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Metropolitan museum of art introduction
AP Art History egypt under the pharaohs
AP Art History Outline Ancient Egypt
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Nakht and Family Fishing and Fowling is dated 1400-1390 BC. It was found in Thebes. It is a facsimile done in Tempera paint on paper. It is 200 cm by 153 cm and is on a scale of 1:1. The accession number is15.5.19e, l–m. It was Painted by Norman de Garis Davies, Lancelot Crane, and Francis Unwin for the Egyptian Expedition of the Metropolitan Museum of Art before 1915. This facsimile is a copy of a wall in Nakht’s tomb in Thebes. It is a split scene of Nakht and his family fishing in one part and fowling in another and then shows Nakht and his wife seated on the left side of both. There is also a scene of the process of making wine. The canon of proportion used in this painting is more closely related to that of the old kingdom when there was a universal canon used amongst all of the artist at the time. The limbs are still slightly more elongated but it is far more similar than some of the painting from the middle kingdom when the traditional canon of proportion was disregarded completely. The scenes are also very similar to some of the paintings you would find in the old kingdom mastabas and other types of tombs. They depict activities the family would be doing in the afterlife such as fishing and fowling. It was important to include these types of paintings in the tomb to ensure that one could still enjoy the same activities after they died. The scenes include Shabti servants as well. Shabti figures are a tradition used all through Egyptian history. One would include small figurines in their tomb so that they could have servants do the hard labor whilst they enjoy the things they like to do like hunting or fishing. The hieratic scale is also present in this piece as well as a very linier page set up. The scene ...
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...o their original religious practices throughout the rest of this period but the art style of Akhenaten did linger into the reign of Tutankhamen and those after him. Ramesses II was considered one of the greatest kings of Egypt and the greatest king during the Ramesside Period. A large number of foundation deposits such as A foundation Deposit Plaque with The Throne Name of Ramesses II, shows just how great he was at building temples and momuments in comparison to any other king of Egypt. The rest of the Ramesside Period was marked by egypts ongoing struggle with the Sea Peoples and the loss of power and resources that came along with it. A Relief of Ramesses IX shows a decline in the quality of art due to this state of turmoil. With all of the diverse events and great kings followed by hardships, it is easy to see why the New Kingdom is so well known in the history
Two rulers discussed in this chapter are Naram-Sin and Gudea. Naram-Sin is remembered as a ruler of the Akkadian Empire, and his reign was evidenced by success regarding an acquisition of resources and strengthening of his army. In terms of works of art, Naram-Sin pushed for his carvings and paintings to be done on walls and caves. Through that, he believed that his legacy would have been carried from one generation to another in Mesopotamia.
Egyptian culture didn’t truly begin until the third dynasty, which is grouped into a period called the Old Kingdom. Since then, it developed into a thriving culture that changed little, even with new leaders. This conveys a sense of order and cohesion that flows throughout the time of the Egyptians. I was fascinated by the continuity. Unlike the artists of today, Egyptian artists did not rebel against the conventions of their day. If the surviving art is any indication, they were content to follow the artistic practices of their time. During the New Kingdom, a painting called "Funeral Procession, Tomb of Pairy" was created. It is a depiction of a portion of the process of laying Pairy to rest. Harold Hays wrote an article called “Funerary
The Ancient Egyptian sculpture, “Statue of Nykara and His Family”, was sculpted during the late fifth dynasty. The sculpture is a depiction of Nykara, his wife, Nubkau, and son, Ankhma-Re. The statue is in poor condition with pieces of limestone missing and chips on the three subject’s faces and bodies. The painted limestone shows the conventional colors for the male and female subjects. There is a clear discoloration among Nykara and his son’s bodies. The brownish red color they once were has eroded to a light yellowish color, which resembles the purposeful color of Nykara’s wife. The hieroglyphs on Nykara’s seat insinuate that the sculpture is meant to be viewed from the front view. This is also evident by the way the three subjects are facing forward in frontal view. There are hieroglyphs on both the chair and base of the statue near Nykara’s wife and son’s feet.
