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Rose Steffen
5.10.2014
Final Essay Topic 4
CH 201. S. Grekor
”The greatest misery in adverse fortune is once to have been happy.” The idea that happiness was once attained and lost is a bitter sweet realization for any human who has experienced it. Fortune is acquired but it will be snatched away as quickly as it was bestowed upon one. When Boethius mourns the loss of his own fortune Lady Philosophy tries to reconcile with him. Attempting to “cure” Boethius of his ailments, she tells him that his current predicament is actually an act of good fortune. With Boethius sitting in prison awaiting his execution, it is understandable to see why he would have a tough time accepting it as good fortune. However, Philosophy has a way with words.
Lady Philosophy comes to Boethius wanting to help him. After healing him of his minor amnesia, she tells him to explain his “symptoms” and she will “cure” him. He describes that he is depressed and wants to know why bad things happen to good people like himself and good things that happen to bad people. She understands that Boethius’ condition and the reason behind his depression is his false idea of the true nature of a human being. Boethius misses his worldly goods and believes that human beings are only rational creatures doomed to suffer through the good and bad the world had to offer. Philosophy tells him that he is wrong and that it is causing him pain.
Lady Fortune, in Philosophy’s words, is a “monster” who “seduces with the friendship the very people she is striving to cheat, until she overwhelms them with unbearable grief at the suddenness of her desertion” (Boethius, 22). She is the representation of all good and evil which can happen to a human being, seemingly, without warning. Fortu...
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...appened to Boethius. She favored him all his life, giving wealth, family, connections, and fame. Then he is sent to prison to await his execution. Philosophy comes to comfort him out of his depression by giving reason to his sadness and reasoning behind the erratic nature that is Lady Fortune. Each explanation from Philosophy only leads Boethius to ask more question each at an increasingly deeper level. In the end, Philosophy heals Boethius of his depressing thoughts and longing of his worldly, fortunate goods. The main lesson he learns is that God will eventually bring you true happiness in another world. However, while still in this world, only knowledge and philosophy can bring you true comforts. Fortune’s gifts will be taken away, but she cannot take away what is inside you: what you know. Let Philosophy comfort you as you gain and lose all Fortune has to offer.
The theory of hedonism is the view that pleasure is the only thing that is intrinsically valuable, thus making it so that our lives are only truly good to the extent that we are happy. The Argument from False Happiness challenges the view of the hedonist: the hedonist believes that a life is good so long as there is happiness, regardless of where the happiness comes from, whereas critics of hedonism argue that a life filled with false beliefs is worse, despite the fact that the person may still be as equally happy as someone with true beliefs. In this essay, I will show how hedonism is drastically discredited by the following argument as it is clear to see how false happiness makes a life significantly worse for the person living it: If hedonism
In the Consolation of Philosophy, while wallowing in his sorrow, Boethius is interrupted by Lady Philosophy who seeks to help him in his hour of need. Driving away the Muses, Lady Philosophy begins her treatment of Boethius. She does this by walking Boethius through a series of discussions, eventually leading to conclusions that should comfort Boethius. While Lady Philosophy attempts to logically show that all fortune is good, in an effort to comfort Boethius, she also shows that humans are incapable of fully understanding this and therefore complete comfort in this knowledge is impossible without faith. She attempts to show Boethius, through the explanation of Providence and Fate, that their bad fortune does not exist but at the same time also gives him several reasons why he will not be able to understand it. She makes it very clear that man cannot understand Providence’s working out for good because man only sees confusion and disorder and they cannot know peoples inward motives and inclinations. This means that Boethius cannot find comfort in logic and reason alone, but must have some form of faith.
Effectively addressing the central issues found in The Song of Roland, such as the seeming cruelty of fortune and whether any good can come from war, requires seeking answers and points of comparison from major philosophy of the age. By placing the principles of Boethius’ Consolation of Philosophy and the motivations and actions of Roland in The Song of Roland into conversation, it is possible to extrapolate the applicability of principles within Boethius to Roland’s actions, and to the role of Fortune in the battle and its aftereffects.
Fate seems to lurk in the shadows of these characters very being and it is this force in which they acknowledge their mortality as human beings. Boethius wrote The Consolation of Philosophy, which may be very helpful in interpreting the meaning of fate in the epic poem Beowulf. Boethius creates fate as a female character that attempts to heal the mind of a troubled man. Richard Green translates some of Boethius’s work in the introduction and interprets this woman’s role as, “She represented fate as a random, uncontrollable force, to be feared or courted, opposed or despised” (xvi). Green is trying to unfold the meaning of fate and Boethius’s intent to illustrate its effects on a man’s life. Boethius himself says that, “Fate moves the heavens and the stars, governs the elements in their mixture, and transforms them by mutual change, it renews all things that are born and die by the reproduction of similar offspring and seeds. This same power binds the actions and fortunes of men in an unbreakable chain of causes and, since these causes have their own origins in an unchangeable providence, they too must necessarily be
Thesis: The completion and substance of Oedipus Rex allows Oedipus to live grief-stricken throughout his successful search for justice.
