El ángel exterminador, Luis Buñuel (1962)
Luis Buñel Portés fue un director de cine español. Nació en Teruel en el año 1900 aunque la mayor parte de su obra fue realizada en México y en Francia. Murió a los 83 años en Ciudad de México. Es considerado uno de los directores más originales e importantes de la historia del cine.
Buñuel se trasladó a Madrid en el 1917 después de recibir educación religiosa que marcaría una importante tendencia en su línea personal y artística. Inició la carrera de Ingeniería Agrónoma instalándose en la residencia de estudiantes donde entabló amistad con personajes característicos de la época como Salvador Dalí o Federico García Lorca. Aunque más tarde abandonó la ingeniería para terminar licenciándose en Filosofía y Letras. Se especializó en técnica cinematográfica en la Academia de Cine de París y realizó junto a Dalí el famoso corto “Un perro Andaluz” (1928), que representó su inmersión en el estilo surrealista.
El surrelismo en esos años desarrollaba plenamente la creatividad intelectual y la imaginación visual, dejando de lado los tradicionales conceptos de expresión y narrativa. Dió importancia a los mundos oníricos como un reflejo de la lógica que permanece bajo la capacidad subconsciente del ser humano. Su obra se caracteriza por provocar ansiedad en el espectador. Dado el estallido de la Guerra Civil española Buñuel se exilió en el continente americano.
Su cine surrealista, original y simbólico abordó varios géneros y subgéneros como son las farsas, sátiras, comedias negras, dramas de corte neorrealista o melodramas. Otra de sus características es que enfocaba sus flechas mas críticas en el catolicismo y la burguesía lo que se ve constantemente reflejado en la obra “El angel exterminador”.
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... de mí que me satisfaga”.
El autor de esta película cree que en la realidad se encuentra todo: el deseo, el sueño, el pensamiento, la acción, el gesto, el sentimiento, la razón y el sinrazón. Además confirma su descreencia a la psicología de la misma manera que lo hacía Nietzsche afirmando que “todos los actos son esencialmente desconocidos” lo que pone en duda la anterior relación con el conductismo de Freud.
En la película queda patente el uso de la idea del aislamiento como un pretexto para poner en cuestión la condición civilizada del hombre y mostrar el desarrollo de las conductas del ser humano ante situaciones límite.
Works Cited
MORENO TAVERA, Miguel Ángel: El ángel exterminador. El sueño profético del Gran Hermano buñuelesco. http://temakel.net/node/449
FREUD, Sigmund: Obras Completas: El malestar en la cultura, Biblioteca Nueva, Madrid, 1995, pag. 3053
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---. Poesías de Salomé Ureña de Henríquez. Santo Domingo: De García Hermanos 1880. Google Books Search. Web. 1 May 2014.
Freud, S., Strachey, J., Freud, A., Rothgeb, C., & Richards, A. (1953). The standard edition of the complete psychological works of Sigmund Freud (1st ed.). London: Hogarth Press.
Two conflicts during this time are seen as significant towards this battle between the interests of the Natives in the Americas. One of which was between two men: Bartolomé Las Casas and Juan Ginés de Sepúlveda. Las Casas defends t...
Wilson, Sarah. "Sigmund Freud and the oedipal complex." The Observer”. Guardian News and Media, 8 Mar. 2009. Web. 1 May 2014. <http://www.theguardian.com/lifeandstyle/2009/mar/08/sigmund-freud-oedipal-complex>.
Contemporary Psychology, 36, 575-577. Freud, S. (1961). The Species of the World. The Complete Works of Sigmund Freud. London: The Hogarths.
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Freud, S. (1957b). Some character types met with in psychoanalytic work. In J. Strachey (Ed. & Trans.), The standard edition of the complete psychological works of Sigmund Freud (Vol. 14, pp. 309–333). London: Hogarth Press. (Original work published 1916)
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The aim of this essay is to clarify the basic principles of Freud’s theories and to raise the main issues.
Sigmund Freud, The Ego and Id, trans Joan Riviere (London and New York: W.W. Norton, 1960), 5-6; 8-9.