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Essays on the portrayal of genders in advertising
Essays on the portrayal of genders in advertising
Essays on the portrayal of genders in advertising
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In its “In an ABSOLUT world” campaign, Absolut Vodka uses ingenious concepts to comment on timeless topics and ideas with a desire to spark discussion and conversation. The campaign features numerous optimistic and bold scenes from a world where everything is as ideal as Absolut apparently is. Image C was recently placed in Time Magazine. This advertisement challenges the heteronormative gender roles in American society by emasculating the man in the relationship. Gender roles will be analyzed as the traditional and socially appropriate behaviors of men and women.
Using the cultural dimension of production, Absolut Vodka, the producer of this advertisement, definitely focuses on its specific target audience by keeping women in mind since pregnancy
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In many cases today, women can still be considered objects in advertising but Image C disrupts the status quo of gender roles. Usually, men are pictured as masculine, normative and in control. But in this case, he is holding his back, unhappy, stressed and pregnant. The man is show as bearing the typical female burdens of pregnancy. The dog next to the man seems to emasculate him further. Since it is pictured next to the man, the viewer assumes it is his own unmanly dog. It seems as though the producers wanted to value matriarchy and displace ideas of patriarchy for the audience.
The way that this advertisement defined an ideal feminine world completely alters and challenges the typical patriarchal ideologies shown in advertisements. Absolut also uses ‘the gaze’ as a way to capitalize on the feminine perspective of this advertisement. The body of the wife in this relationship conforms to the set of normative standards about beauty. The ideal white, middle-class, thin, conventionally beautiful woman is pictured on the right side of the image, holding a martini. The ad actually condemns the reproduction of the idea that women are passive and men are active, even though femininity was still constructed as to-be-looked-at-ness for the woman. Scholars of women’s and gender studies have always recognized reproductive practices as a way to manage social roles by sexualizing and gendering individuals.
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‘Othering’ describes the differentiation of individuals from a norm. It extends beyond identities to social practices and use of space. Absolut challenges the norm of a pregnant woman being the ‘other’ in comparison to the dominant, strong and powerful man. Not only is this man pregnant, but he also appears less “put together” than the female pictured in the advertisement. With an unshaven face and bags under his eyes, he appears to be ready to go to sleep. His hair is messy, his clothes don’t match, he is not physically fit and he is missing a button on his sweater. The man is posed in such a way where he is holding his back in a typical pose of a pregnant woman. In this example, the man is ‘othered’ in a humorous way to make a point in our heteronormative
This phenomenon suggests that all women are required to remain loyal wives and stay at home mothers who aspire to achieve perfection. In “Mirrors of Masculinity: Representation and Identity in Advertising Images,” Jonathon E. Schroeder and Detlev Zwick claim that “highly abstract connections are made between the models, a lifestyle, and the brand” resulting in a need to associate these products with a specific way of living (25). Instead of simply displaying these luxurious bracelets and handbags, the ad creates an elegant environment through the incorporation of sophisticated items. The women are dressed elegantly in dresses and blouses, adding a conservative element to the ad. The ad presents a rather stereotypical image of the very successful heads-of-household type mothers who have brunch with other elite women in an exclusive circle. Everything from the merchandise they sport to the champagne glasses down to the neatly manicured fingernails provides insight into the class of women presented in this ad. The body language of the women strips the image of the reality element and instead appears to be staged or frozen in time. This directly contributes to the concept of the gendered American dream that urges women to put up a picture-perfect image for the world to see. Instead of embracing individual struggle and realities, the American dream encourages women to live out a fabricated
The documentary Killing Us Softly 4 discusses and examines the role of women in advertisements and the effects of the ads throughout history. The film begins by inspecting a variety of old ads. The speaker, Jean Kilbourne, then discusses and dissects each ad describing the messages of the advertisements and the subliminal meanings they evoke. The commercials from the past and now differ in some respects but they still suggest the same messages. These messages include but are not limited to the following: women are sexual objects, physical appearance is everything, and women are naturally inferior then men. Kilbourne discusses that because individuals are surrounded by media and advertisements everywhere they go, that these messages become real attitudes and mindsets in men and women. Women believe they must achieve a level of beauty similar to models they see in magazines and television commercials. On the other hand, men expect real women to have the same characteristics and look as beautiful as the women pictured in ads. However, even though women may diet and exercise, the reality...
The 2012 Canadian Club Whisky ad uses gender roles attributes in order to persuade possible male consumers into consuming the product by appealing to their sense of masculinity. The goal is to reach men’s pride and lead them to believe that Canadian Club Whisky is capable of “helping” them achieve society’s ideal of a man through images and sentences that remind them of manhood.
As Freeman and Merskin assert, “… commercials that focus on a lone, sexualized woman doing something seductive while also eating a burger, the flesh of both humans and nonhumans become objects of camera’s implied heterosexual gaze” (470). In other words, Freeman and Merskin oppose to the usage of women to make a commercial more interesting in order to bring more customers, specifically male ones. Indeed, this is the role of women in Tui’s commercial. Women are on the sidewalk making seductive gestures that bring the attention of the main character, this “temptations” are what he needs to overcome to achieve his goal, he thinks about the beer he will get and this helps him to keep away from distractions. This is the message that media is bringing to our homes: women are nothing but beautiful objects that need to have a good appearance. Moreover, women are not always present on commercials; according to Freeman and Merskin, “… occasionally women enter the story, typically as decorative objects or as the symbolic ‘other woman’” (461). When women come to scene, they represent a beauty concept; makeup, provocative clothes, a voluptuous body, and silent attitudes are the characteristics that they show to the audience as the perfect woman. Several women appear through Tui’s commercial; however, they do not play any important role, their interpretations barely last five
They want to show a “sparkling version” of the product and that implicates that, “if you buy the one, you are on the way to realizing the other” (26). So the portrayal of gender is essential in advertisement when it is trying to catch the viewer’s attention, since gender norms can be considered as a form of silent language in the society. Simply put, it can be said that gender roles are “a language which needs no complex translation by the viewer, just transmission through the image” (Capener 3) and therefore it is important for the advertiser to utilize the imagined gender roles within the advertisement
The ad appears in Adbusters Magazine, a web page created by The Adbusters Media. This is a Canadian foundation that uses ads to fight issues in society like smoking and alcoholism. For example, in this case they are discrediting the Absolut vodka brand, creating a mockery ad against the product...
