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Women and advertising essay
Women and advertising essay
Mass media perpetuates gender roles
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Sexism in advertising has a long history behind it and comes as no surprise. It’s used as strategy in order to sell products and make money. It has trickled it’s way into our everyday lives from what we hear to the things we see in advertisements. Not only has sexism in advertising degraded women but it has enforced a misogynistic society and a presumed image of the role women take in society next to a man. Since the beginning of advertising, it has never been kind towards women. Sexism is embedded within American history and has still prevailed to this day. Advertisements perpetuate the same sexist narratives: the ideal woman, how women should act, and the gender role they play in society. Although the movement towards women’s rights has …show more content…
It was the same concept: personal hygiene should be kept up to par for a man instead of simply for yourself. Hygiene is important for anyone regardless of gender, however advertisers marketed their products as another outlet to showcase how women could please men. Veto would market their deodorants as a product that was of necessity because ‘’you are the very air he breathes.’’ Instead of marketing it as a product that women should use for themselves for hygiene purposes, it was marketed by connecting the message that women should use hygiene products for men. Lysol ad’s particularly were offensive because they enforced the ideal ‘’good wife’’ image. Their feminine hygiene products were advertised as women who seemed to have all these perfect virtues but lacked feminine hygiene and therefore, their husbands no longer wanted to be with them. Other ad’s focused on women’s body hair and how men found it incredibly unattractive that they would divorce their wives. Therefore, anything served as potential to threaten your marriage. Every ad targeting women for their skin, hair, and hygiene was to teach women how to stay young and beautiful solemnly for their husbands. Beauty was dependent on the way others saw you, particularly how men saw you, instead of how you saw yourself. Women were put under the scrutiny of men and women judged themselves based upon it. Not only does sexism in advertising affect women, but it creates an unrealistic standard of women for men and creates an entitlement attitude to act a certain way towards women. Not only will men expect women to act and look certain way, but they will also come to the conclusion that if a woman doesn’t fit a criteria, she is deemed as unworthy. However, advertising for men was the opposite. Men were expected to be the bread winners, bask in their masculinity, and they were not under the scrutiny of women because men were fine as they
Common sense seems to dictate that commercials just advertise products. But in reality, advertising is a multi-headed beast that targets specific genders, races, ages, etc. In “Men’s Men & Women’s Women”, author Steve Craig focuses on one head of the beast: gender. Craig suggests that, “Advertisers . . . portray different images to men and women in order to exploit the different deep seated motivations and anxieties connected to gender identity.” In other words, advertisers manipulate consumers’ fantasies to sell their product. In this essay, I will be analyzing four different commercials that focuses on appealing to specific genders.
Advertisements are everywhere. Rosewarne reveals that “In both a workplace and a public space setting audiences are held captive to such images; and both sets of images work to masculinise space in a way that makes women feel excluded” (Rosewarne 314). Take beer advertisements as an example of this. Beer advertisements have been utilizing the female body to draw the interest of males for centuries. This materialization of women has been verified to not only have a discouraging effect on women, but an unfavorable effect on civilization. The purpose of these posters is to allure the male 's eyes to the model’s body and therefore to the beer planted in the background. These ads strive to make you subconsciously affiliate a charming woman with a bottle of beer. In theory, these posters should make a guy imagine that if he purchases a bottle of their beer, that one way or another there would be a model to go with it. This is unreasonable of course because a pretty woman does not emerge out of nowhere every time someone has a beer. In my opinion, advertisements like these portray women as sex symbols. The advertisers attempts to link their product with the female body, does not encourage women, but rather has an accidental effect of lower self esteem and confidence in women. Rosewarne summarizes the her stand on sexual harassment in public ads by
The documentary Killing Us Softly 4 discusses and examines the role of women in advertisements and the effects of the ads throughout history. The film begins by inspecting a variety of old ads. The speaker, Jean Kilbourne, then discusses and dissects each ad describing the messages of the advertisements and the subliminal meanings they evoke. The commercials from the past and now differ in some respects but they still suggest the same messages. These messages include but are not limited to the following: women are sexual objects, physical appearance is everything, and women are naturally inferior then men. Kilbourne discusses that because individuals are surrounded by media and advertisements everywhere they go, that these messages become real attitudes and mindsets in men and women. Women believe they must achieve a level of beauty similar to models they see in magazines and television commercials. On the other hand, men expect real women to have the same characteristics and look as beautiful as the women pictured in ads. However, even though women may diet and exercise, the reality...
