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Characteristics of formative and summative assessment
Characteristics of formative and summative assessment
Characteristics of formative and summative assessment
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Annotated Bibliography: Assignment 5
1. Black, P., & Wiliam, D. (2010). Inside the black box: Raising standards through classroom assessment. Phi Delta Kappan, 92(1), 81–90. doi:10.1177/003172171009200119
This article, initiated by the Assessment Group of the British Educational Research Association, focuses on how improving formative assessment raises standards and how there is still room for improvement. It discusses the importance of self and peer assessments and effective teaching. They also identified four ways to implement classroom policies to improve formative assessment.
2. Boud, D. (2000). Sustainable assessment: Rethinking assessment for the learning society. Studies in Continuing Education, 22(2), 151–167. doi:10.1080/713695728
Even though this article is written about higher education assessment, the information can be applied to any area of education. Boud states that “sustainable assessment encompasses the abilities required to undertake activates that necessarily accompany learning throughout life in formal and informal settings”. He discusses how both formative and summative assessment influence learning and how students need to be better self-accessors. He goes in to great length about the basic resources needed for sustainable assessment, how this way of thinking will affect teaching and assessment practices,
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She reviews the history of summative assessment in the United States starting in the late 1800s. She explains that there are two basic forms of summative assessment 1) “Teacher judgment in the form of grading classroom summative assessments and assigning report card grades” and 2) “External testing for scientific, program, and institutional evaluation purposes”. She reviews the history of teacher judgment and explains that there is a lack validity and reliability of these judgements which is why the use of standardized testing has been preferred in the United
Elwood, J. (2006). Formative assessment: possibilities, boundaries and limitations. Assessment in Education: Principles, Policy & Practice, 215-232, doi:10.1080/09695940600708653
Stiggins, R. J. (2006, November/December). Assessment for learning: A key to motivation and achievement. Edge, 2, 3-19.
In this article, the editors discussed the social trends and how they can change in nature of father involvement. They tested how children today will make their expectations taking upon a role of mother and father. Increase in father absence is associated with poor school achievement, reduced involvement in labor force, early childbearing, and high risk-taking behaviors. In addition, boys without fathers will experience problems with their sexual orientation and gender identity, school performance, psychosocial adjustment, and self-control. The editors differentiated the girls by how affected they were without fathers.
make it work? In C.A. Dwyer (Ed.), The future of assessment: Shaping teaching and learning
Assessment has been the greatest challenge in my development as a professional. My coursework as supported my growth in this area, especially in understanding the broad range of assessments used to support students’ growth and development. My courses have also supported my understanding of how ongoing observational assessment and standards-based measures can be used to inform instruction and support the cycle of observation, reflection and planning. Coursework
My research essay will be investigating metaphors for detection in The Name of the Rose using a New Critical Approach. Specifically, I will be focusing on the Library in the Abbey and its labyrinth like qualities as a metaphor for the process of detection William of Baskerville uses throughout the novel. I expect that my thesis will involve exploring the process of detection that William uses and the outcome of his investigation in relation to his process and how they are metaphorically related to the Library-labyrinth of the Abbey. Through my research I have found information about a couple different types of mazes and how the process of detection in the novel is parallel to or contrasts with each of them. I have also generally researched labyrinths and the concept of paths and routes leading to a common goal to can develop my argument further because there were not a lot of sources I could find that were specifically about the Library-labyrinth as a metaphor for detection. At my current stage of research, I still need to finish reading the novel so when I am writing my research paper I will have a better idea of the process of detection that William of Baskerville uses throughout the novel. I will then be able to draw specific examples from the novel to support my thesis about the parallels between the Library-labyrinth and William’s process of detection and the final outcome of the mystery. Also, since I could not find many sources specifically about my topic, I am going to research the two elements of my argument separately to further and support the sources I did find specifically on my topic. In order to find all these resources I have used MLA International Bibliography and Academic Search Complete for online journal articl...
tests were primarily employed as measures of student achievement that could be reported to parents, and as a means of noting state and district trends (Moon 2) . Teachers paid little attention to these tests, which in turn had little impact on curriculum. However, in the continuing quest for better schools and high achieving students, testing has become a central focus of policy and practice. Standardized tests are tests that attempt to present unbiased material under the same, predetermined conditions and with consistent scoring and interpretation so that students have equal opportunities to give correct answers and receive an accurate assessment. The idea is that these similarities allow the highest degree of certainty in comparing result...
