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Racial disparity in justice system scientific paper
Racial Discrimination in the Criminal Justice System
Is the US justice system racially and economically biased
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As of 2010, African Americans make up 12.3% of the US population today. Also, the US makes up 5% of the world population, but make up a huge 25% of incarcerated beings globally. African Americans also make up 28% of all arrests, and consist of 40% of inmates of prison and jails. One of the most controversial topics in this decade is that African Americans are more likely to be arrested, sentenced, and to receive harsh penalties compared to white Americans. As for myself, I strongly believe that America is still greatly oppressed towards minorities, especially judicially. The Fourteenth Amendment in the US Constitution says “ All persons born or naturalized in the United States and subject to the jurisdiction thereof, are citizens of the United …show more content…
In short, the amendment consists that any US-born or naturalized citizens are subject to equal right and justification againsts the laws. As a minority myself, I don’t think this amendment is embraced enough in our society. Let's take a look back on this type of topic in the novel, The Help, by Kathryn Stockett. In the novel, Aibileen exclaims “Use the white bathroom at Pinchman Lawn and Garden. Say they wasn't no sign up saying so. Two white men chase him and beat him. […] He up at the hospital. I heard he blind"(126, Stockett). This scene empowers the sole fact that a black …show more content…
This stat is straight from the NAACP, the stat states, “African Americans now constitute nearly 1 million of the total 2.3 million incarcerated population”. Almost half the people in the United States of America in prison/jail right now are black men and women. It’s certain that some of the inmates have done wrongdoings and deserve to be there, but to realize that 45% of the people locked up in jail cells are African American tests the whole ‘Equality’ matter. Furthermore, another stat by the NAACP, they say, “About 14 million Whites and 2.6 million African Americans report using an illicit drug”. It showcases that white people have used more illicit drugs than black people yet more and more black people are getting charged for possession of narcotics. All in all, all races will commit crimes, but the way that prosecutions are executed are unfair and
The majority of our prison population is made up of African Americans of low social and economic classes, who come from low income houses and have low levels of education. The chapter also discusses the amount of money the United States loses yearly due to white collar crime as compared to the cost of violent crime. Another main point was the factors that make it more likely for a poor person to be incarcerated, such as the difficulty they would have in accessing adequate legal counsel and their inability to pay bail. This chapter addresses the inequality of sentencing in regards to race, it supplies us with NCVS data that shows less than one-fourth of assailants are perceived as black even though they are arrested at a much higher rate. In addition to African Americans being more likely to be charged with a crime, they are also more likely to receive harsher punishments for the same crimes- which can be seen in the crack/cocaine disparities. These harsher punishments are also shown in the higher rates of African Americans sentenced to
This research essay discusses racial disparities in the sentencing policies and process, which is one of the major factors contributing to the current overrepresentation of minorities in the judicial system, further threatening the African American and Latino communities. This is also evident from the fact that Blacks are almost 7 times more likely to be incarcerated than are Whites (Kartz, 2000). The argument presented in the essay is that how the laws that have been established for sentencing tend to target the people of color more and therefore their chances of ending up on prison are higher than the whites. The essay further goes on to talk about the judges and the prosecutors who due to different factors, tend to make their decisions
Black Incarcerated Males For the past two decades, the criminal justice system in the United States has been undergoing tremendous expansion. There are now more than one million black men in jail and one out of every four black males will go to prison in their lifetime. Knowing these statistics puts a burden on the black community because many families are left with single family homes, the unemployment rate for black males goes up, they can not vote and now they make jail seem like it is fun to go to. Black men in jail are having drastic effects upon the black community.
All peoples born or naturalized in the United States, and subjects to the jurisdiction thereof, are citizens of the United States and of the State wherein they reside. No State shall make or enforce any law which shall abridge the privileges or immunities of citizens of the United States; nor shall any State deprive any person of life, liberty or property, without due protection process of law; nor deny to any person within it jurisdiction the protection of the laws.
The Fourteenth Amendment concerns American citizenship and what it guarantees. The main conflict is with the Equal Protection Clause contained in the amendment. It went into effect in 1868, and guarantees that no American citizen will be denied the
race can be compared to SES non-whites have a more negative view of how often
The Fourteenth Amendment is what distinguishes the United States from any other democracy in the world. The Amendment truly is the charter of universal freedom because it guarantees that any person, black, white, Asian, female, or homosexual will have the same Constitutional guarantees as the next person. It deems that we are all equal under the law, meaning we are all equal under the Constitution and should govern ourselves accordingly. We are warranted the same rights, protection, privacy and due process under the law as any other American citizen regardless of race, age, religion or sexual orientation.
Turner, Billy. 1986. “Race and Peremptory Challenges During Voir Dire: Do Prosecution and Defense Agree?” Journal of Criminal Justice 14: 61-69.
According to statistics since the early 1970’s there has been a 500% increase in the number of people being incarcerated with an average total of 2.2 million people behind bars. The increase in rate of people being incarcerated has also brought about an increasingly disproportionate racial composition. The jails and prisons have a high rate of African Americans incarcerated with an average of 900,000 out of the 2.2 million incarcerateed being African American. According to the Bureau of Justice Statistics 1 in 6 African American males has been incarcerated at some point in time as of the year 2001.
In 1856, a free black barber named James Rapier had four children who were freeborn and told to flee due the the increasingly repressive and dangerous nature that the South had been conforming to. One of his 4 sons chose Canada, where he would study Latin and Greek and said in a letter back to his father that he will “Endeavor to do my part in solving the problems [of African-Americans] in my native land” (P. 418, First Paragraph).
Imagine living in a society which takes away your most important right(s). Put yourself in that position where; You have no freedom, You cannot properly live your life, nor can you own any sort of property, All because of the color of your skin. Even the government is corrupted by this belief of skin color defining your class and will deny you by all means based on this simple yet cruel discrimination. How would you feel? What would you do? In life humans must learn how to cope with each other and overlook this simple discrimination. The 14th amendment is important because it is the essence of Human life in terms of treatment and respect. This was not the United States the founding fathers had envisioned.
Positive conditions are coposed of those who wanted to have alonger leash when it cam eto religious practice
This amendment granted citizenship to all persons born or naturalized in the United States. Which meant that all people, including former slaves, including those freed after the Civil War, were now considered citizens. This was also known as the Reconstruction Amendment, which forbade states to deny life, liberty and land without due process. It also stated that everyone is entitled to equal protection under the law.
Mass incarceration is a consequence of criminalization that negatively impacts the solidarity of communities. When civilians see all the incarceration in their communities they become distressed and agitated. They find this act unfair and want justice so they become violent in their own ways. This is very common in African Americans wanting justice and it becomes an unhealthy pattern that becomes the governments problem because essentially everything connects to each other and falls in place coordinating with each other. “Human Rights Watch reported in 2000 that, in seven states, African Americans constitute 80 to 90 percent all of drug offenders sent to prison (Alexander, 99). This quote used from the book proves African Americans commit more offenses to be incarcerated and is becomes unsustainable when the statistics show these percentages and makes people assume that black people are the only ones committing these crimes. A great example of this would-be neighbors calling 911 on every little situation to occur instead of talking to the neighbor beforehand. They just assume there is chaos and would rather get the police involved instead of attempting to resolve the situation
The statistics say that African Americans are twelve percent of the U.S. population, but are 43 percent of the prisoners on death row. Although blacks make up 50 percent of all murder victims, 83 percent of the victims in death penalty cases are white. Since 1976, only ten executions have involved a white defendant who killed a black victim.... ... middle of paper ...