Advantages And Disadvantages Of Environmental Pollution

Introduction

Environmental Pollution

The environmental challenges of the globe face greater or more complex, never human lived in such an uncertain environment. Sooner nine billion people share our planet's resources. Increasing demands of population for food, water, job, energy, vehicles, urban culture and infrastructure are pushing nature of its restrictions. The contaminations of the air, water, or earth by harmful or potentially harmful substances from anthropogenic activities is a major threat that the reason for global warming, climate change, reduction of agriculture productivity, acid rain, air pollution, water pollution, soil pollution, urban sprawl, waste disposal, ozone layer depletion, water depletion, climate change and even impact

Anthropogenic sources are the major cause of environmental air pollution around the globe. The change in the atmospheric composition is from man-made or natural origin. Air pollution measures are differing with their chemical properties, reaction properties, emission properties and persistence in the atmosphere, capacity to travel in long or short distances and impacts on flora and fauna.

Classification of air pollutants

Air pollutants are in the form of solid particles, liquid droplets, gases forms and classified as primary and secondary pollutants that can have adverse effects on humans, plants, animal and their surroundings. Secondary pollutants are not emitted directly. Rather, they form in the air when primary pollutants react or interact.

Primary pollutants

Primary pollutants are substances that are directly emitted into the atmosphere from sources. The main primary pollutants known to cause harm in high enough concentrations are the following:

1. Carbon compounds - e.g. CO, CO2, CH4 , and

Emissions from industries, transport, gasoline and chemical solvents are the sources of NOx and VOC. O3 forms due to reactions of the NOx, Carbon Monoxide and VOCs in the sunlight. The smog has resulted from large amounts of coal burning smoke and sulfur dioxide. Present days, the vehicular-transport and Industrial emissions react in the atmosphere in the sunlight forming secondary pollutants.

Air pollution problems in the world

Ref: Air 10

Air pollution is a major problem in many cities worldwide. China and India show 60% of load of Total suspended particulates and PM2.5 in the Asian countries. Several studies are undertaken to monitor the air pollution and health hazards in the world. (Ref. 1-3). Respiratory and cardiopulmonary illness strongly related to air quality (3-5) and reported mortality, emergency and daily hospital admission with air pollution fluctuating levels in the western countries (6-8). However, few studies only observed in Asian region (9). According to World Health Organization (WHO) (10) air pollution is linked with 800,000 death cases. Lost life years measured as annually around 4.6 million.

Air pollution problems in the India

India is facing challenges of the fast growth of population, urbanization, transportation, industrial and energy consumption. As as result raise in the emission sources of various air