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Erik erickson stages of psychological development essay
Research into social interactions impact on cognitive development
Analysis of Erikson's theory of personality development
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Proper childhood development is sometimes very difficult to achieve, whether it is your first or fifth child, there are some obstacles to be faced along the way. Somewhere, on the journey of development, we make mistakes. During My Virtual Life Simulation, I utilized Erickson’s stages of personality development theory to raise my child, Peanut. This theory is based on crises derived from conflicts. According to Erickson, one faces subsequent stages of conflict resolution during development, which leads to moving on to the next stage, whether one has resolved the conflict successfully or not (Feldman, 2017, p. 289-291). In this paper, I will describe the difference in development from the age of 0-18 with my child, Peanut, who was unsuccessful …show more content…
From 0-1 years old, Peanut wasn’t responding well to others. Peanut was often suspicious of her environment because she was coddled too much by me. I always chose to comfort and cocoon Peanut whenever she was upset, crying, or being stubborn, and I never let anyone else take care of her. Because of my decisions, Peanut rarely trusted herself. This assumes that she did not resolve the trust vs. mistrust conflict successfully. However, I was not treated the same way. My mother did not shield me from the world, which resulted in me trusting my surroundings, and myself. From 1-3 years old, Peanut believed it was not okay to be herself. Peanut frequently had a sense of doubt. I put her in a daycare and if she did not receive a good report from her teachers, I would scold her and demand she behaves a certain way. She frequently had an external locus of control. This assumes that she did not resolve the autonomy vs. shame & doubt conflict successfully. My mother did not make the same decisions while raising me. I could exert control over the world because I knew it was okay to be myself. My mother often approved me exercising choice and self-restraint whenever the chance arose; I could choose how much ice cream and toppings I wanted after dinner. From 3-6 years old, Peanut thought it was not okay for her to do, move, and act. She could not initiate activities with other children and habitually became so …show more content…
She will not establish a stable foundation and will never feel contempt with her life. The simulation did support this theory because her yearly reports matched the unfavorable outcomes resulting from unsuccessfully resolving each conflict. The outcome of my conflict resolution suggests that I am developing successfully and if I remain on this track, I will encounter happiness many times throughout my life. My opinion of this theory is that there are more deciding factors to proper development and it is never as simple as solving a
In conclusion of the My Virtual Life Simulation Program, I raised Luciano, my male child, until he reached the age of 18 years old. Luciano came about the world normally through a natural birth; labor lasted about 10 hours. Luciano inherited 50% of my characteristics through the survey taken prior to the start of the simulation. The other half was through the actions and changes that occurred throughout his life by the choices of my virtual partner and I and Luciano’s personal decisions later on in life. Certain characteristics Luciano developed resulted directly from the authoritative parenting style I chose to follow throughout the simulation. Despite minor setbacks towards the beginning, Luciano, developed properly in his psychological development which involved his physical, cognitive, social, and moral development, personality, emotional understanding, and peer competence. In the beginning years of his life he endured minor academic problems but later had no issue and was even involved in honor classes. He was also very social having
During Erikson’s first developmental stage, Trust versus Mistrust, the child learns whether or not they can trust the world in which they live. As the infant begins to explore their environment they learn what a safe environment is, and this is largely due to the attachment formed with their parent or caregiver (Ashford & LeCroy, 2013, p. 245). Precious reports she did not begin to be physically, emotionally, and sexually abused by her parents until the age of three, so she may have developed some level of trust with her parents during this first developmental stage. However, with Erikson’s second stage of Autonomy versus Shame and Doubt, Precious likely began having problems resolving the conflicts presented in Erikson’s theory of development. This stage is typically entered into at the age of 18 months and lasts until around the age of three years. During this stage, primary tasks involve developing a greater sense of self control and independence (Ashford and LeCroy, 2013, p. 304). This is the age when Precious began being abused by her parents, and was therefore likely not able to successfully resolve her tasks. For instance, Precious was not allowed to take control of her body and was forced into acts involuntarily. Her mother also controlled what Precious ate, at times limiting the amount of food available to her and at other times forcing her to