Ramses had a harsh and profound life, yet he was able to accomplish, build, and expand so many ideas across Egypt and even into today. Ramses II made most decisions based on his involvement whether that was war, politics, or ruling. Egypt had to rely on Ramses II to be Pharaoh when his father died. This step in which Ramses had to take at the age of 19 was hard to fulfill with only some training by his father. Ramses was able to accomplish many innovations that have survived to be around today. As ruler Ramses was also the leader of his army and led many battles including the famous war between the Egyptians and Hittites. Ramses created the first treaty to be written down after a war. Ramses has been known to be one of the most profound Pharaoh in history. Even though Egypt relied on Ramses II to be Pharaoh at such a young age, Egypt did not rely just on his judgment, but rather his personal involvement. He expanded Egypt to its’ greatest and highest with a thriving economy and enriched structural growth. Ramses II led for 66 years bringing Egypt to its’ highest power, territorial gain, and economical wealth.
Pyramids, gold, the Nile, hieroglyphics, gods and goddesses…no matter how much we know about it, we all see one of these things when we picture Egypt. However, this image is not complete without the Pharaoh. Not much in Egypt was. So to be considered “The Last Great Pharaoh of Egypt” is quite an honor, an honor that Ramesses III carries. A ruler in the time of the New Kingdom, he gave Egypt a few more years of glory before it’s decline.
The Coffin of Tentkhonsu, observed at the National Museum of Natural History, was very eye drawing, its drawings on the outside and inside captive that mummies journey to rebirth. The readings of the artwork state that the mummy of Tehtkhonsu has never been completely identify. The coffin also dates back to 3,000 years.
The New Kingdom in ancient Egypt, from 1550 – 1070 BC, was a time of extraordinary wealth, power, and the continuation of the arts in the classic ancient Egyptian style. Characterized by the abstract and impersonal depiction of humans, along with the strength of the Egyptian Empire, the New Kingdom is considered the peak of power and prosperity in ancient Egypt. “Fragmentary lid from the coffin of Wadj-shemsi-su” is a piece created in this time period that was originally part of a portrait located on the top of the king’s coffin. Because the coffin would carry the king’s mummified body in his tomb, the portrait depicts the pharaoh as being prepared for the Underworld, as well as being the ideal body for the spirit of the king to flow through. The objective of the coffin’s portrait is also to convey the power of the kingdom, putting emphasis on the king’s image and the immense wealth that accompanies him. In addition to the piece’s function as a coffin, “Fragmentary lid from the coffin of Wadj-shemsi-su” embodies the strength and wealth of the New Kingdom through the piece’s human face, use of bright colors, and geometric detailing.
Ramesses II, also known as “Ramesses the Great” was the third pharaoh of the 19th dynasty in Egypt. He came to power following the death of his father, Seti I who was pharaoh of Egypt. Ramesses II had a lengthy reign of 66 years from 1279 BC to 1213 BC, and during those years, he was regarded as one of the most powerful pharaoh’s of Egypt. Ramesses II can attribute the attainment of his power due to his use of propaganda, as evidenced by his often ostentatious displays and exaggerations of his achievements, along with the widespread locations of his propaganda and his use of propaganda in monumental buildings.
