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Fundamental characteristics of media literacy
Fundamental characteristics of media literacy
Fundamental characteristics of media literacy
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In this chapter, each part of the communication process is described, as outlined by Windahl and Signitzer’s concepts, and analysed in order to explain our findings from the case of the New Times magazine. Therefore, in this chapter the theories and the analysis of data are merged, which we find suitable for this research. We introduce the concepts and analyse them immediately, which we deem more appropriate than having a separate theory chapter.
Windahl and Signitzer’s communication model states as follows: the process of communication begins with a sender/communicator, who transmits a message to a receiver through a channel or medium (Windahl & Signitzer 2009: 12). In this research, several communication problems have been identified. There
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The second section analyses the message, including the dimensions comprehension and discrimination. Furthermore, relevance in connection to motivation is also included in that section. Third section analyses the channel and medium, and the fourth section analyses the receiver. In this section, the relationship between the target population and receiver group is examined. The last section of the analysis concerns feedback and feedforward. These concepts enable us to identify the different aspects of the New Times magazine's communication …show more content…
According to Windahl and Signitzer, there are three dimensions of the message: the first being simply a set of words and/or images expressed somewhere, which we analyse in accordance to the design of the magazine in the section about channel. The second dimension is the meaning of the message from the sender’s perspective. Here we introduce the goals of New Times presented by the editor of the magazine. The third dimension is the meaning as understood by the receiver (Windahl & Signitzer 2009: 17-18). Discrepancies often arise between the intended message (the sender) and the way people make sense of their surroundings and themselves (the receiver) (Windahl & Signitzer 2009: 17-18). With this in mind, the data is analysed accordingly by looking for such gaps, which is illuminated in the following sections. It is relevant to note that in this section regarding message, we do not go into depth of the specific content of the magazine, but rather analyse it as a part of the process of communication. This section is therefore to be understood as a macro-level analysis of the message, rather than a micro-level approach that analyses the specific
In the documentary film, Page One: Inside The New York Times, the inner world of journalism is revealed through journalists David Carr and Brian Stelter as the newspaper company The New York Times, struggles to keep alive within a new wave of news journalism. The film is dedicated to reveal the true inner mechanics of what modern day new journalists face on a daily basis and leaves the audience almost in a state of shock. It broadcasts news journalism as yes, an old school method of news generation, but it also highlights an important component that reveals the importance behind this “old school” methodology. We often think that progression always correlates with positive products, but the documentary insists that within the case of modern journalism, the new wave method is actually a detriment that can reap negative consequences.
This essay is going to explore The Heron’s Six Category Model of communication. The model can be used for communication problems between professionals and clients. In addition, it has been used as an interpersonal skills training model in fields such as nursing, teaching, social work, counselling and business management for many years. (Heron, 2001) Furthermore, it is a flexible and powerful framework which can serve a range of professional roles and client’s needs. With the help of a fiction story about a care home managed by a manager called Paul. The essay tries to relate the real issues which can be solved by the model.
Print media also should be considered by John Lewis. Newspapers and magazines can target specialised audiences and are passed from one person to another (Fill, 2013, p714). As mentioned previously, the target customers were middle class females, thus the media vehicles, such as The Time newspaper and BBC magazine, may be used to reach a specific group of people.
(2012) suggest that communication is a process that involves a sender, a receiver, a message and a channel. The sender and the receiver of the communication may be the professionals and the channels of communication may be through hand over’s, emails, phones calls, verbal discussion and other relevant communication channel
Have you ever picked up a magazine and then put it down because you didn’t think it would interest you? All magazines have intended audiences. Times magazine is specifically directed towards rich middle aged men with families (a wife and kids) and college degrees, who have an interest in the world around them and run their own businesses. The intended audience of this magazine is supported by the authors of the articles, the ads in the magazines, the subjects of the articles in the magazines, and the color schemes of the magazines along with their formats.
Griffin, E. (1997). A First Look at Communication, Third Edition. New York: The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.