416). It is easy to see how a person suffering from these biological abnormalities would exhibit the symptoms of BPD. The psychodynamic approach to understanding BPD cites need that are not met in childhood. In this theory, the caregiver is inconsistent. This inconsistency results in the child not being able to feel secure in the relationship (Boag, 2014). Children who are unable to develop secure relationships are taught that they cannot rely on people, and are therefore insecure in their interpersonal relationships. Cognitive theorists see personality disorders as developing from adaptive behaviors that they have formed that are considered over or underdeveloped in general society (Sampson, McCubbin, and Tyrer, 2006). In this theory people with BPD develop adaptive behaviors, often to inconsistent behaviors of parents (Reinecke & Ehrenreich, 2005). These adaptive behaviors are considered maladaptive, because they work to counteract the inconsistent behaviors of the caregiver, but do not work when the person tries to use them in their everyday life. In the humanistic model, psychologists maintain that people have an ingrained desire to self-actualize (Comer, 2014, p. 53). Children who are not shown unconditional love, develop “conditions of worth” (Comer, 2014, p. 53). These children do not develop accurate senses of themselves; therefore, they are unable to establish identities. Due to their lack of personal identity, they learn to base their self-worth on others. In socio-cultural theorists argue that BPD is due to a rapidly changing culture (Comer, 2014, p. 418). The change in culture leads to a loss of support systems. These support systems help to counteract many of the symptoms of BPD: little or no sense of self, anxiety, and emptiness. Many of these theories relate back to the experiences of people in their childhood. Children develop based on the treatment and security they receive from their caregivers. When there is inconsistent reliability, children
Erik Erikson formulated a model to understand the developmental tasks involved in the social and emotional development of children and teenagers which continues into adulthood. Each stage is regarded by Erikson as a “psychosocial crisis,” which arises and demands resolution before the next stage can be satisfactorily negotiated. Failure to successfully complete a stage can result in a
... growth where a child is forced to start looking for solutions for everything that is wrong instead of simply being a child. This analysis prove that children have their own way of seeing things and interpreting them. Their defense mechanisms allow them to live through hard and difficult times by creating jokes and games out of the real situation. This enables then to escape the difficulties of the real world.
At the beginning of this paper I mentioned that there are eight stages in the psychosocial development theory starting with trust vs. mistrust. This stage begins at birth to one year of age. This is when I should have formed a trust with my primary caregiver or caregivers. My dad was absent most of this stage, so my mother was my primary caregiver. Since she never taught me good behavior, right from wrong, and was uncaring when I was born, I did not feel safe or secure around her. I was told through family members that she was unable to hold me without me screaming all the time, and that the doctor said I suffered from anxiety at infancy because I could feel the tension of my mother’s stress, anger, and anxiety towards me. The beginning of me learning to mistrust, and feeling
The relationships with one’s family are typically the first an individual experiences, thus providing a foundation for identity formation. Consistent with Erikson’s model of identity development, Bosma and Kunnen (2001) suggest the outcomes of earlier developmental crises impacts the search for one’s identity. For example, positive outcomes from previous life challenges are more likely to produce a positive outcome in identity formation. In the early stages, parents help the individual develop a sense of trust by providing resources (e.g. food, water, shelter, etc.) and comfort when the individual enters the world. Similarly, the family also fosters autonomy and initiative in children when they allow children to make appropriate decisions and engage in new activities. Since family members play such a crucial role in the early experiences of children, it is easy to see the role that familial support plays in the formation of an individual’s identity. Successful negotiation of the early crises depends on support from the
Papalia, Diane E, Sally W. Olds, and Ruth D. Feldman. A Child's World: Infancy Through Adolescence. New York, NY: McGraw-Hill, 2004. Print. The author is a child development and psychology professor. This is an anthology with strictly objective information. The content is broken down into physical, cognitive, and psychosocial developments of different stages of childhood.