Early in the process of mass market consumers, manufacturers, distributors, and retailers realize significance of using their advertising to target women. Ads were designed and published to speak primarily for women. In the years preceding World War I, marketing techniques targeting women consumers became increasingly effective. Throughout history, women have always struggled for a recognized place in society. Despite the activities of the Suffragettes, support of the Labor Party and some members of the Liberal Party, women still had very few rights in 1900 and certainly no political rights. During the 1900’s women were still trapped in the “cult of domesticity” (Srivastava). A good illustration of the life of women early during those days can be seen in the advertisement O-cedar print ad year 1900 (fig. 1 below). This print ad speaks to house wives, saying that they have a wide variety of products to choose from. Ranging from a polish to protect her floor wood and furniture, dusting pads and mops that, according to their ad “reduce cleaning, dusting and polishing to almost nothing”. It is obvious that this advertisement reflects the stereotypical depictions of women as a “Happy Homemaker”, apron-clad and committed mothers portrayed in self promotional ads.
This essay will attempt briefly to argue the damages and benefits of how advertising shapes women's gender identity. First of all, gender identity, sometimes referred to as an individual’s psychological sex. It has been defined as the "fundamental, existential sense of one’s maleness or femaleness" (Spence 1984, p. 83).There are many types of advertisements that might form women gender personality for instance: smoking, drinking, weight and thinness and other supporting sorts that keep women in line trying to be good-looking and fashionable. Many advertisements portray women as just body parts or in a submissive stature to extra use subliminal meaning as reinforcement for male domination.... ...
The objectification of women is a huge issue in society and is often led by advertising. However, many men still believe that the adverts depicting women in a sexual and often passive posture are not very offensive, but rather very funny or sexy. However, how would they feel if it were their daughter or sister being advertised throughout the world as a sexual object? The Tiger Beer advertisement shown in the appendix is a clear example of the objectification of women in advertising. The Tiger Beer advert was made to appeal to men from the age of 20 to 60.
Advertising in American culture has taken on the very interesting character of representing our culture as a whole. Take this Calvin Klein ad for example. It shows the sexualization of not only the Calvin Klein clothing, but the female gender overall. It displays the socially constructed body, or the ideal body for women and girls in America. Using celebrities in the upper class to sell clothing, this advertisement makes owning a product an indication of your class in the American class system. In addition to this, feminism, and how that impacts potential consumer’s perception of the product, is also implicated. Advertisements are powerful things that can convey specific messages without using words or printed text, and can be conveyed in the split-second that it takes to see the image. In this way, the public underestimates how much they are influenced by what they see on television, in magazines, or online.
From TV commercials and product placement to billboards and posters, thousands of advertisements bombard the average American every day. To be effective, an ad must attract the consumer’s attention, maintain the public’s interest, create or stimulate desire, and create a call for action. These advertisements can be small enough to fit on a three-inch screen or large enough to cover the side of a building. But no matter what the size, in this world of ever-shrinking attention spans and patience levels, ads have to be efficient in portraying their ideas. In order to successfully depict certain ideas, advertisements rely on shortcuts. These shortcuts usually involve stereotypes. In the media, stereotypes are inevitable because the audience needs to quickly understand information. Stereotypes reduce a wide range of different groups of people into simplistic categories. Stereotypes create realities out of assumptions. Because of this quick method that the media uses to simplify its messages, however, it is assumed that the media relies too heavily on sexist images. What kind of an impact does the constant bombardment of degrading imagery have on an audience? Does it really make a difference on the consumption patterns of the audience?
