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Economy on indian ocean trade
Effect of trading activities in the Indian Ocean long ago
Economy on indian ocean trade
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Lila Fraser
AP World History
Free Response Questions
CCOT
Analyze continuities and changes in commerce in the Indian Ocean region from 650 CE to 1750 CE
Across the Indian Ocean, from 650- 1750 C.E., commerce had many changes and continuities. Trade along this route stayed the same with its spread of goods from one place to another, but changed because of the ways goods were traded along this trade route. Ships were still the main mode of transportation however they were made differently. However, countries that traded in the Indian Ocean expanded while African countries still traded heavily. The Islamic Empire and some European counties controlled much of the trade.
Economically, the Indian Ocean trade stayed the same with the spread of
In the Background Essay Q’s, Doc B, Box 1, it mentions Hinduism. Doc A box 3 mentions confucianism. Rome worships christianity. Hinduism is technically Buddhism. These reasons explain that trade was never JUST physical items, but ideas and beliefs as well. The Silk Road made sure if you didn’t trade items you can hold, then you can trade items you can cherish. Finally, in the western civilizations (Rome), was accessed by boat. Boats could carry a ton more items and it was less of a walk for the merchants/traders. However, the Silk Road did lead a small backup path up north of Parthia. Around 27 B.C.E., the Roman Empire had only begun, but the silk road had been a thing for a very long time before that. About 3,073 years to be close to proximity. This took trade across seas! This was also how the Silk Road was Forgotten...boat travel became popular, less expensive, and easier to carry bigger loads.On Doc A, the map shows a series of dashes across the Mediterranean Sea. This represents the route to Rome by boat. Also on Doc A, the dashes on the backup path lead from east of India, to the north of the Caspian Sea, then south to Rome. Also, the timeline says 27 B.C.E.- Roman Empire begins. This time subtracted from 4000 B.C.E- Silk Cultivation in China, is about 3,073
In the early 19th century, the British East India Company established more trade warehouses and thoroughfares in the Indian subcontinent. This occupation of Indian lands was welcomed by some groups and fiercely opposed by others. While met by more opposition, the British Empire expanded into the other Indian Ocean territories up to the end of the century. Because the trans-Atlantic slave trade was profitable for African elites and brought many valuable goods to West Africa, when it was effectively shut down after 1808 by British patrols, people along this coast were eager to keep the European trade lines alive. The imposition of this “legitimate trade” (any non-slave trade) saw a huge rise in African exports of gold and palm oil.
As new ideas traveled main trade routes, such as the Silk Road and the Mediterranean, the effects of such were felt through an influx of contact between countries due to increased desire for new information and countries gaining a larger presence on the world stage. This phenomenon can also be seen through the lens of cultural exchange that took place during this same time period in Eurasia. A major component of the Eurasian trade networks, such as the Silk Road and Indian Ocean, was that they fostered interregional contacts that had ceased to previously exist. When a country had a desire for study or technology, they earned more respect on the global stage. This can be further examined by looking at Marco Polo’s voyage into Asia.
1.) As a whole, the entry of the Europeans into the Asian sea trading network had relatively little effect on the entire system. The entry of the Europeans into the network led to the establishment of new trade routes in the Indian Ocean to the southern Atlantic near the Cape of Good Hope. In water, the Europeans were superior militarily, but on land against fortified Asian settlements, the Asians far surpassed the Europeans technologically. The only superior items that the Europeans had were small, fast sea vessels such as caravels, clocks, and weaponry.
During the classical era, there were shifts worldwide with regards to economic imports and exports. As many societies transformed from hunting-gathering societies into specialization societies, global trade networks expanded. This led to the founding and growth of many complex trade networks, both on land and by sea. Two notable trade networks were the Mediterranean Sea network and the Silk Road. The Mediterranean Sea is in Europe, and the trade network lined the shores of Turkey and North Africa. The Silk Road was trans-Asian. It reached from China to the Eastern Mediterranean. While these networks had multiple similarities in their expansion and spread of religion and ideas, there were many differences. These included the type of materials
Many changes were witnessed in the economic structures of different regions as trade flourished within the Eurasian trade routes. Trade routes allowed for sedentary civilizations to connect with more nomadic groups, and this allowed for many to exchange goods with drastically different groups outside of their own regions. Different goods appeared out of regions such as
The Great Ocean is a book written by David Igler on the interactions between different cultures from the Pacific Rim region from about 1770 to 1850. Igler is a former graduate of UC Berkeley specializing in Environmental History and the American West and is currently a professor of history at the University of California, Irvine, and the president of the Pacific Coast Branch of American Historical Association. In the category of U.S. Maritime History, Igler won the North American Society for Oceanic History John Lyman Book award. Rather than focusing on the widely studied Atlantic trade, Igler focuses on the trade interactions that occurred throughout the Pacific Ocean including Cook’s voyages, whaling, colonization and empire expansion, California gold rushes and many other related topics. The target audience for this book is for any researcher that is in need of a credible source on the globalization of the Pacific Rim region.
