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Rose Steffen
5.10.2014
Final Essay Topic 4
CH 201. S. Grekor
”The greatest misery in adverse fortune is once to have been happy.” The idea that happiness was once attained and lost is a bitter sweet realization for any human who has experienced it. Fortune is acquired but it will be snatched away as quickly as it was bestowed upon one. When Boethius mourns the loss of his own fortune Lady Philosophy tries to reconcile with him. Attempting to “cure” Boethius of his ailments, she tells him that his current predicament is actually an act of good fortune. With Boethius sitting in prison awaiting his execution, it is understandable to see why he would have a tough time accepting it as good fortune. However, Philosophy has a way with words.
Lady Philosophy comes to Boethius wanting to help him. After healing him of his minor amnesia, she tells him to explain his “symptoms” and she will “cure” him. He describes that he is depressed and wants to know why bad things happen to good people like himself and good things that happen to bad people. She understands that Boethius’ condition and the reason behind his depression is his false idea of the true nature of a human being. Boethius misses his worldly goods and believes that human beings are only rational creatures doomed to suffer through the good and bad the world had to offer. Philosophy tells him that he is wrong and that it is causing him pain.
Lady Fortune, in Philosophy’s words, is a “monster” who “seduces with the friendship the very people she is striving to cheat, until she overwhelms them with unbearable grief at the suddenness of her desertion” (Boethius, 22). She is the representation of all good and evil which can happen to a human being, seemingly, without warning. Fortu...
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...appened to Boethius. She favored him all his life, giving wealth, family, connections, and fame. Then he is sent to prison to await his execution. Philosophy comes to comfort him out of his depression by giving reason to his sadness and reasoning behind the erratic nature that is Lady Fortune. Each explanation from Philosophy only leads Boethius to ask more question each at an increasingly deeper level. In the end, Philosophy heals Boethius of his depressing thoughts and longing of his worldly, fortunate goods. The main lesson he learns is that God will eventually bring you true happiness in another world. However, while still in this world, only knowledge and philosophy can bring you true comforts. Fortune’s gifts will be taken away, but she cannot take away what is inside you: what you know. Let Philosophy comfort you as you gain and lose all Fortune has to offer.
Effectively addressing the central issues found in The Song of Roland, such as the seeming cruelty of fortune and whether any good can come from war, requires seeking answers and points of comparison from major philosophy of the age. By placing the principles of Boethius’ Consolation of Philosophy and the motivations and actions of Roland in The Song of Roland into conversation, it is possible to extrapolate the applicability of principles within Boethius to Roland’s actions, and to the role of Fortune in the battle and its aftereffects.
Thesis: The completion and substance of Oedipus Rex allows Oedipus to live grief-stricken throughout his successful search for justice.
Fate seems to lurk in the shadows of these characters very being and it is this force in which they acknowledge their mortality as human beings. Boethius wrote The Consolation of Philosophy, which may be very helpful in interpreting the meaning of fate in the epic poem Beowulf. Boethius creates fate as a female character that attempts to heal the mind of a troubled man. Richard Green translates some of Boethius’s work in the introduction and interprets this woman’s role as, “She represented fate as a random, uncontrollable force, to be feared or courted, opposed or despised” (xvi). Green is trying to unfold the meaning of fate and Boethius’s intent to illustrate its effects on a man’s life. Boethius himself says that, “Fate moves the heavens and the stars, governs the elements in their mixture, and transforms them by mutual change, it renews all things that are born and die by the reproduction of similar offspring and seeds. This same power binds the actions and fortunes of men in an unbreakable chain of causes and, since these causes have their own origins in an unchangeable providence, they too must necessarily be
In The Consolation of Philosophy, Boethius uses good vs. evil argument in an objective, metaphysical view, on an abstract level. Good being the all-powerful God and evil being nothing. Parallel to that view, there is good vs. bad, which is presented from a human viewpoint. While the good has similar meani...
The Consolation of Philosophy is written by Boethius while in prison awaiting for his execution. It starts out with Boethius talking to lady philosophy and she starts to tell him about the philosophical view on Christianity. She begins by explaining that the vagaries of Fortune visit everyone and she has came there to "cure" him of all his suffering and sickness he is feeling through this troubling time. Boethius's view is more of a philosophical point of view meaning that he uses reasoning and experience to base his view of God. He doesn’t understand why bad things happen to good people and why good things happen to bad people. Boethius had a hard time understanding that God would allow good people to have a troubling life. Boethius has a
Initially, the prisoner finds it difficult to separate the painful events of the recent past from the direction of the present discussion: “’But it is also true that the worst kind of misfortune is one that befalls someone who has previously known happiness’” (Consolation, p. 37). Boethius cannot at first break away from the idea that Fortune has such an enormous impact on his life because he has just undergone one of the worst experiences of his life. Although Lady Philosophy urges him to relinquish his passion for the contrived “good” of man in favor of a larger, more wholesome good, the student defaults to the more immediate bitterness of his situation. Eventually, however, Lady Philosophy’s calm appeals to logic soothe Boethius’s emotional resistance. As the teacher progresses with her Socratic questioning, his resistance eventually slips: “’I can’t remember a time when I wasn’t worried, no…’ ‘So you desired the presence of some things and the absence of others?’ ‘That’s right.’ ‘Now everyone lacks something he desires, isn’t that right?’ ‘Of course,’ I had to agree” (Consolation, p. 66). One might perceive a hint of resignation throughout this excerpt, especially within Boethius’s final thought. He slowly realizes that he cannot find a flaw in Lady Philosophy’s logic even though he still feels emotionally primed to reject her attempts to get him to see reason. Nonetheless, Boethius reaches a point where his emotional attachment to the past no longer hinders his ability to internalize Lady Philosophy’s lessons: “’…It occurs to me to ask you whether you find any room at all in your theories for the operation of pure chance. Is there such a thing? And if so, what is it?’” (Consolation, p. 146). The prisoner’s progress is apparent here, involving a movement from his initial struggle to accept the Lady’s advice to an earnest appreciation of the
In Boethius’s book, The Consolation of Philosophy, Boethius talks to Lady Philosophy about the pursuit of happiness, fate and free will, good, God, and evil, and fortune. Of all these important things, good, God, and evil are the most significant topics of their conversations. Boethius talks to Lady Philosophy about evil and why it does not get punished every time. He also asks her about the goodness of humans and why they sometimes do not have as much power as the evil. He also wants to know about God and why he allows evil and does not make good more powerful and rewarding. Lady Philosophy explains these topics to Boethius and helps him better understand life as a whole.
