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Civil rights acts of 1964 apush
Arguments in favor and against affirmative action
White and male privilege
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Affirmative Action in the United States
Affirmative Action in the United States consists of the active efforts that take into account race, sex and national origin for the purpose of remedying and preventing discrimination. Under the Civil Rights Act of 1964, the federal government requires certain businesses and educational institutions that receive federal funds to develop affirmative action programs. Such policies are enforced and monitored by both The Office of Federal Contract Compliance and The Equal Employment Opportunity Commission (EEOC) (Lazear 37).
The most noteworthy criticism of affirmative action is that of the white male population who insists that such programs are forms of "reverse discrimination". In contrast to their view, the United States Commission on Civil Rights argued until 1983 that only if society were operating fairly would measures that take race, sex, and national origin into account be "preferential treatment." After the commission on civil rights was reorganized in late 1983, however, it took the opposite position. By January of 1984, it approved a statement that "racial preferences merely constitute another form of unjustified discrimination". In recent years, however, affirmative action has continued to grow, and the number of controversies surrounding its existence is consistently augmented.
In 1978, in University of California Regents v. Bakke, the U.S. Supreme Court held (5-4) that fixed quotas may not be set for places for minority applicants for medical school if white applicants are denied a chance to compete for those places. The court, however, did say that professional schools may consider race as a factor in making decisions on admissions. More recently than the Regents decision, in United Steelworkers of America V. Weber (1979) and Fullilove v. Klutznick (1980), the court continued to hold for affirmative action.
II. An Introduction to the Controversy
The transformation of affirmative action over the years is generally considered a negative and socially unfair one. Although the original intention of such programs with regard to minority management was one of an undeniably just nature, my research has clearly indicated that over the years, various legal trends have drastically altered the socio-political implications of affirmative action often creating unfair situations for white males who are not part o...
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...ope for in the current system is an augmentation in the number of companies educating their employees on multicultural human relations. Since the eventual long-term goal is to eliminate prejudice, the only way to do so in corporate America is to teach people about acceptance. Executive stereotyping only exists because mainstream stereotyping exists. Minorities can stop feeling like "inferior tokens" when whites stop regarding us as such and stereotyping us out of sheer ignorance.
Affirmative action must exist at least as symbolism of this country's commitment to civil rights. The thick blood of prejudice will still continue to run through the veins of U.S. society, despite upbeat talk about the increasingly diversified work force. Government-mandated hiring preferences prod companies into integrating their work force, and in the past twenty-five years of
affirmative action, blacks and other minorities have indeed benefitted both socially and economically. Individual businesses and the economy have profited, not lost. Until the United States conceives a better idea, it is most wise to maintain a policy that despite its flaws, is both a moral imperative and an economic necessity.
The name of this case and the specific facts, however, were unavailable at this time.9 Obviously affirmative action and reverse discrimination are still heavily debated issues. This is because they affect all people of all races and ethnicities. Conclusion Allan Bakke was denied his fourteenth amendment right to equal protection of the laws. In addition the University of California at Davis violated Title IV of the 1964 Civil Rights Act. By order of the Supreme Court Bakke was admitted and th e numerical quotas of the special admissions program were deemed unconstitutional. Justice was served to Bakke, but future generations who are not minorities may be plagued by the other half of the decision: That race may still be used as a "plus" on an application.
Discrimination is still a chronic global issue, and drastic inequalities still exist at the present time. Thus, the Affirmative Action Law is an important tool to many minorities most especially to women, and people of color, for the reason that this program provides an equality on educational, and professional opportunities for every qualified individual living in the United States. Without this program, a higher education would have been impossible for a “minority students” to attain. Additionally, without the Affirmative Action, a fair opportunity to have a higher-level career...
majority, does not advance the cause of minorities in a meaningful way, and needs to be
Affirmative action, the act of giving preference to an individual for hiring or academic admission based on the race and/or gender of the individual has remained a controversial issue since its inception decades ago. Realizing its past mistake of discriminating against African Americans, women, and other minority groups; the state has legalized and demanded institutions to practice what many has now consider as reverse discrimination. “Victims” of reverse discrimination in college admissions have commonly complained that they were unfairly rejected admission due to their race. They claimed that because colleges wanted to promote diversity, the colleges will often prefer to accept applicants of another race who had significantly lower test scores and merit than the “victims”. In “Discrimination and Disidentification: The Fair-Start Defense of Affirmative Action”, Kenneth Himma responded to these criticisms by proposing to limit affirmative action to actions that negate unfair competitive advantages of white males established by institutions (Himma 277 L. Col.). Himma’s views were quickly challenged by his peers as Lisa Newton stated in “A Fair Defense of a False Start: A Reply to Kenneth Himma” that among other rationales, the Fair-Start Defense based on race and gender is a faulty justification for affirmative action (Newton 146 L. Col.). This paper will also argue that the Fair-Start Defense based on race and gender is a faulty justification for affirmative action because it cannot be fairly applied in the United States of America today. However, affirmative action should still be allowed and reserved for individuals whom the state unfairly discriminates today.