Egyptian art is infamous across the world - classified by the monumental pyramids, and the Sphinx. Although these are both valid forms of Egyptian art, they do not make up the entire artistic history of the country. On the contrary, perhaps the most replicated example of classic Egyptian art, from the Old Kingdom, can be found in their rendering of the human form. An interest in portraiture developed early in Egypt. (Gardner, 75) Whether painted on pottery, or cut into rock, the figures all had notably Egyptian characteristics. "The seated statue is one of only a very small number of basic formulaic types employed by the sculptors of the Old Kingdom." (Gardner, 75)
Ramses III (reigned 1182-1151 BC), Egyptian king of the 20th dynasty, a great military leader who repeatedly saved the country from invasion. In the 5th year of his reign, Ramses defeated an attack by the Libyans from the west, and two years later he routed invaders known as the Sea Peoples. In his 11th year he again repelled an attempted attack by the Libyans. Ramses was also a builder of temples and palaces in the tradition of his 19th-dynasty predecessor, Ramses II. His victories are depicted on the walls of his mortuary temple at Medinet Habu, near Luxor. Egyptian records tell of a strike by workers at Ramses's burial site and a plot against the king near the end of his reign. Ramses III was the last of the great rulers and after his death there were centuries of weakness and foreign domination.
This depiction of Nebamun hunting in the marshes dates to around the late 18th dynasty . Its formal qualities depict that of an Egyptian scribe on an outing with his family, while utilising proportion to emphasise the Egyptian values and beliefs of the day. Further analysis reveals strong iconographic meaning, particularily in relation to the habitat surrounding Nebamun and his family. When studying the piece in relation to social context, we see how death and the Afterlife were an essential part of Egyptian life as a whole.
The Amarna period, which lasted about thirty years at the end of the 18th dynasty in ancient Egypt brought many historical changes to ancient Egypt. These drastic changes are represented in the art of the period. A new pharaoh came to power and declared a new religion for all of Egypt. Although this new religion was far from supported by the citizens, the pharaoh, Akhenaten enforced the changes. Temples worshipping other gods were torn down, names were changed, even language experienced a shift. The most notable change of this period was the art style. The typical style of canon proportion, which Egypt had utilized since the third dynasty was ignored. No longer did human figures fit the calculated outlines they always had. Now under the pharaoh
The ancient Egyptians are known for many of the incredible aspects of their culture and everything they have produced. Some of the well known ancient Egyptian relics are the ones like the ancient pyramids, the Great Sphinx of Giza, mummies, and their many forms of art. Ancient Egyptian art is one of the most recognized styles of art. The most commonly known types of ancient Egyptian art are types like paintings, ceramics, and sculptures. Not only is Egyptian art beautiful, but it carries a huge deal of value and significance with it. A great portion of the time, the art has some kind of religious meaning to it. Consequently it is very difficult to discuss the art itself without delving into the various gods and goddesses presented in it. Something that particularly struck me about ancient Egyptian art was their proneness to use animals in their art. Not only do they use the animal’s full figure, but they also put individual parts on human bodies. This intrigued me because not many cultures have art that embrace animals to this extent. I will be exploring why the ancient Egyptians depict animals in their art repeatedly, and considering what they meant to them.
Seti I was a great and mighty pharaoh that ruled over ancient Egypt during the early 19th dynasty. Redeveloping the prosperity of everyday people and creating a lasting impression on the way ancient Egypt was. Seti I made a great difference to the quality of artwork and architecture in ancient Egypt creating a condition of beauty that wasn’t surpassed by any other pharaoh. Egypt regained its strength after a rather rocky end to the 18th dynasty. Sethos also created and led a powerful military into battle and won battle upon battle that fell their way. Alongside his wife, Queen Tuya Egypt bloomed during Seti I’s extremely successful reign. If not for the breakthroughs historians would not know nearly as much about the way of ancient Egyptians.
Ancient Egypt is considered to be one of the most significant eras in history, due to its lengthy existence and its overwhelming contributions to the development of western civilization. You could say that Egypt provided the building blocks for Greek and Roman culture, and through them, influenced all of Western tradition. Today Egyptian imagery, concepts, and perspectives are found everywhere; you will find them in architectural forms, on money, and in our day to day lives. We are able to distinguish various elements of its culture that played a key role in its development, such as agriculture, architecture, religion, and government to name a few. Egypt 's impact on later cultures was and still is immense.