Everyday we expose ourselves to thousands of advertisements in a wide variety of environments where ever we go; yet, we fail to realize the influence of the implications being sold to us on these advertisements, particularly about women. Advertisements don’t just sell products; they sell this notion that women are less of humans and more of objects, particularly in the sexual sense. It is important to understand that the advertising worlds’ constant sexual objectification of women has led to a change in sexual pathology in our society, by creating a culture that strives to be the unobtainable image of beauty we see on the cover of magazines. Even more specifically it is important to study the multiple influences that advertisements have on men, women and young girls, all of which will be discussed and analyzed in this paper.
Women – beautiful, strong matriarchal forces that drive and define a portion of the society in which we live – are poised and confident individuals who embody the essence of determination, ambition, beauty, and character. Incomprehensible and extraordinary, women are persons who possess an immense amount of depth, culture, and sophistication. Society’s incapability of understanding the frame of mind and diversity that exists within the female population has created a need to condemn the method in which women think and feel, therefore causing the rise of “male-over-female” domination – sexism. Sexism is society’s most common form of discrimination; the need to have gender based separation reveals our culture’s reluctance to embrace new ideas, people, and concepts. This is common in various aspects of human life – jobs, households, sports, and the most widespread – the media. In the media, sexism is revealed through the various submissive, sometimes foolish, and powerless roles played by female models; because of these roles women have become overlooked, ignored, disregarded – easy to look at, but so hard to see.
Sexism is apparent in all different types of media in today’s culture. From time to time, it is a specific product that should be marketed toward a certain gender. For example, a product like tampons should not be advertised to men simply because men do not use tampons. Dr. Pepper decided to try and take a new approach marketing their drink Dr. Pepper TEN by marketing it specifically to men. The ad campaign is blatantly misogynistic claiming that it is, “not for women.” Dr. Pepper’s advertising of a soft drink solely to men is degrading and offensive.
The average American is exposed to hundreds of advertisements per day. Advertisements targeted toward females have an enormous effect on women's thoughts, attitudes, perceptions, and actions. Most of the time, women don't even realize these advertisements are formulating self-image issues. These ideals surround them daily and they become naturalized to the ads. Advertising creates an entire worldview persuading women to emulate the images they see all around them. In order to create a market for their products, companies constantly prey upon women's self esteem, to feel like they aren't good enough just the way they are. This makes women constantly feel stressed out about their appearance (Moore). Advertising has a negative effect on women's body image, health, and self-esteem.
In 2013, the American woman can vote, be the CEO of a business, start her own company, and wear pants. Many would say that a woman has the exact same rights as a man in today’s society- and is treated the same as well. However, in addition to glaring economical evidence provided through data stating that women still earn 77 cents to every man’s dollar (Basset, HuffingtonPost.com), we find that women are still entrapped socially- by sexualisation and objectification of them. Sexualising and objectifying women in advertisements leads to the de-humanisation of them.
According to Kilbourn in the video “Killing Us Softly”, advertising since the 1970s has picked up the rhetoric of feminist movement and depoliticize it to sell products (Jhally et al., 2010). Feminism in modern advertising is heavily valued towards the ideologies of being sexually attractive. It opposes the significances origins of Feminism as a movement on social, political and economic rights of sex equality (Goldman et al., 1991). There is no significant development from the entrepreneurs trying to allocate advertisements towards the social movement. Instead, they transformed the meaning of feminism into symbolic currency as assumptions for business (Goldman et al., 1991).
Stereotyping is not bad but the way they are represented is not always positive. Women have been stereotyped from the beginning of advertising but it reached its peak in the last century, also known as the “Mad Men Era”. Examples of advertisements from this specific period of time show us proper examples of how women were looked down upon as housewives and frail and fragile who didn’t have any strength or even if they had didn’t have the