Concrete Mix Design:
Based on the above data and the requirements that are to be achieved for the construction of the dam are analyzed. Self compacting concrete has been used mostly in the design of major parts of the dam.For the first time China used new type of admixture known as Glenium type PCE admixture (PCE-3) for the mix used in constructing the power house.The SCC mixture contains large content of limestone powder to increase fluidity,cohesiveness and limit heat generation.These materials are less reactive and reduces the problem of fluidity loss of concrete.Three types of mixes have been used they are....
Grade of cement used is M60 as the structure needs to sustain heavy loads.
Material Mix 1 (kg/m3) Mix 2 (kg/m3) Mix 3 (kg/m3)
Cement 300 300 300
Limestone powder 248 248 248
Fine Aggregate 954 954 954
Coarse Agg (20mm) 700 700 700
Free Water 170 173 176
SP (% of CM) 4.7 (.85%) 9.3 (1.7%) 14 (2.55%)
W/C .57 .58 .59
W/P .31 .32 .32
The slump flow of mix1 is 550 mm and for mix2 and mix3 it is greater than mix 1 whose slump values are 745 and 755 mm.The blocking ratio L-box (1,10) test of mix1 was 0.81 and of mix2 and mix 3 was 1.0.The higher blocking ratio means good deformability without blockage on closely spaced obstacles and it is capable of highly flow able concrete to self compacting.
My structure has to bear a lot of heavy loads which vary seasonally through out the year and construction period is long.My structure has to remain stable for so many years as
It involves high money transactions it effects the economy and we can built it repeatedly as it takes lot of time for the construction.Based on the factors of strength and durability and high cost involving project it can be sustainable by constru...
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Disadvantages:
It is more prone to shrinkage problems and we have to add additional admixtures to complement this which is not economically feasible
Fly Ash:
Source:
Fly ash generally obtained near the thermal power plants as a residue from combustion of powdered coal.
Advantages:
Fly ash helps in increasing fineness which in turn increases the pozzolanic activity an we get higher strength.Fly ash mixes will have greater cohesion and improved plasticity resulting in greater workability.Increases time of setting.Bleeding decreases due to more of fines and lower water content for same degree of workability.Resistance to chemical attack and free thaw and decrease in permeability.Balling problem is reduced and superior finish is obtained.
Disadavantages:
Longer setting time,slower strength gain,Air content control,seasonal limitations and color variability.
In the competition known as Science Olympiad, there is an event build called “Boomilevers.” This event is comprised of building a structure to be attached on one side to a wall and bear the maximum weight possible on the other side, while the structure itself weighs as little as possible. The Boomilever is a long standing Olympiad Event and requires acute attention to detail and a critical mind in architecture in order to achieve the maximum efficiency score possible. There are many limitations and guidelines set forth in the Olympiad rules, defining how tall and long the boomilever must be and how the boomilever must attach to the wall. This leads to construction much like a real life situation, where resources must be utilized efficiently.
Ali, Mir M. Moon, Kyung Sun. “Structural Developments in Tall Buildings: Current Trends and Prospects” Architectural Science Review, Volume 50, Issue 3, 2007. Web. 27 Sept. 2017.
Coal Combustion Residue, or coal sludge, is the byproduct of burning coal in order to make energy. It is a combination of fly ash, bottom ash, coal slag, and flue gas. According to the watchdog group “sourcewatch.org” the ...
However the structure also may fail even the design is good and satisfactory because the material used not
However, the product has one significant weakness as it exhibits creep and or cold flow characteristics, under compressive loads, thus affecting the gasket’s performance, since frequent retightening is required. The point is most users of PTFE are unaware of the fact that several different materials can be used successfully for the same application. The question to ask is what product is right for your application.
The dam could not be poured in a single pour due to its size, so the engineers had to think of a different method. They decided to pour the concrete in five foot high forms of varying widths, which were stacked together. Each form had multiple 1 inch steel pipes in it, totaling to 582 miles of pipe. These pipes had cool water pumped through them to speed up the curing process. The base of the dam alone needed 230 individual blocks of concrete. The blocks were stacked with alternating schemes to add to the strength. Once the block of concrete was poured and cured, the pipes were filled with grout to add extra support. Grout was also poured in between the blocks of concrete.
What kind of weather conditions will the design be under, how much force, safety, and other factors are
Concrete is a composite material used widely in the construction industry. Concrete is basically a mixture of cement, water, aggregates and admixture (sometimes). Cement is a fine gray powder that consists of oxidizes calcium, silicon and aluminum. The aggregate used is normally gravel, crushed stone or sand. Admixture is a solid or liquid substance that gives a certain characteristics of the concrete. The cement reacts with water chemically and binds the aggregates together through a process called hydration during hardening or curing of concrete. It means that water helps in the hardening of the concrete while the cement bind the aggregate and also react with water to form a solid mass.
It is made from different materials by skill carpenters. Formwork is commonly made of Steel and Timber.
Sustainable buildings are becoming somewhat of a necessity in the world today. As the demand for green building develops, so does the demand for green building materials. Just as the old techniques and building materials seem to disappear in the assembly of things, they are now making a come back. Green building focuses on the efficiency of major resources like water and energy. As the cost for sustainable materials and products are on the decline, building green seems to be the most cost effective kind of design and construction. Looking specifically at green materials and their impact on the production of structures, it is evident that they are a prime choice for building material. The use of green materials should be promoted because they are better for the environment, more healthful for the consumer, and better for the economy.
However, Elizabeth portrays exaggerated prejudice, which becomes her main flaw as the novel progresses. Her prejudice is seen when Darcy influences Bingley against Jane at the Netherfield ball. She spends a better part of the first and middle sections of the novel hating her future husband. When Darcy proposes to her, she turns him down, but his continued persistence proves that he is serious. Darcy at first says that Elizabeth is handsome and remarks that he is not interested in her.
During the hydration process as all the reactions take place the porosity and permeability decrease as the strength increases in a process known as hardening [5]. This is due to the growth of C-S-H and can take varying amounts of time to become fully hydrated depending on environmental conditions. Figure 1.1 shows these mechanical changes happening over time in relation to the different products being reacted.
Shrinking/ swelling of the stamp: During the curing process the stamp can shrink in size leading to a slight difference in the desired dimensions of the substrate patterning.
1. it refines the grain structure and ekiminate coarse grained structures obtained in previous working operations such as rolling and forging etc.
Minerals can be found in every part of the earth’s crust, but with two important needs; the concentration of mineral and the size of the deposit. We want to make sure the mineral is high grade and large enough to repay the investment and make profit. Of the many mineral found, there is only a few mineral will appear to have good potential. So it must be tested widely, which costs a lot of time and speed is one of the critical factors. If the construction is financed by loans, it leads up to high interest costs.