Name: Muhammad Anas Matriculation Number: A0124119N Tutorial Group: D2 Contact: muhd.anas@outlook.com Question 8 Post-independent Singapore, small, young and prosperous. Ever since the independence of Singapore, 9th August 1965, she has faced very little resistance from the people. This can be seen in the low number of riots/rebellions, protests and demonstrations. Since independence, Singapore has seen 1 riot (1969 racial riot) excluding the Little India riot which occurred last year and a few minor demonstrations and protests. I’m excluding the Little India riot in this essay as I believe that alcohol was the only motivation behind the riot. The more notable demonstrations would be the recent LGBT (Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual and Transgender) …show more content…
Putnams analysis of social capital in his essay, “Bowling Alone”. In his essay, he argues that a active civil society is key to the consolidation of a democracy. The reason he gave is that when individuals are involved in various societies, they build social trust and reciprocity. Putnam says, “Such networks facilitate coordination and communication, amplify reputations, and thus allow dilemmas of collective action to be resolved”. To elaborate further, when individuals join a society (Red-Cross, Women Rights Groups, and etc), and interact with each other, they are able to hear and share many opinions. Furthermore, they had a sense of belonging to that society and thus had one voice. This kept democracies stable as people were able to take well informed decisions and supported by the civil societies that they belonged to. Putnam also states in his essay that, as America became more modernised, individuals become more occupied their own work and have less time to join these societies. This leads to a fall in social capital and destabilises the democratic state. Before applying the social capital concept to Singapore, I believe it is safe to state that Singapore is not a “complete” democracy and therefore the lack of social capital will not destabilise the state. Singapore is a Confucius society with meritocracy. Every individual is working hard for himself and for his/her family. Individuals do not have the luxury of time to participate in civic engagements. Hence they are not able to come together and resolve the collective action
Bowling and Golf both share unique aspects of their individual sport. Bowling is considered an anaerobic activity, while golf is an aerobic activity. In bowling, one usually does not get sweaty or become suddenly out of breath, however, in golf, since one is consistently walking to retrieve their ball to where they the ball landed, both sports have their own purposes of exercising. In addition, in a Chicago Tribune article, Bowling may be a sport, but is it work?, by Marla Krause, interviewed the head coach of a boys' bowling team at New Trier High School in Winnetka, he says,” As exercise, it may not be like running or swimming," Durkin said, "but it takes some leg and upper-body strength to throw hard and hook the ball.” As this course taught
Civic engagement, overall, is on the decline according to Putnam (informal activities in particular, however, are ones that Americans, on average engage in more often). This decline applies to cities because of certain urban characteristics. The city, because of our division of labour, increases our tendency to drop out of community affairs because of busyness. Also, the city's neighbourhoods do not promote togetherness or a distinct "we" feeling because of a city's sheer population to the point that we actually come to view it as a city of strangers (too many to bother making friends with), unlike in the country where your next neighbour will likely be someone you will feel closer to because of time spent together and having no alternative option to socialize with many other people. Also, electronic entertainment (especially TV watching) gives us less incentive to socialize with our neighbours. In sum, these are just some ways his arguments apply to a city.
To fully understand why social, economic, and cultural capital could lead to success or failure, it is essential to know the difference between the three. Social capital is defined by the Organization for Economic Co-Operation and Development as “the links, shared values, and understandings in society that enable individuals and groups to trust each other and to work together” (OECD, 2015). Social capital can be multiple things including family members, colleagues, and strangers who have the
Putnam, Robert (2000) Bowling Alone. The Collapse and Revival of American Social Capital, Simon and Schuster, New York.
The one thing that interests me is bowling. I have been playing all my life and after a whole semester and a half of being in Mr. Fetter’s class, I realized that everything has physics in it. One night after going bowling with my girlfriend(s) I wondered why when I hit the first pin, only seven went down and thus I lost the game. So, I got on the Internet and found a lot of articles and web sites talking about the physics of bowling. A lot of the web sites were brief descriptions. A guy named Paul Durbin wrote many articles on physics. One of his articles he discussed was about bowling. He mentioned one thing we already went over this semester in physics class. But it seems to me that he neglected to mention other forces the play a big role in bowling and the physics behind it.
