Nature’s Gifts: A Pandora’s Box
In her essay, “Of Altruism, Heroism and Nature’s Gifts in the Face of Terror,” Natalie Angier makes the point that our success as humans stems from our capacity for altruism. Altruism, she argues, is a key component of inclusive fitness and our altruistic predisposition leads us to self-sacrifice and heroic behavior. But while we are celebrated for our altruism, we are notorious for our belligerence and hostility. We have waged the largest, most destructive battles known among creatures; our memoirs are rife with tales of malice and vengeance. What we have celebrated as heroism, in truth, has often been malevolence disguised in the name of altruism. Like altruism, hostility has been passed down to us from our
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One can imagine a clan of chimpanzees plotting their charge against the red colobus monkey. Angier’s account of this battle is a story of the altruistic colobus, standing bravely in the shadow of its aggressor, the mammoth chimpanzee, and attempting to protect the rest of the colobus herd (Angier 53). Angier writes, “As [biologists] see it, the roots of altruistic behavior far predate Homo sapiens, and that is why it seems to flow forth so readily once tapped” (Angier 52). She presents us with these findings to describe the origins of altruism, suggesting that it is an inherent trait passed down to us from our evolutionary ancestors. The notion that altruism came from an act of conflict is more telling of our evolutionary nature. Ask the chimpanzees of brotherhood and compassion and they will respond with rhetoric of the treacherous and deceptive ways of the colobus. They would have us believe that there is no finer deed than to rid the Earth of these miscreants. As the chimpanzees pursued their victims through the trees, was it altruism that flowed through their veins? No, a vile and decadent hostility surged forth from their pores instead. As with our chimpanzee relatives, our altruism is only there when it suits us. Our hostile nature defies us as, time and again, we choose conflict over charity and boundaries over …show more content…
But history tells a different tale. As the Roman hero Scipio beheld the ruins of Carthage, he reflected upon the fate of his fellow Romans, “[Scipio] did not hesitate frankly to name his own country, for whose fate he feared when he considered the mutability of human affairs” (Appian 639). Scipio’s words were prescient as he foretold of the demise of the Roman people. His prophecy is as law; many great nations have risen through the annals of time, but all have fallen and with increasingly harrowing accounts of persecution and oppression remaining in their wake. Altruism is transcended by humankind’s fundamental bias for aggression, a trait stemming from deep evolutionary roots. The tapestry of human history is woven with the threads of hostility — altruism only exists in the
Dr. Goodall is a well-known British primatologist who has discovered a substantial amount about primates in her many years of research. She has written numerous books, including one that we will be going into depth about called, “Through a Window.” Her book contains personal experiences, research findings, and even pictures to help the readers visualize her scientific breaking moments from her thirty years with the chimpanzees of Gombe. She states that there is are minor differences, and several similarities between humans and the chimpanzees. We will discuss these differences and similarities through their social behavior, intellectual ability, and emotions. To conclude, examine Goodall’s research to adopt what her findings can tell us about our early ancestors, and whether or not her study coincided to the steps of scientific methodology.
As our neighboring living families, chimpanzees as well as bonobos have been extensively used as prototypes of the behavior of early hominids. However, In modern years, as statistics on the social behaviors or conduct and ecosystem of bonobos has evidently come to light, a lot of interspecific assessments have been done. Chimpanzees have been described in terms of their intercommunity struggle, meat eating, infanticide, anthropogy, male position-striving, and supremacy over females. Bonobos, for the meantime, have been depicted as the ‘‘creator of love, but not a war’’ ape, categorized by female power-sharing, a deficiency of hostility between either characters or groups, expounded sexual behavior that happens without the restraint of a thin window of fruitfulness, and the usage of sex for communicative determinations. This paper evaluates the indication for this contrast and reflects the reasons that distinct portrayals of the two great apes have advanced.
In Barry H. Corey’s book, Love Kindness, the underestimated, devalued virtue of kindness is explored. Kindness is a powerful, gentle strength that is often underestimated and devalued. Living a life of kindness is not for the meek or the prideful for this is a humbling, bold, and whimsical way of being. Love and kindness are difficult to separate because kindness is a result of love in its most authentic state. Love and kindness are the keys to moments of vulnerability. In that moment of authentic love and kindness barriers are demolished and people are reached in their brokenness.
She took this time to recover from a failed marriage and the death of her late husband. She went back to Africa and was greatly saddened by all the harmful pesticides that people were using all around the world. She used her own healing time to study and actually understand inside of a chimp’s head. Her notes suggest that chimps and humans are very much alike. A human’s brain is more complex and can have a greater mind and thinking way beyond the average primate. She concluded while a human can ask further questions about the past, present, and future; chimps let their instincts come over. This explains why chimpanzees are very territorial and aggressive. Her findings also lead to that humans are forever revolving and chimps are not. Aside from her observations, she also unveiled the importance of the idea of conservation and animals’ rights. Goodall keeps pushing for humans to care for their world, wildlife, and themselves. (Editors)
Dealing with enemies has been a problem since the beginning of time. “I never killed anybody,” Gene had commented later in his life, “And I never developed an intense level of hatred for the enemy. Because my war ended before I ever put on a uniform, I was on active duty all my time at Devon; I killed my enemy there.” In A Separate Peace, by John Knowles, the value of dealing with enemies is shown by Gene, who was dealing with few human enemies, but his emotions created far greater rivals than any human could ever posses.