Reaching towards the peak of trade, Europe faced difficulties in trading with Asia due to sections of multiple trade routes being dominated by Muslims. This meant that men were lost and it took a great amount of time to be able to give and receive the products being traded. This was when Christopher Columbus proposed a solution, believing that a route which sailed west through the Atlantic Ocean, would be a much safer and faster way of trading with Asia.
As with all demand, supply came in the form of an increase in trade. This naturally lead to expanses navigation but more importantly shipbuilding. Advanced ships of that era meant longer distance sea travel which allow for additional markets offering new products. All of these factors led to a rapidly expanding network of trade routes.
On a political and national level, there was much competition between the European nations which resulted in a justification for the European presence in the Indian Ocean. This translated into which nation could make the largest profits whilst hold large geographical land bases. Countries on the coast of the Indian Ocean were built for tr...
Eurasian trade when conditions along the Silk Road were unfavorable. For this reason, the geographical context of the Silk Road must be thought of in the broadest possible terms, including sea rout...
The Indian Ocean was an essential part of the growth or the political, economic, cultural, and social aspects of the newly-modernizing world in 600 BCE to 1450 CE. Because of the Indian Ocean, many advancements in technology were made, religions were spread, parts of the world grew, and cultures changed. Trade between the Afro-Eurasian subcontinent, spread and growth of many religions, such as Hinduism, Buddhism, Christianity, and Islam, growth of countries and empires in countries such as India, Africa, and Asia, and technology, such as sails, compasses, and astrolabes, were widely impacted because of the trade routes. The routes helped many areas of the world that needed help expand, and aided the world gear towards a more international trade.
Grouchier, C & Walton, L. 2013. The maritime world: The Atlantic, Pacific and Indian Ocean World. Vol 2. London & New York.
There exists a time when major civilizations were once divided in nature and were unaware of each other’s existence. The major civilizations developed at an independent rate, and most of the technologies and ideas were innovated without the influence of other civilizations. The Chinese were famed for their production of silk, a valuable textile coveted for its splendid texture and color. The Roman Empire was known for its wealth and domesticated animals. India was famous for its spices [1]. However, this situation then took a drastic change when the Silk Road was established by the Han Dynasty. The main purpose of this establishment was to maintain political contact with the kingdoms located in Central Asia. This route soon evolved into a trade route that connected China, Central Asia and Constantinople [2]. Sometime between 206 B.C and 220 A.D, Silk Road was known to be the main trade route that linked the west and the east [2]. The Silk Road then became one of the most iconic symbols of trade in the world, as it became the first trade route of its kind that managed to connect the west with the east. Although the Silk Road disappeared after 220 A.D due to the fall of Constantinople, it remained to be one of the most important human systems in history. This is because it gave rise to globalization, expedited the development of great civilizations and inspired the rise of maritime exploration.
The Indian Ocean Maritime System was a network of seaports, trading routes, and maritime culture, which linked the countries on the coasts of Africa and Indonesia. Voyages took place at sea, for example, Chinese would voyage to East Africa and Arab and Persian traders were able to reach across southern China. The steady year-round monsoon winds were what aided in the use of ships for trade in this geographic region. Mediterranean sailors rarely ventured too far in the ocean, but the Indian Ocean sailors often ventured out further thanks to the monsoon winds. Africa produced exotic animals, wood, and ivory and these goods were able to reach more countries. Other valuable goods from this region that were sought by traders included frankincense and myrrh resins, pearls from the Persian Gulf, and copper from the mines in southeast