in a low status as animals and even considered as property in which they can be bought by the husbands father, brother, or another male within in the family if relatives conduct into criminals acts.
At the beginning of conception, there is much more emphasis placed that a boy should be born into the family. From the start, having a daughter would be considered very unfortunate and is already dis-valued. For instance, in Orgyan Chokyi case, her parents very much did not want a daughter a...
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...http://www.tibetexpress.net/ch/2010-02-04-08-52-30/2010-02-04-11-05-33/191-are-tibetan-women-equally-represented-in-the-decision-making-arena-of-the-central-tibetan-administration
TIBET: Tibetan Women Subjected to Double Oppression http://www.ahrchk.net/news/mainfile.php/ahrnews_200205/2590/
Integration of the Human Rights of Women and the Gender Perspective: Violence Against Women: http://www.ilhr.org/ilhr/regional/tibet/womenrights.html 3/20/2010
Tibet Justice Center: Violence and Discrimination Against Tibetan Women, http://www.tibetjustice.org/reports/women/vii.html
Women Take Part in Economic Construction and Social Development, http://www.fmprc.gov.cn/eng/ljzg/3585/3600/t17991.htm
Logan, Pamela, Women in Kham and Tibet, http://www.khamaid.org/about_kham/articles/women.htm
Tibetan Women, http://mu.chineseembassy.org/eng/zt/xzwt/t152663.htm
Gender roles have been a predominant factor in our world since the early emergence of human societies whether they are positive or negative. They are based on expectations that societies have over the people in them. The Epic of Sunjata, shows us how men and women are treated almost equally in different forms. Women are praised for their ability to birth leaders, which is similar to the early Greek Society. In most societies, women are treated less equal than men. This was prevalent in the early Indian society. No matter the gender role, it has been shown that any society cannot survive without both men and women.
Brown, A. Widney., and LaShawn R. Jefferson. "VI. ILLUSTRATIVE CASES." Afghanistan, Humanity Denied: Systematic Denial of Women's Rights in Afghanistan. New York, NY.: Human Rights Watch, 2001. 16+. Print
Before any of these questions can be answered though, one must first know the origin of the conflicts between the two regions as well as the history of the Free Tibetan Movement. As said above, Tibet used to be a place that not many people knew about. This made it much easier for the Chinese government to come in and take control of the people and the land without much protest from the outside world. In fact even if other countries, like bordering India, had known, not much would have been done. This is because no nation had ever recognized Tibet as an independent country. Rather, it was the events that followed which caused the uproar. According to defected citizens of Tibet that traveled to India and then dispersed throughout the world, the Chinese started a form of spiritual cleansing. Monks and spiritual leaders that would not follow their ground rules were detained, captured or killed. The lama's of the Tibetan people were either taken as political prisoners or exiled. However, there are also those that said that some of this never happened.
The Chinese have repeatedly tortured, imprisoned, and murdered Tibetans all for what they claim is national unity. While the oppression of the Tibetan people began in the 1950’s with the invasion of China, it continues just as strongly today. From religious oppression and unfair trials to the torture of nuns and monks, the Chinese abuse even the most reverent aspects of Tibetan culture. Political prisoners, whether they are monks, nuns or lay people, are tortured with utter disregard for human rights. Chinese laws have also been established to eradicate the Tibetan people entirely. Women often must endure forced abortions and sterilization due to Chinese birth policies. Through all of these crimes against humanity, China repeatedly commits acts of genocide as established by the United Nations.
As the story goes, Rome was founding in 753 B.C. by two brothers Remus and Romulus who were raised by wolves. The two brothers started fighting over the leadership of the land. Eventually Romulus killed Remus and took control own his own. The city was only a small settlement at that time. As the civilization grew, the Etruscans took over. The Romans drove out the Etruscans in 509 B.C. By this time Rome had become a city. As the empire came to its peak it included lands throughout the Mediterranean world. Rome had first expanded into other parts of Italy and neighboring places during the Roman Republic, but made wider conquests and made a strong political power for these lands. In 44 BC Gaius Julius Caesar, the Roman leader who ruled the Roman Republic as a dictator was assassinated. Rome descended into more than ten years of civil war. After years of civil war, Caesar's heir Gaius Octavius (also known as Octavian) defeated his last rivals. In 27 B.C. the Senate gave him the name Augustus, meaning the exalted or holy one. In this way Augustus established the monarchy that became known as the Roman Empire. The Roman Republic, which lasted nearly 500 years, did not exist anymore. The emperor Augustus reigned from 27 BC to AD 14 and ruled with great power. He had reestabl...
Ambition Over Honor “As the dew falls on quenchless sand, blood only serves to wash ambition’s hands”(Byron). In Don Juan, Lord Byron recognised that ambition leads to ramifications in society. Julius Caesar, Benito Mussolini, Joseph Stalin, and Vladimir Putin are examples of ambition’s effects on society. Vain, self-glorified, covetous, and corrupt, these men were or are ambitious. Their ulterior motives led to deaths, totalitarian regimes, and scandals ultimately affecting society negatively.
Phillip Pullman, a British author, once wrote, “I stopped believing there was a power of good and a power of evil that were outside us. And I came to believe that good and evil are names for what people do, not for what they are”(goodreads.com). Pullman’s quotation on the actions of man being the source of good and evil closely relate to morality, principles regarding the distinction of right and wrong or a person’s values. The question of what human morality truly is has been pondered by philosophers, common folk, and writers for thousands of years. However, sometimes a person’s ethics are unclear; he or she are not wholly good or bad but, rather, morally ambiguous. William Shakespeare, an English playwrite, heavily presses the topic moral ambiguity in his play The Tragedy of Julius Caesar. The titular character, Julius Caesar, is a morally equivocal character who serves a major purpose in the play.