In prison, Boethius wrote his most renowned work, De consolatione Philosophiae, or The Consolation of Philosophy. He sought relief for his grief over his great losses while writing this work. Boethius often wrote in a melancholic and distraught tone as he lamented. This is evident from the very first lines in Book One, in which Boethius wrote: "I who wrought my studious numbers / Smoothly once in happier days, / Now perforce in tears and sadness / Learn a mournful strain to raise." Boethius also produced defenses to the accusations made against him in his writing. During his imprisonment, Boethius wrote that Philosophy came to him in the form of a woman, who cleared and opened his mind to things he did not realize before. He became aware of things such as the selfishness of his regrets, what true good is, as well as "the mystery of the world's moral government." Boethius still suffered greatly in these times. His life ended around 526 C.E. with a very cruel and graphic execution. The way Theodoric executed him is unclear, but accounts say that either soldiers cut him down with swords, or tortured and clubbed him until he
“For this is sure, and this is fixed by everlasting law”, Boethius writes “that naught which is brought to birth shall constant her abide”. In his Consolation of Philosophy, Anicius Manlius Severinus Boethius explains how fortune is just and favors all humans equally, because beneficence and adversity is spread arbitrarily to “mankind”. However, some people appear to be more fortunate than others. To be sure, Boethius was born into a medieval social class that possessed more privileges and advantages over non-nobles, because he was adopted by a “man of highest rank” and, for this reason, made famous (among the Roman elites) for the merits of his “forefathers”.
Chaucer states problem in this way: "Everything is known for what it is by its opposite"(Chaucer 14). Chaucer's main examples of this phenomenom deal with the sweetness of joy and the bitterness of suffering. First, sweetness is made sweeter when one has tasted the bitterness of suffering. "And now sweetness seems sweeter, because bitterness was experienced" (79). When one experiences extreme bitterness, the slightest fading of that suffering brings ecstasy. On the other hand, bitterness is all the more bitter when one has tasted the sweetness of delight. Pandarus says, "For of all fortune's keen adversities the worst kind of misfortune is this: for a man to have been in good times and to remember them when they're past" (86-87). If one has tasted a high degree of sweetness, a lower degree sweetness is not as satisfying. This line of thought seems to be directly from Boethius.
Despite Boethius’s initial resistance, Lady Philosophy shows that because Boethius did not own his wealth or position, he was subject to Fortune’s transitory...
The fallout of the once blissful mother and son, and husband and wife, is inevitable as it was the predestined fate of the glorified king and savior of Thebes. Through Oedipus’s traits and motivations, interactions with others, and language of others it is evident that fate is not something you can run or hide from.
Oedipus Rex (the King), written by Sophocles, is the tragic play depicting the disastrous existence to which Oedipus, an Athenian, is 'fated' to endure. With a little help from the gods and the 'fated' actions and decisions of Oedipus, an almost unthinkable misfortune unfolds. Athenian perfection can consist of intelligence, self-confidence, and a strong will. Oedipus, the embodiment of such perfection, and his tragedy are common place to Athenians. Ironically, the very same exact characteristics that bring about the ominous discovery of Oedipus' fate: to kill his father and marry his mother. Oedipus' 'fated' decisions entangle everyone whom is of any significance to him within a quagmire of spiraling tragedy. Sophocles uses the riddle of the Sphinx as a metaphor for the three phases of Oedipus' entangled life, the three phases of human life, and to describe how every life-changing action or decision can influence other lives.
Words like destiny, fate, and predestination have a much meaning to people today, as countless people believe in it. On the other hand, the belief that a person controls his life has been established as an opposing belief. The book Oedipus the King, a Greek tragedy, written by Sophocles, examines this debate between fate and choice. Although some people argue that the tragedies that took place in Oedipus' life were destined to happen, the grim circumstances that surrounded Oedipus' life were the result of his own free will and the decisions he made about many of these circumstances.
In the story “The Widow of Ephesus” by Petronius, love, loyalty and extreme behavior are translated through the actions of the widow. The widow struggles and endearment allow her to experience an array of emotions. The people view her in the purest of forms in love and chastity, as she mourns the loss of her husband. She deprives herself of all comforts out of grief, and later she is tempted by a suitor only to deny him out of loyalty. Her grief takes her to the extreme of behaviors by fasting, self infliction of pain, and even denying her maid and the soldier simple indulgences as food. Even for a moment she holds on returning the love of a soldier. For “The Widow of Ephesus” by Petronius is a great story that presents the wide range of human emotions and how one may accept and move on.