On that first fateful day, when Romulus struck down his own brother Remus, the cauldron of Rome was forged in blood and betrayal. The seeds on the Palatine hill cultured one of the most potent and stretching empires of human history. Though this civilization seemingly wielded the bolts of Zeus, they were infested with violence, vanity, and deception. Yet, one man—or seemingly “un”-man—outshone and out-graced his surroundings and everyone within it. He brought Rome several victories and rescued his beloved country from an early exodus, thus providing her a second beginning. This man was Marcus Furius Camillus, and against a logical and emotional mind, he was oft less than loved and celebrated. At times he was disregarded, insulted and even exiled—irrevocably an unwarranted method to reward Rome’s “Second Founder.” This contrast of character between hero and people was perhaps too drastic and too grand. The people were not yet ready to see Marcus Furius Camillus as a model of behavior to be emulated—to be reproduced. Hence, much of Livy’s Book 5 provides a foundation for the Roman people to imitate and assimilate a contrasting, honest, and strong behavior and temperament
By definition, altruism is "the principle or practice of unselfish concern for or devotion to the welfare of others". Through vigorous analysis, however, I have established it to be a complex ideology whose followers can be divided into three categories: slaves, abusers, and advocates. The slave abides by the ideals of 'pure' altruism. In other words, he does not act according to personal need or desire; humanity is all that matters. This is altruism in its purest form and is the branch of altruism which envelopes Catherine and allows her to feel a sense of purpose. Yet, much more common is the abuser of altruism. He is the altruist who ascertains and seizes any opportunity for personal gain by abusing the ostensibly philanthropic ideology. As ironic as this seems, it is common practice for one to proffer with the intention of receiving something in return. Peter Keating demonstrates how such an abuser manipulates altruism into a golden ladder by which he may reach success. Reigning over even the most conniving abuser is the omnipot...
An Analysis of Matt Ridley’s The Origins of Virtue. Inwardly examining his own nature, man would prefer to see himself as a virtuously courageous being designed in the image of a divine supernatural force. Not to say that the true nature of man is a complete beast, he does possess, like many other creatures, admirable traits. As author Matt Ridley examines the nature of man in his work The Origins of Virtue, both the selfish and altruistic sides of man are explored.
In the film, Jane set out a pile of bananas so she would be able to observe the chimp’s behaviours. She realized that the stronger, more dominant males were the ones that took most of the bananas, while the smaller, weaker ones, (primarily the females and babies) stayed back. In our society, we may not fight over a pile of bananas, however, we may fight over a pile of money. We would probably not be polite and take only 30 dollars and save some for everyone else. We would be greedy and try to take all the money. This same type of situation applies to the chimpanzees.
Khaled Hosseini’s The Kite Runner provides incredibly valuable insight into the intertwining concepts of identity and personal happiness, as does A Complicated Kindness by Miriam Toews. Undeniably, a healthy cognisance of personal identity is crucial to mental tranquility and happiness. Insecurity, for example is unilaterally viewed as an unsettling character flaw precisely because of the inherent implication of untrue personal identity. Accurately understanding one’s true personal identity is the backbone of happiness, as seen in The Kite Runner and A Complicated Kindness. Furthermore, it can be said that personal flaws, strengths and collectivist mentalities surrounding both Amir and Nomi’s characters ultimately contribute to their respective happiness or lack thereof, at the end of both stories.
In his lecture, primatologist Robert Sapolsky explains the uniqueness of humans as well as our similarities to other primates. In doing so, he broke it down into six points of interest: aggression, theory of mind, the golden rule, empathy, pleasure in anticipation and gratification postponement, and lastly, culture. Professor Sapolsky approaches each point with interesting fact-based examples thus allowing me to gain insight on humans and other primates. Sapolsky’s knowledge of primates along with his scientific background allows him to make a clear argument that one cannot simply ignore.
People perpetrate seemingly selfless acts almost daily. You see it all over the news; the man who saved that woman from a burning building, the mother who sacrificed herself to protect her children from the bomb blast. But how benevolent are these actions? Are these so-called “heroes” really sacrificing themselves to help others? Until recently, it was the common belief that altruism, or selfless and unconditional kindness, was limited primarily to the human race. However, within the last century, the works of several scientists, most prominently George Price, have provided substantial evidence concluding that altruism is nothing more than a survival technique, one that can be calculated with a simple equation.
Altruism can be found in various places like Primates, Humans, and even Bacteria. Reciprocal altruism is often mixed up with altruism, a good difference of them can be found in the common expression, “I scratch your back, and you scratch my back....
Some psychologists believe that altruism stems from evolution, or the survival of the fittest. They point to examples where ants will willingly bury themselves to seal the anthill from foreign attacks, or the honeybee’s sting. That sting rips out the honeybee’s own internal organs, and has been described as “instruments of altruistic self-sacrifice. Although the individual dies, the bee’...
Sulloway, Frank. "The Origins of Virtue: Human Instincts and the Evolution of Cooperation." The New York Review of Books 04 Sept 1998: 34