Though at first glance, the woman is depicted as the inferior while she caters to the man, and is also quite devalued as a person as she is wearing revealing clothing, there appears to be an underlying competition between the man and woman in the advertisement, this is emphasized by the colors and symbols. The woman uses sex and alcohol to weaken the man, in attempt to gain some dominance in the man’s world. However, from the advertisment’s title, it is seen that the actions of the female are “antagonistic.” The woman is criticized for her techniques at achieving power yet the male is not criticized for objectifying women or using them to fulfill sexual fantasies. While an advertisement for Skyy Vodka, this ad presents the world of a successful, white male and warns him against the young seductress, desperate for power.
Open up any magazine and you will see the objectification of women. The female body is exploited by advertising, to make money for companies that sell not just a product, but a lifestyle to consumers. Advertisements with scantily clothed women, in sexualized positions, all objectify women in a sexual manner. Headless women, for example, make it easy to see them as only a body by erasing the individuality communicated through faces, eyes, and eye contact. Interchangeability is an advertising theme that reinforces the idea that women, like objects, are replaceable. But sexual objectification is only the tip of the iceberg. In society's narrative, subject and object status is heavily gendered, with men granted subject status most of the time, and women severely objectified. The difference between subject status and object status is simple; a subject is active, and an object is passive. These messages...
Advertising in American culture has taken on the very interesting character of representing our culture as a whole. Take this Calvin Klein ad for example. It shows the sexualization of not only the Calvin Klein clothing, but the female gender overall. It displays the socially constructed body, or the ideal body for women and girls in America. Using celebrities in the upper class to sell clothing, this advertisement makes owning a product an indication of your class in the American class system. In addition to this, feminism, and how that impacts potential consumer’s perception of the product, is also implicated. Advertisements are powerful things that can convey specific messages without using words or printed text, and can be conveyed in the split-second that it takes to see the image. In this way, the public underestimates how much they are influenced by what they see on television, in magazines, or online.
Cohan overall leaves a strong impression on the reader that change in women’s advertising is very important and necessary. He effectively shows that women’s advertising is often unethical and ultimately needs to stop degrading women and move to more positive ways of advertising. Although, upon digging deeper in to Cohan’s specific claims on idealized imagery advertising, a gap emerges. Cohan calls the women in the ads who have been idealized “perfect” “ideal”, women that the “average women” will never be able to look like/be (327), but in all actuality, how can advertisements, or anyone for that matter, define what is “perfect”, “average”, “pretty”, “ugly”? Cohan overlooks this phenomenon, of the ever evolving, never definable term: beauty, therefore creating a need for deeper analysis.
We don’t see the product being drunk or compared to competitor’s products, but with the ‘no-nonsense’ slogan and a cleverly positioned still shot of the bitter the message is still clear. Despite the differences in methods all the adverts are realistic and simplistic in terms of their settings and dialogue. The whole series appear completely naturalistic and not at all staged.
Curry and Clarke’s article believe in a strategy called “visual literacy” which develops women and men’s roles in advertisements (1983: 365). Advertisements are considered a part of mass media and communications, which influence an audience and impact society as a whole. Audiences quickly begin to rely on messages sent through advertisements and can create ideologies of women and men. These messages not only are extremely persuasive, but they additionally are effective in product consumption in the media (Curry and Clarke 1983:
Belvedere, some may not know what it is; Belvedere is a type of vodka. This advertisement originated in the UK but it was banned for it’s content. In this advertisement, it states “Unlike some people, Belvedere always goes down smoothly.” It shows a man that looks as if he has been drinking, with a woman who looks frightened by him touching her. It kind of portrays that drinking vodka is an okay way to be able to attack or sexually assault women. The social group that this ad aims to persuade, are men that drink liquor. The social groups being represented in the ad is men that drink liquor and women involved in rape culture. Are men going to be able to have control over women, especially when they drink this drink? This ad problematizes the
Advertising surrounds the world every second of the day. This form of influence has had the power to influence how society views gender roles ever since men and women began to appear in advertisements. Through the exposure to many different gender portrayals in advertising, gender roles become developed by society. This stems from how men and women are depicted, which forms stereotypes regarding the individual roles of men and women. People often shift their definition of an ideal image towards what they see in advertisements. From this, they tend to make comparisons between themselves and the advertisement models. Advertisements tend to be brief, but impactful. The different portrayals of men and women in advertising show that advertisements
In the essay “Beauty (Re)discovers the Male Body,” author and philosopher Susan Bordo discusses the history and current state of male representation in advertisements. While using her feminist background, Bordo compares and contrasts the aspects of how men and women are portrayed in the public eye. She claims that there has been a paradigm shift the media with the theory that not just women are being objectified in the public eye, but also men too. Since the mid-1970s, with the introduction of Calvin Klein commercials, men have started to become more dehumanized and regarded as sex symbols. In a similar fashion to how Bordo describes gender, race plays a similar role in the media. People of all different ethnicities and cultures are being categorized into an oversimplified and usually unfair image by the media over basic characteristics.