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Literature review social anxiety
An essay on social anxiety
Short note on social anxiety
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My: Mental illness: everyone can have anxiety when it comes to taking a test, or speak in front of a class. According to a World Health Organization survey, Anxiety disorder is the most common illness in the world. Everyone can have anxiety when it comes to taking a test, or speak in front of a class. It is part of the usual human experience, but when anxiety start to be an overwhelming, is exaggerated in a person’s mind, causing nightmares, panic attacks or even fear, it can become a mental health problem, called anxiety disorder.
The amygdale plays a central role in fear and anxiety reactions. The amygalala drives autonomic and emotional responses. The limbic system which is the center of emotion sense danger. The limbic brain allows
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According to the National Institutes of Health, women are twice as likely as men to develop the condition. With the anxiety, a person may feel very anxious about something bad that could happen in the future. A panic disorder happens affects the person routine life by thought of the next panic attack, and how they can avoid the situations from happening. Symptoms of panic attacks include lightheadedness, sweating, palpitations (accelerated heart rate) trembling, nausea, chest pain, fear of dying. It’s is still unknown to what causes panic disorder, but many researched shows that a major life transitions that may create stress can lead to the development of panic disorder. Stressful situation, fear and phobia can triggers attack to increase the panic. According to the National Institute of Mental Health, More than 10 million adults in the United States suffer from some sort of phobia. Social anxiety disorder is also known as social phobia which involves overwhelming worry about social situations that involve interactions with people. It is the third largest psychological problem in the United States. Social anxiety symptoms include heart palpitations, constant anxiety, faintness, sweating which can lead to panic …show more content…
According to health line, 2.3 million Americans are affected by bipolar disorder. There are two phases of bipolar disorder: Manic phase, depressed phases. The symptoms of manic phase are the increased energy, racing thought which can last weeks or months. The symptoms of depressed phase are sadness, anxiety; and may last weeks and months.. According to Healthline, 30% of people with untreated bipolar disorder commit suicide. Studies have shown that bipolar disorder can run in the family and is equally common among men and women. Bipolar disorder is a mental brain disorder that mainly causes extreme changes in mood, behavior and thought. A person with bipolar may experience feeling high which is the hypomanic episodes or manic; may experience depressive episodes (feeling low).
Bipolar I disorder is defined by maniac episodes which involves severe mood from mania to depression. Bipolar II disorder is define by a pattern of depressive episodes and hypomanic episodes. Cyclothymiacs disorder (cyclothymiacs) is defined as a disorder in which people have periods of hypomania. Rapid- cycling is characterized by mood swings within 12- month period. If a person is experiencing racing thought, feeling high , and are easily distracted, he or she may have the mania
Bipolar Disorder (Formerly known as Manic Depression) is a mental illness linked to alterations in moods such as mood swings, mania, and depression. There is more than one type, Bipolar I and Bipolar II, and the subcategories are divided by the severity of the symptoms seen, such as cyclothymic disorder, seasonal mood changes, rapid cycling disorder and psychosis. Age of onset usually occurs between 15-30 years old with an average onset of 25 years old but it can affect all ages. (Harvard Medical School; Massachusetts General Hospital , 2013) Bipolar disorder affects more than two million people in the United States every year. (Gardner, 2011)
One of the most common anxiety disorder is social phobia, which can sometimes be interchangeable with Social Anxiety Disorder (SAD). Marc de Rosnay, and others, states that Social Anxiety Disorder is characterized by a clearly noticeable fear and avoidance of most social situations where the individual may be put under scrutiny by others, and by fear in such situations, the individual will behave in an embarrassing manner (de Rosnay). One of the most notable feature of social phobia is that it has an early onset, as early as 7-9 months in most cases. The characteristics of having social phobia, or social anxiety disorder, is that the individuals are shy when meeting new people, quiet in a large group, blush easily, and often avoids making eye contact. There are a lot of concerns/problems with having social anxiety disorder. As a group, individuals with anxiety disorders had the largest burden of role disability compared to other common mental health conditions, exceeding the burden for mood disorders and in some cases, substance abuse (Grigorenko).
Severe anxiety, which can be described as an episode of terror, is referred to as a panic attack. Panic attacks can be extremely frightening. People who experience panic attacks over a prolonged time period may become victims of agoraphobia, which is a psychiatric disorder that is closely associated with the panic disorder. Patients with Agoraphobia avoid certain places or situations such as airplanes, crowded theaters, a grocery store or anyplace from which escape might be difficult. It is said that Agoraphobia can be so severe that it has made certain individuals housebound.
A person suffering from bipolar disorder alternates from manic states to those of depression. These emotional states can alternate cyclically or one mood may dominate over the other. It is also possible for the two to be mixed or combined with each other.
The disorder is distinguished from Major Depressive Disorder by the presence of manic or hypomanic episodes. It comes from Schizoaffectice Disorder by the absence of psychotic symptoms, such as delusions, hallucination’s, during periods of stable mood. This disorder has a wide spectrum of disorders. One that includes in the spectrum is its beginning stage of Bipolar One. Bipolar One is characterized by a past of a least one manic episode, and usually depressive episodes. The next stage is Bipolar Two is characterized by the hypomanic episodes taking turns with depressive episodes. Cyclothymia is characterized by highs which satisfy some, but not completley all criteria for hypomania and lows which satisfy some but not all criteria for depression.