The Consolation of Philosophy is written by Boethius while in prison awaiting for his execution. It starts out with Boethius talking to lady philosophy and she starts to tell him about the philosophical view on Christianity. She begins by explaining that the vagaries of Fortune visit everyone and she has came there to "cure" him of all his suffering and sickness he is feeling through this troubling time. Boethius's view is more of a philosophical point of view meaning that he uses reasoning and experience to base his view of God. He doesn’t understand why bad things happen to good people and why good things happen to bad people. Boethius had a hard time understanding that God would allow good people to have a troubling life. Boethius has a
Oedipus Rex (the King), written by Sophocles, is the tragic play depicting the disastrous existence to which Oedipus, an Athenian, is 'fated' to endure. With a little help from the gods and the 'fated' actions and decisions of Oedipus, an almost unthinkable misfortune unfolds. Athenian perfection can consist of intelligence, self-confidence, and a strong will. Oedipus, the embodiment of such perfection, and his tragedy are common place to Athenians. Ironically, the very same exact characteristics that bring about the ominous discovery of Oedipus' fate: to kill his father and marry his mother. Oedipus' 'fated' decisions entangle everyone whom is of any significance to him within a quagmire of spiraling tragedy. Sophocles uses the riddle of the Sphinx as a metaphor for the three phases of Oedipus' entangled life, the three phases of human life, and to describe how every life-changing action or decision can influence other lives.
In Boethius’s book, The Consolation of Philosophy, Boethius talks to Lady Philosophy about the pursuit of happiness, fate and free will, good, God, and evil, and fortune. Of all these important things, good, God, and evil are the most significant topics of their conversations. Boethius talks to Lady Philosophy about evil and why it does not get punished every time. He also asks her about the goodness of humans and why they sometimes do not have as much power as the evil. He also wants to know about God and why he allows evil and does not make good more powerful and rewarding. Lady Philosophy explains these topics to Boethius and helps him better understand life as a whole.
Within the first few pages of The Consolation of Philosophy, Boethius laments his circumstances from the confines of a cell. Lady Philosophy arrives to soothe him, but she soon discovers that her former charge suffers from a deep-seated existential crisis that simple sympathy will not cure. In order to fulfill her dual role as teacher and healer, Lady Philosophy incorporates both an extended appeal to Boethius’s poetic sensibilities and a Socratic approach to introspection. The empathetic qualities present in both of these educational methods help her correct the prisoner’s misery because they allow her to gradually overcome Boethius’s initial resistance to advice. Although he ultimately proves to be an eager student, Boethius finds it difficult
...on works in unison as part of the “highborn race”. Boethius account of humanity emphasizes the dignity of human beings by ascribing a fundamental set of human values to each person.
Boethius places an increased emphasis on God’s eternal goodness to prove He can neither causes nor condone wickedness, intending to provide comfort for the virtuous affected by injustice. Boethius’s belief concerning the interaction of evil and justice in the Consolation of Philosophy intends to comfort the virtuous from the seemingly wicked world. Lady Philosophy, representing reason, soothes Boethius’s initial concerns by explaining how evil, the absence of good, can never defeat justice, and that the wicked will receive their punishment when Providence sees fit. Boethius also places an increased emphasis on God’s eternal goodness to clarify the role of Providence in the natural plan of the world. Boethius advises the reader that true happiness can only be found in the stability of the self and a virtuous lifestyle.
The fallout of the once blissful mother and son, and husband and wife, is inevitable as it was the predestined fate of the glorified king and savior of Thebes. Through Oedipus’s traits and motivations, interactions with others, and language of others it is evident that fate is not something you can run or hide from.
Oedipus Rex”, by Socrates, is a play that shows the fault of men and the ultimate power of the gods. Throughout the play, the main character, Oedipus, continually failed to recognize the fault in human condition, and these failures led to his ultimate demise. Oedipus failed to realize that he, himself, was the true answer to the riddle of the Sphinx. Oedipus ignored the truth told to him by the oracles and the drunk at the party, also. These attempts to get around his fate, which was determined by the gods, was his biggest mistake.
In prison, Boethius wrote his most renowned work, De consolatione Philosophiae, or The Consolation of Philosophy. He sought relief for his grief over his great losses while writing this work. Boethius often wrote in a melancholic and distraught tone as he lamented. This is evident from the very first lines in Book One, in which Boethius wrote: "I who wrought my studious numbers / Smoothly once in happier days, / Now perforce in tears and sadness / Learn a mournful strain to raise." Boethius also produced defenses to the accusations made against him in his writing. During his imprisonment, Boethius wrote that Philosophy came to him in the form of a woman, who cleared and opened his mind to things he did not realize before. He became aware of things such as the selfishness of his regrets, what true good is, as well as "the mystery of the world's moral government." Boethius still suffered greatly in these times. His life ended around 526 C.E. with a very cruel and graphic execution. The way Theodoric executed him is unclear, but accounts say that either soldiers cut him down with swords, or tortured and clubbed him until he
Words like destiny, fate, and predestination have a much meaning to people today, as countless people believe in it. On the other hand, the belief that a person controls his life has been established as an opposing belief. The book Oedipus the King, a Greek tragedy, written by Sophocles, examines this debate between fate and choice. Although some people argue that the tragedies that took place in Oedipus' life were destined to happen, the grim circumstances that surrounded Oedipus' life were the result of his own free will and the decisions he made about many of these circumstances.