In fact, family is the bridge of life world. During the family, children learn how to relate with institutions, whether in school officials, healthcare professionals, and assorted government officials. In middle class, children are more on interaction with institutions. Alexander, as an example, learns from his parents that he has the right to speak up and gathering his thoughts in advance when he has to deal with institutions. He interrupts his doctor’s conversation with his mother and asks question to his doctor. By contract, children in working class or poor families frequently seem cautious and constrained. Harold primarily answers questions from his doctor rather than posing his own. Thus, Alexander is assertive and confident in dealing with professional institution unlike Harold who is reserved. Therefore, children’s ability to deal with professional’s institutions is affected by parenting
According to the Encyclopædia Britannica, affirmative action is “an active effort to improve employment or educational opportunities for members of minority groups and women.” However, despite its well-intentioned policies, it has been the source of much controversy over the years. Barbara Scott and Mary Ann Schwartz mention that “proponents of affirmative action argue that given that racism and discrimination are systemic problems, their solutions require institutional remedies such as those offered by affirmative action legislation” (298). Also, even though racism is no longer direct, indirect forms still exist in society and affirmative action helps direct. On the other hand, opponents to affirm...
The issue of affirmative action has been a controversial one since its inception. The law was developed during the 1960’s as a result of the civil rights movement and the need to address injustices committed against minorities throughout the United States history. There were multiple attempts to correct the inequities between the majority and the various minorities including the 13, 14 and 15th Amendments. The Civil Rights Act of 1964 allowed for the creation of the Equal Employment Opportunity Commission (EEOC) to create rules to end discrimination. Affirmative action came into being with the executive order 11246 issued by President Johnson. The Civil Rights Act and President Johnson’s executive order have been updated throughout the years to address gender, disabilities, age and other characteristics that could be considered discriminatory.
Alcoholism is an addiction to the consumption of alcohol or the noetic illness and compulsive demeanor resulting from alcohol dependency. Heavy drinking causes considerable damage to the body including cancer, heart problems, and liver disease. Alcoholics have deep rooted problems associated with alcohol abuse such as trying to keep families together as well as personal relationships. Alcoholics have a tendency to lie about their addiction and are mostly in denial as they cannot acknowledge or recognize that their is a problem with their alcohol consumption. In the event of people that depend on liquor to capacity or feel physically constrained to drink they are considered an alcoholic. Alcohol abuse is the most extreme manifestation of issue drinking. Substance masters make a refinement alcohol and alcohol abuse (likewise called alcohol reliance). Not at all like heavy drinkers, liquor abusers capacity as far as possible on their drinking habits. In any case their liquor utilization upset toward oneself and hazardous to themselves or others. Regularly, relatives and close companions feel committed to blanket for the individual with the drinking issue. So friends tend to tackle the load of cleaning up wreckage, heaps, lying or working more to make a decent living. Imagining that nothing isn't right and concealing without end the sum of their apprehensions and feelings of disdain can take a huge toll. Kids are particularly touchy and can endure significant trauma when a guardian is a heavy drinker or overwhelming consumer. It also makes families totally resent and hate being accompanied by the person with the alcohol problem. (www.helpguid.org 1).
All in all, alcoholism affects the human body in a negative way. Trying to stay clear of alcohol is very difficult for alcoholics; addiction takes its toll. There are many support groups for those suffering from alcoholism and for those that are affected by a family member. Alcoholics Anonymous is the main support group. If you or anyone you know is suffering from alcoholism, please contact Alcoholics Anonymous at (212) 870-3400 for
The words plastic surgery ignite certain thoughts into people’s minds. One may think of a celebrity such as Kylie Jenner or the constant rise in breast augmentation. Typically most people do not have the desire to surgically alter their appearance. Some however, feel the need to enhance their look as a result of insecurity, low self-esteem or bullying. Others have certain role models they look up to and would like to resemble their idol in one aspect or another. Adolescents and young adults are the most influenced by the media. Often times, a teen girl will scroll through her Instagram or even look at models in advertisements and want to look like the women pictured. Even if this means mimicking a certain eye look or hairstyle. Some girls won’t settle for a subtle change and will want to take things farther.
With an increase of younger viewers, there were concerns expressed by the American and British Association for Plastic Surgery about the advertisement and the impact it has on adolescents and also its perceived pressures of teens undergoing cosmetic surgery (Fogel and King 233). Three psychologists performed a study on adolescent girls to see what their reaction would be toward plastic surgery reality TV. Some participants were presented a show about risks while others were presented a show that did not mention risks. The results displayed that girls were more dissatisfied with their weight and appearance after watching, but no changes in their attitude toward cosmetic surgery. There was no information on whether cosmetic surgery portrayed in the media has an impact on adolescent boys, but in fact, there was a higher desire to undergo a cosmetic procedure for girls (Ashikali, Dittmar, and Ayers
The purpose of job interview is eliciting information. If on the one hand the interviewer wants to know about the candidate in great detail including about the intangibles like his qualities, potential, attitude and teamwork, the candidate wants to know about the financial health, working environment, plans of th...
The second effects caused by alcoholism are psychological. At the beginning, alcohol makes you feel relaxed, but if you drink it in excess, it increases anxiety and causes depression. It also causes family and legal problems, violence, changes of behavior, suicide, among others. Alcohol is very powerful and alters all your normal behaviors.
Since the interview process is the most crucial part of the job search process, it is important that you take all the necessary action to prepare for this event.
Plastic surgery results in unrealistic body shapes which influence our society in many ways. As the technology improves, Facebook, Instagram, Snapchat and Twitter are becoming a universal medium, the conduit for most of the unrealistic and self-obsessed images that flows through our eyes, brain and into our mind. These three main social media influence women, men and children to consider plastic surgery and meet unrealistic expectations. In a survey, 13 percent of AAFPRS (American Academy of Facial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery) members said that photo sharing, and the patient’s displeasure with their image, are main reasons for increase in facial surgeries. Media today has brain washed both women and men to believe that in order for a person to look beautiful they must look like the images which are s...