Media or medium of communication has been conceptualized to effect and drive information to the greater masses because it’s the venue where information can be linear form of communication. This essay will discuss what it is meant by media according to online Business Dictionary defines as the communication channels through which news, entertainment, education, data, or promotional messages are disseminated.” This may include broadcasting and narrowcasting medium such as newspapers, magazines, TV, radio, billboards, direct mail, telephone, fax, and internet, the Business Dictionary further includes in this definition.
The Communication Accommodation Theory states when people interact they alter their speech to fit in or accommodate for other. CAT describes the psychological, social, and linguistic behaviors that people exhibit when communicating with each other (Coupland, Coupland, Giles, Henwood, 1988). Each individual has his or her own personality and motivation when involved in a conversation, this attribute are reflected in how the individual speaks, listens and then responds to the other person involved in the conversation. According to this theory, communication between two people can at any time be adjusted by either party in response to actual, perceived, or stereotyped expectations of the other person (Coupland, et al., 1988). This means that either party can change their communication style based on what they feel or pick up on during the conversation. The CAT theory can help understand how humans interact with one another while communicating.
In interpersonal communication there are many theories that are similar yet different in many ways. The theories can be combined to describe people and how those people interact and communicate with each other. Many of these theories help explain how people in society form impressions of others, how they maintain these impressions, why people interact with certain people in society, and how people will use these impressions that they have formed later on in life. These theories also help people to better understand themselves, to better understand interpersonal communication, and to better understand people in general. There are two theories in interpersonal communication that, despite their differences, can go hand in hand. The first is interaction adaptation theory and the second is emotional contagion theory. These two theories’ similarities and differences and their relevance to my everyday life will be discussed in this paper. These two theories are very important in understanding how people interact with others and why people do the things they do sometimes.
Nowadays the world is being bombarded by news at every second and most of the population can access them through newspapers, websites, radio or TV. There are indeed different way and different kind of journalism but it can only be either good or bad. Journalism itself is the act of gathering news and do research in order to inform society about matters concerning various topics. It has changed a lot since its diffusion and innovative ways of making news are constantly being explored, also because of the development of technology and the invention of new methods to share information. In this essay, I will explain the influence that the responsibilities of the journalists towards the public have in defining whether an article can be good or bad, and the role of the news agenda together with the importance that language and form have in relation to the quality of journalism.
However, Nieman Journalism Lab proves that 96% of newsreading is done in print editions (Journalism.about.com, 2014). According to The Audit Bureau of Circulations (ABC) which was released in 2014, newspaper circulation has increas...
People rely on communication to relate with each other effectively and efficiently. Without this vital process, it would be difficult to exchange ideas, opinions, thoughts, suggestions, and creative concepts that can be transformed into lucrative innovations. For that reason, this process affects the function of human beings in a profound way. Therefore, it is imperative to understand how communication occurs in terms of the steps involved and the elements incorporated in the process. In this light, communication is a continuous mode of exchanging messages that are oral and non-verbal in kind.
Communication is an interdependent process of sending, receiving, and understanding messages. The definition implies that the components of the communication process cannot be examined separately. Rather, the relationship exists between the sender and the receiver, as well as the environment of the communication event, must be viewed as a whole. According to this perspective, if any of the components and circumstances change (that is, the number of individuals involved in the interaction, seating arrangements, or the time of the day) the communication event is altered. Communication is an ongoing process; we never stop sending and receiving messages. As we will discover, communication is a dynamic process, a process that changes from one communication setting to the next. Although it is difficult to predict, the ways of interpreting communication, certain components are always present in the communication process.
... relies is its audience—without an audience there would be no purpose in broadcasting news and information. The symbiotic relationship between the press and its audience is continually changing. Today, with the development of technology at an almost exponential rate, the media is having a continually increasing presence in daily life. Information is now available immediately almost anywhere, to the point where it is actually difficult to escape it’s influence. Advertising and social media plague almost every form of technology available. Though these state of the art advancements in technology make communication as simple as a click of a button, the true effects on society are yet to be seen. The beginnings of mass media from the 1930s to the 1960s ultimately formed the foundation for modern media, which will undoubtedly have profound effects for much time to come.
TC or transactional communication has four key factors, simultaneous communication, multidimensional communication, time factor, and the noise factor. In the following essay, I will look at what the key factors are and give some examples of how they work in my life.