Women go from being controlled by their parents to their husband and then their sons. If she is unfortunate enough to lose her husband, then she should either stay celibate or kill herself. Sister Xianglin is a perfect example of how women in the traditional Chinese and Confucian culture are discriminated against and take advantage of. For example, Sister Xianglin was never referred to by her real name, because no one knew or cared enough to know Sister Xianglin’s real name, her husband had died and yet people still refer to her as his property (227). Sister Xianglin was an extremely hard worker. Although she was “more capable than a hardworking man”, and yet she was not considered an equal (227). Even though she had run away from her mother-in-law, Sister Xianglin was forced to return with her, because she was still her husband's property (227). She had no control over her life and yet would constantly be blamed and tormented for
For those who are interested in learning about history, the Roman Empire and its civilization were one of the most interesting spotlights in the human history. The Roman Empire existed throughout a hundreds-years timeline, officially since 27 BC under the reign of Emperor Augustus. However, to learn how this great empire rose up, they have to back to the “the early Rome and the Republic” period. In this period, these events happened orderly, from the rise of Rome in the Italian peninsula that led to creating the Roman republic, the conflicts with the Carthage Empire, the conquest of the Mediterranean and it ended with the fall of the Roman Republic.
Examples of cultural constructions can be seen throughout history in several forms such as gender, relationships, and marriage. “Cultural construction of gender emphasizes that different cultures have distinctive ideas about males and females and use these ideas to define manhood/masculinity and womanhood/femininity.” (Humanity, 239) In many cultures gender roles are a great way to gain an understanding of just how different the construction of gender can be amongst individual cultures. The video The Women’s Kingdom provides an example of an uncommon gender role, which is seen in the Wujiao Village where the Mosuo women are the last matriarchy in the country and have been around for over one thousand years. Unlike other rural Chinese villages where many girls are degraded and abandoned at birth, Mosuo woman are proud and run the households where the men simply assist in what they need. The view of gender as a cultural construct ...
After this revolution, the Romans ended the monarchy, and established a republic (Wood). In Julius Caesar, Shakespeare used the people’s voice in Caesar’s crowning as a symbol for the public opinion at the time; the opinion of an anti-monarchy was at the forefront, as Caesar rejected the crown three times with public support (Shakespeare). To prevent another monarchy from happening, a system of checks and balances was established, similar to the United States government, making sure one branch of the government isn’t exceeding a certain amount of power (Fontaine). The government focused heavily on militaristic aspects, as they needed to control land for resources, similar to the imperialistic quota the United States established in their early days (Fontaine). As they expanded across Europe, they made the conquered pay tribute, or taxes, supply soldiers, and accept Roman rule, and in return would receive protection and trade benefits. By 265 BC, all of Italy was under Roman control. This was met by resistance, of course; the powerful trade empire of Carthage, who now controlled the Mediterranean Sea, fought against Rome in what is now known as the Punic
Tibet, with its isolated, harsh geographical location and history of political and social remoteness would seem an unlikely place to provide a “cradle for creative art” (Bailey 22). Yet it is in this desolate section of the world that one of the most intriguing artistic cultures has been cultivating over hundreds of centuries. One facet of what makes Tibetan art so unique and interesting is its interdependency on its religious beliefs.
For the duration of time, society perceives men as superior, which infused to their cultural aspect in life. Society instilled male dominance to the minds of young children, imposing a role each sex must play. Girls are slaves of society, submitting to men as their master. And child brides are a perfect way to exhibit patriarchy society (Ludden). The young girl would be married off to take care of her own family, crippling them in attaining an education and getting a job. Girls were not meant to work (Radu). It is also said that the purpose of marrying off girls young was to keep their attractiveness. Roberta Radu says, “'Virginity is an "asset" that families customarily trade for substantial sums of money, so marriage is arranged as early as possible in order to preserve the girl's "desirability". Out of all of these inducements money was the biggest factor. Parents would arrange their daughter marriage due to poverty. The bride’s family would receive a dowry, basically trading girls for money. Again, girls were burdens and the parents used child marriage as a relief...
Women account for more than half the world’s population, perpetuating the notion that gender equality is the center of human rights. In 1945 under influence of the United Nations Charter, world leaders adopted the fundamental principle of equal rights of men and women. It is the State’s obligation to protect and promote women 's human rights. Yet millions of women around the world are consistently exposed to unjust inequality and discrimination. While there are still laws and policies that prohibit women from equal access to land, property, and housing; economic and social discrimination will continue to result in fewer and poorer life opportunities for women, rendering them vulnerable to trafficking. The effects of gender-based violence
In terms of marriage and motherhood, women were expected to marry and have a son, as having a daughter was not as important. Preadolescent matrimonies were common as girls as young as eight were married off to men a lot older than them. This practice is supported in the Laws of Manu, which states, “A thirty year old man should marry a twelve-year old girl who charms his heart, and a man of twenty-four an eight-year old girl; and if duty is threatened, [he should marry] in haste” (Buhler). Due to the young age of marriage, women did not have any choice in their spouse in which they were marrying. Although, in the Gandharva marriage the couple chooses each other but it is low ranked and spiritually unacceptable (Callahan, 2018). The young marriage age was opportune with the civilization as it focused on preserving a girl’s virginity before marriage; young brides were more socialized to remain docile and loyal, and maternal mortality rates were high (Clay et al., 2009, p. 71). As for motherhood, women were expected to get pregnant within the first three years and expectantly bear a son. Becoming a mother to a son allowed her to gain social status and approval (Callahan, 2018). This shows that women were quite restricted in marriage and motherhood in what they were able to do. Women were trained to become good, obedient, and efficient housewives never to be