Putnam concluded that the communities with "higher diversity" also experienced "lower social capital" (Jonas,18). Putnam explains that the more diverse a community is the less trusting and involved are its members. This distrust in people is rooted in the concentration on the idea that has been repeated since childhood that focused on what makes people different. Jonas makes the point that in Putnam’s study the seemed to be no connection between distrust
Imagine living in a society that was not shaped by you. The only way a society can be effective and work properly is if the people who are living in it, shape it as well. It can be compared to a Democracy government, where the people are the voice of the nation. People are the voice of their community, and they shape their society by using their voice. Over many of the novels we have read this year, societies were formed by the people.
Tremewan, C. (1994). The political economy of social control in Singapore. New York: St. Martin's Press.
Confederation College can also train the people but that will include a lot of cost initially and it will be better to match Singaporean HR style with the existing HR style over time and slowly. Social and cultural factors Crime rate Singapore has the second lowest murder rate in the world. The security of personal belongings while traveling, the rate of snatching and pick pocketing is reducing every year in Singapore. According to a report by BBC in 2011, for 80 days there was no record of pick pocketing and snatching in Singapore (BBC, 2013).
Bowling has a long and rich history, and today is one of the most popular sports in the world. A British anthropologist, Sir Flinders Petrie, discovered in the 1930's a collection of objects in a child's grave in Egypt that appeared to him to be used for a crude form of bowling. If he was correct, then bowling traces its ancestry to 3200 BC.
Using Singapore to debate has an interesting point of view. After it separation from Malaysia at 9 of August 1965. The nation became an independent state. Singapore was on her own, a tiny island lack of natural resource such as oil and rubber plantation, and on the other hand Singapore own a strategic harbour location.
Since Singapore gained sovereignty in 1965 from Malaysia, its politics has been dominated by the People Action Party. Under the leadership of People Action Party, Singapore has a “distinct political culture: authoritarian, pragmatic, rational and legalistic.” Economic growth and political stability were maintained by the People Action Party’s guidance. Thus, Singapore is corruption- free government where power is gained through skill and performance that attracted investments from other countries (“Introduction to Singapore’s political system”, 2011). Singapore scored the point of 1.33 in the 2009 World Bank’s governance indicators for the factor political stability. The government also opens a number of sectors such as financial services o, telecommunications, power generation, and retail to increase competition and foreign firms (eStandardsForum, February 2010).
A Comparison of Theories of Social Capital by Pierre Bourdieu and James Coleman Social capital is a sociological theory which has gained increasing attention in recent years. Whilst Bourdieu can be credited with introducing the term to sociology, it was James Coleman who allowed the concept to gain widespread recognition, highlighting its importance as an individual notion. For Bourdieu social capital forms a part of an overarching theory of ‘fields’, ‘capital’ and their relation to class reproduction. The key importance of social capital for Bourdieu is its relationship with economic capital, whilst for Coleman, social capital is seen to lead to human capital. It seems that both Bourdieu and Coleman agree that social capital represents social ties or membership of particular communities that make resources, advantages and opportunities available to individuals.
What is the best way to relieve stress while still being able to knock things over? One fun and socially acceptable way is through bowling. Most people just go to the bowling alley for parties or social gatherings, but never try to improve their game. It can be demoralizing to be the one who constantly throws gutter balls. Why not make the experience more enjoyable by being a better and more knowledgeable bowler? Learning the history of bowling and applying fundamental techniques will help make a mediocre score turn into a result in which one can be proud. Also, backing that up with the right equipment and practice can really complete the package. Simple things like the right shoes, the ball having the correct weight, finger grip, and outside grip can start the game off the right way. To begin, one must first understand the history of bowling to discover why bowling operates the way it does today.
Woolcock, Michael, and Deepa Narayan. Social Capital: Implications for Development Theory, Research, and Policy. World Bank, Jan 1999.