Health for All: The Promise of the Affordable Health Care Act for Racially and Ethnically Diverse Populations
Standardized testing remains to be a major controversial issue for the American society today. Exams are given to students at different levels in their educational career and are supposed to measure their academic knowledge, but are these tests really the best way to evaluate students? There have been numerous alternatives suggested to replace or be used in conjunction with standardized testing.
This paper explores a few of the many alternatives to standardized testing within the education system. Also, this research helps the reader understand what standardized exams are, why they are used, and how educators can use other ways of assessing to “test” the children’s/students’ abilities throughout the year. Some of these substitutions may include personal portfolios, developmental benchmarks, and a variety of analyses on comprehension by recording different sessions. Furthermore, this exposition uses research from many different resources to support the importance, credibility, and objectivity of other assessment tools besides standardized test. By reading this composition, one will learn the pros and cons of uniform evaluation implementations and why it is important for everyone’s individual learning and development that standardized testing are no longer required.
Assessments have always been a tool for teachers to assess mastery and for a long time it was just to provide a grade and enter it into the grade book or report card. Through resources in and out of the course, there has been a breath of new life into the research on how to use assessments. They take many forms and fall within the summative or formative assessment category. Sloan (2016) addresses how formative assessments has traditionally been used by teachers to modify instruction, but when we focus on a classroom that is learner-centered “it becomes assessment for learning as opposed to assessment of learning” (slide 4). The fact is, the students are the ones that should be and are the ones using the data we collect through assessments, since it is our way of providing feedback in order
Sufficient and current and - Meet internal and external assessment requirement Involve learners in assessment : peer and self-assessment represent an interesting way to involve students in the assessment process as students assess each
Standardized tests such as the MEAP, ACT, SAT, PLAN, AND MAP tests are quickly becoming more common in school systems, and they are even being taken at younger ages. These tests have moved from being used to evaluate current skills and concern areas of students in determining the effectiveness of teachers and school districts in general. The kinds of tests that are being used in school districts now are referred to as “high stakes tests” where the outcome of the test determines the fate of a student or a teacher. The thing to realize about high stakes testing is that students, teachers, and schools should not be defined by the score on the test, and there are more problems with the tests than there are benefits. One of the main issues with
Through assessment students and teachers are able to determine the level of mastery a student has achieved with standards taught. Both formative and summative assessment should be purposeful and targeted to gain the most accurate data to drive further instruction (Ainsworth, 2010). While this syllabus does a good job of identifying the need for both formal and informal assessments, the way in which this is communicated does not provide enough detail for understanding. Simply listing assessment types does not give any insight into how these assessments fit in the learning process of this course. While some of the assessments mentioned could be common assessments chosen by the school or district to gain insight into the effectiveness of instruction, the inclusion of authentic assessments is most beneficial to students and demonstrates learning in a context closer to that of a work environment (Rovai, 2004). Unfortunately, this particular course, according to this syllabus, relies heavily on quizzes and traditional tests and essays to form the bulk of assessment opportunities. While other activities, such as formative assessments, journaling and discussions are mentioned as possible avenues for scoring, they are given a very low percentage of the overall grade. This shows that they are not valued for their ability to show progression and mastery. If this is indeed the case, this puts the students as a
In spite of the importance of assessment in education, few teachers receive proper training on how to design or analyze assessments. Due to this, when teachers are not provided with suitable assessments from their textbooks or instructional resources, teachers construct their own in an unsystematic manner. They create questions and essay prompts comparable to the ones that their teachers used, and they treat them as evaluations to administer when instructional activities are completed predominantly for allocating students' grades. In order to use assessments to improve instruction and student learning, teachers need to change their approach to assessments by making sure that they create sound assessments. To ensure that their assessments are sound they need include five basic indicators that can be used as steps to follow when creating assessments. The first of these indicators and the first step a teacher must take when creating a sound assessme...