Bearing in mind that an anxiety response is a result of various factors, there are different types of anxiety disorders. The most common type of anxiety disorders as described as specific phobias, social anxiety disorder (SAD), panic disorder (PD), generalized anxiety disorder (GAD), obsessive compulsive disorder (OCD) and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). According to Anxiety and Depression Association of America (ADAA) (2016), specific phobias affect about 19 million adults in the U.S, while SAD affects 15 million, PD affects 6 million, GAD affects about 6.8 million, OCD affects about 2.2 million and PTSD affects 7.7 million adults respectively. Considering that anxiety disorders are the most common mental illness in the U.S, yet only about one-third of those suffering receive treatment (ADAA, 2016).
Bipolar disorder is also known as manic-depression disorder, may cause unusual changes in mood and behavior such as grandiosity, decreased energy, distractibility, diminished interest, insomnia, pressured speech, suicidal thoughts, and decrease in the ability to carry out day to day tasks (Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders; 5th Ed.; DSM-5; American Psychiatric Association, 2013). According to Jann (2014) the symptoms of bipolar disorders are severe alternating between normal ups and downs leading in damaged relationships, poor job and school performance, and even suicide among the most severe. There are four types of bipolar disorder which include bipolar I disorder, bipolar II disorder, bipolar disorder not otherwise specified, and cyclothymic disorder Jann (2014).
Bipolar Disorder is the tendency of manic episodes to alternate with major depressive episodes, like a roller coaster. Barlow, D., Durand, M., Stewart, S., & Lalumière, M., 2014, p. 222. Their moods and relationships are unstable and they usually have a very poor self image, recurrent feelings of emptiness and fear of abandonment. Barlow, D., Durand, M., Stewart, S., & Lalumière, M., 2014, p. 444.
Panic disorder is a type of anxiety disorder characterized by "brief episodes of intense fear accompanied by multiple physical symptoms (such as heart palpitations and dizziness) that occur repeatedly and unexpectedly in the absence of any external threat." Unlike fear, there is seemingly no reason or input that causes such an episode. It feels almost like an internal earthquake, something over which you have no warning and feel no control, an event that destabilizes the foundation of what you consider within the borders of normal expectation. After an initial panic attack, individuals often become incredibly fearful about the possibility of another attack. The degree to which this affects subsequent behavior and lifestyle can be extremely drastic and potentially debilitating. Whether it is a daily transformation or a more anxious reaction to the next time one feels dizzy, panic attacks have a lasting impact on the thoughts and actions of the individuals who experience them.
Bipolar disorder, also known as manic-depressive illness, is a brain disorder that causes unusual shifts in mood, energy, activity levels, and the ability to carry out day-to-day tasks (nimh.nih.gov). People that have this mental illness tend to easily lose their focus and gets triggered by anything that changes their mood. There are two types of episodes that occurs manic and depressive. During a manic episode, a person often behaves recklessly, picking fights and lashing out at people. During a depressive episode, the same person might have little energy, feel sad and hopeless (helpguide.org).
An interesting topic to discuss is the bipolar disorder. Bipolar disorder is defined as, “A disorder involving periods of incapacitating depression alternating with periods of extreme euphoria and excitement” (Hockenbury & Hockenbury 578). Bipolar disorder has the same symptoms as depression and then cycles through a period of mania. Additionally, you can still be diagnosed with Bipolar disorder if you only experience manic episodes (Hockenbury & Hockenbury 578). The manic episode can last for several days and are typically shorter than the depression state.
Bipolar disorder is a lifelong condition that can affect how you feel and how you act. It is a mood disorder caused by chemical imbalances in the brain that can result in extreme mood swings, from manic highs to depressive lows. Also known as manic-depressive disorders, bipolar disorder is categorized and determined as “a psychological state in which a person experiences a mood disorder causing radical alterations in their moods”. Elevated levels of either manic or depression are very common with a person affected by a bipolar disorder.
Social anxiety disorder is also known as social phobia. It is defined as the fear of social situations that involve interaction with other people. It is the fear and anxiety of being judged and evaluated negatively by other people or behaving in a way that might cause embarrassment or ridicule. This leads to feelings of inadequacy, self-consciousness, and depression. The person with social anxiety disorder may believe that all eyes are on him at all times. Social anxiety disorder is the third largest mental health case issue in the world, and it can effect 7% of the population (15 million Americans) at any given time.
Social phobias are fears of being in situations where your activities can be watched and judged by others. People with social phobias try to avoid social functions at all costs and find excuses not to go to parties or out on dates. This avoidance is the difference between having a social phobia and simply just being shy.
Someone with agoraphobia will feel anxious about being in a place or situation where escaping may be difficult if they have a panic attack. The anxiety usually results in the person avoiding situations such as: