"Bisexual"1 was a word used by Peter Eisenman to describe his Max Reinhardt Haus in
1992, an unbuilt architecture for the city of Berlin that can be formally read in two different ways. The first interprets the form as being additive, two legs rising high above the Berlin landscape and meeting at the architectural object's top. The second interprets the form as being subtractive, a void carved out of solid mass. This idea of bisexuality is continually addressed and re-addressed by the agility of the Max Reinhardt Haus: the project forces
Eisenman to conduct formal gymnastics around an architectural context that presents him with a long list of twos, often contradictory. These twos, presenting both formal and contextual obstacles to the project, are integral to understanding the outcome of the Max
Reinhardt Haus. Further, Eisenman's ability to produce a single, coherent architectural object while maneuvering these twos is extremely commendable, the outcome being a project that not only acted as a pioneer in the early digital period, but stills holds today as one of the
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James F. O'Gorman, Dennis E. McGrath. ABC of Architecture. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press, 1998. Document. October 2013.
Q: Use St Peter’s basilica and Donato Bramante’s Tempietto in Rome, in opposition to John Balthasar Neumann’s Pilgrimage Church of Vierzehnheiligen in Bamburg, Germany, to argue that a rational engagement with architecture is a more effective means to comprehend and understand architectural form.
2. Having wanted to establish his own architectural practice, in Albert’s early days of leaving his studies it had been unsuccessful for him. Due to the depression that had hit Germany in the 1920’s the demand on construction had a down turn, which made it possible to find any jobs for Speer. Not finding work and resigning from his assistant lecture’s position, Speer had decided to move back to Mannheim to try and create his practice there, but once again the demands for designing work was low. Realizing that there was no chance in building his practice in Mannheim he moved to Berlin in which he gained his first work of redecorating Karl Hanke district organization head quarters.
...netheless it is still an advancement and one that historians should take note of for the future.
(Image taken from Tranchtenberg, Marvin, Isabelle Hyman. Architecture: From Prehistory to Postmodernity. Second Edition. Prentice Hall, Inc. New Jersey: 2002.)
Labrouste’s typological, technical, and spatial solutions spread to America and can be traced through works by McKim, Mead and White, Louis Sullivan, and Henry Hornbostel— each of them display École des Beaux-Arts identities. Labrouste’s statement that, “in architecture, every form has its rationale and its logical consequences ... that a work of art has meaning, that its form is the result of a set of deductions that come in sequence, that it satisfies a need, and that it expresses an idea” (Bergdoll, 2012) appears to have influenced Sullivan and then resonated through history to the tall, steel-framed buildings in the United States of America. The modern code of expressed metal structure and lightweight casing appeared in the iridescent vaults of the Bibliothèque
As time and people are continually changing, so is knowledge and information; and in the film industry there are inevitable technological advances necessary to keep the attraction of the public. It is through graphic effects, sounds and visual recordings that all individuals see how we have evolved to present day digital technology; and it is because of the efforts and ideas of the first and latest great innovators of the twentieth century that we have advanced in film and computers.
In order to create innovative public architecture, considered to be the most civic, costly, time intensive and physical of the arts, the project holds a degree of risk, strife, and negotiation . Overcoming these tasks and creating worthy public architecture is a challenge designers try to accomplish, but are rarely successful. The people involved in a potential public building, can be larger than the building itself. Public architecture tries to please all, even the doubters and critics, but because of the all these factors, a building is closer to failing than succeeding.
The essence of modern architecture lays in a remarkable strives to reconcile the core principles of architectural design with rapid technological advancement and the modernization of society. However, it took “the form of numerous movements, schools of design, and architectural styles, some in tension with one another, and often equally defying such classification, to establish modernism as a distinctive architectural movement” (Robinson and Foell). Although, the narrower concept of modernism in architecture is broadly characterized by simplification of form and subtraction of ornament from the structure and theme of the building, meaning that the result of design should derive directly from its purpose; the visual expression of the structure, particularly the visual importance of the horizontal and vertical lines typical for the International Style modernism, the use of industrially-produced materials and adaptation of the machine aesthetic, as well as the truth to materials concept, meaning that the true nat...
Jencks believes “the glass-and-steel box has become the single most used form in Modern Architecture and it signifies throughout the world ‘office building’” (27). Thus, modern architecture is univalent in terms of form, in other words it is designed around one out of a few basic values using a limited number of materials and right angles. In...
Simon Unwin, the author of the book ‘Analysing Architecture’ says that the ‘the purpose of
During the last century Copenhagen has seen major changes in the physical construct of the city but who was involved and what changes have occurred? When did these changes occur? Where were the main areas of development? Why was this change needed? And also, was it a successful development? Main case studies for this discussion include Copenhagen’s post-war master plan for it’s city looking at how it seamless integrated its transport systems, pedestrian walkways and businesses along with housing and zooming in further to the Ørestad district and its development which includes various architecture projects by practices such as BIG. By beginning to find answers to these questions through different sources and analysing them not only through words but also by illustrations and diagrams, an understanding of Copenhagen’s development can be begun to be made. Before these questions can be answered a step back should be made reflecting Copenhagen’s history.
Meijenfeldt, E. V., and Geluk, M. 2003. Below ground level: creating new spaces for contemporary architecture. Birkhauser
... architectures would led to a more organic organization beneficial to the people that choose to make their lives in this city. Although this model of a sustainable city is not a perfectly closed loop, it lays the foundation for one that is. Over time, with constantly evolving and improving technology and new methods of design from the scale of products to buildings, the gaps in the loop could be closed, and a “true” sustainable city could be fully realized.
Both printed media and electronic media are in a constant state comparison, both competing to super pass each other. Both of the medium have their own unique features through their advantage, disadvantages and popularity. This basic point of the comparison.