As a result of the myelination of the limbic system, growth of the prefrontal cortex and a longer attention span, emotional regulation and cognitive maturation develop together, enabling one another to advance (Berger,2014, p.213). This type of development and level of maturation is most noticeable in children ages four and five because uncontrollable outburst of emotion, such as tantrums and phobias begin to disappear; however, I believe it’s possible for children younger than four to achieve this level of maturation and cognitive development much sooner based on external influences such as parents, friends and their environment. For example, not long after my daughter turned she began to speak in small but full sentences to express her needs and emotions. I’ll never forget the first time I told her no when she made a request. Her facial expression immediately changed and she burst into tears. I was completely at a loss for words, being a first time mother, because I could not understand why she had such a dramatic reaction to being told no. Finally, I realized that even though it was very apparent to myself my reason for saying no, she was not able to comprehend the why at this stage in her life. From that day forward I have made it a conscious effort to explain and demonstrate my actions and the reasons for them;
Klein believed healthy development occurs as a progression through two developmental positions. As discussed previously, the first position is the paranoid-schizoid position. Klein believed during this time the infant is in a state of extreme mental splitting of the external object (predominantly, the mother’s breast) into “good” and “bad” part-objects. At this developmental stage, experiences can only be perceived as all good or all bad (Mitchell & Black, 1995). Klein believed that after the infant’s ego sufficiently develops, he or she will be able to then integrate the bad with the good. This integration makes it possible for the infant to tolerate conflict. Klein felt that the establishment of a good internal object is a prerequisite for the later working through of the depressive position (Klein, 1975). This good object internalization can be augmented by good parenting, which can help “soothe any persecutory anxieties, thereby diminishing paranoid fears of bad objects and strengthening the relationship to good objects.” (Mitchell & Black, 1995, p. 94).
Psychosocial development is development on a social realm. Psychosocial development is how one develops their mind, maturity level, and emotions over the course of one’s life. The rate of development depends on different factors such as biological processes as well as environmental factors. A man named Erik Erikson who was a psychoanalyst who believed that early childhood successes and failures were responsible for influencing later developmental stages developed this theory. Erikson’s theory of psychosocial development is based around the theory that social experience has an impact over an entire lifespan. There are eight stages developmental stages of development in the psychosocial theory and I will briefly examine all eight stages in this
I have had the luck of being the oldest of my mothers’ seven children, and the pleasure of having three of my own, and one step-son. I’ve spent a lot of time changing diapers, wiping noses, and kissing ouchies. I’ve carried babies on my hip that I’ve seen off to kindergarten, helped dressed for the first school dance, attended their graduation, and even been there when they have had their first baby. I have spent a lot of time analyzing their behavior, moods, or lack thereof. I’ve concluded that there are 4 types of children, I have been blessed with one of each. The 4 different types are: The Superstar, The Kool Kat, The Lil’ Mama or Little Man (depending on the sex of the child), and The Rebel.
In electing to observe a kindergarten class, I was hoping to see ‘real world’ examples of the social development, personality types and cognitive variation found within the beginning stages of “Middle Childhood” as discussed within our text.
Erik Erikson was a developmental psychologist known for his theory on psychosocial development. Unlike other theorists of his time Erikson’s theory focused on human development across the lifespan from birth to late adulthood. Erickson believed that development change occurs through out our lives in eight distinctive stages that emerge in a fixed pattern and are similar for all people. Erickson argued that each stage presents a crisis or conflict which results in either a positive or negative outcome (Feldman). In this essay I will identify incidents in my own life that demonstrate each stage of development according to Erickson that I have lived through. I will also interview my Aunt Tami who will share her experiences for the remainder stages of Erickson’s development that I have not gone through thus far.
No matter who you are I believe that everyone will go through stages in their life that will get them to where they are on today. I am a person who has a very interesting story; this is the first time it will be told in full. We were asked to use Erik Erikson’s theory of development as a guideline to telling the story of our lives. At first I was very nervous; however, I soon realized that this would be a fun task. Erik Erikson has eight stages of Development (Zastrow and Kirst-Ashman). I will be walking you though my life using each one of his stages drawing out the map of my life. Within my life I have had some very interesting encounters. I have been through foster care, abuse, rape, molestation, starvation, adoption, depression, and success. Although my life may not be perfect, I believe that I have overcome these battles and become the person that I am on today. I will be talking about a few crises, milestones, and some of the people that were set in place to help me and or hurt me.