Becoming prominent 18th century, the Industrial Revolution was particularly confined to Britain, bringing profitable opportunities to the middle and lower class. Eventually, the Industrial Revolution spread to other countries, affecting each person differently. Adolph von Menzel, was a German painter, illustrator, printmaker, and teacher. He was the most important artist working in Berlin in the second half of the 19th century, causing him to have great influence throughout Germany. He also became one of German’s greatest proponents of realism, through his portraits, industrial artistic scenes, and his more intimate studies of interiors and local religious events. Menzel belonged to the school of German realism, but did not receive any …show more content…
official training and self-trained himself to paint. He wanted to express his work ethic and his reoccupation with recording the world as it was. He used, large, carefully researched historical pictures featuring an interplay between inventiveness and scrupulous objectivity. Another artist during this time period, JMW Turner was an English painter who started his artistic career at a young age. He was sent to live with his uncle in rural England, where he began his artistic career. His painting were specific English Romantic landscape and brought luminosity to each of his subjects.
In The Foundry (Appendix A), Adolph von Menzel uses dark color to create shadows, representing the darker aspects of the Industrial Revolution, while, JMW Turner celebrates the Industrial Revolution in his painting: Rain, Steam, and Speed- The Great Western …show more content…
Railway (Appendix B). Beginning in the late eighteenth century, the first Industrial Revolution began in Britain. Britain was endowed with coal, iron, tin and copper and had a government system that could “handle” the Industrial Revolution. According to E.S. Hobsbwam, the productive power of human societies was no longer held back, allowing them to be capable of constant, rapid, and limitless multiplication of goods and men. Another author named Cara Delay states, the Industrial Revolution transferred Britain from the classic agrarian economy to an industrial economy , in an accelerated evolution. These events were unprecedented economic, technological, and social transformations. Delay also claims that due to this change to an industrial economy, new forms of power were introduced such as: steam, electricity, and oil. Emma Griffin states, Britain underwent a huge economic growth, assisted with the early starts in mining an iron industries as coal became an important factor in the Industrial Revolution. The switch to these new sources of energy, solely defined the change the Industrial Revolution brought to Britain. With the use of railways and motor cars, Britain’s growth became self-sustaining and their living standard rose. Not only did these types of transportation help the rapid progress of the Industrial Revolution, but the new science of canals opened up a new front for easier access to trading new goods that were created. This caused Britain to organize their society in new forms, so they created the factory system and a joint stock investment bank, as new industries began to form. Delay also adds that the Industrial Revolution was split into two different parts. In the first part, the revolution focused on textiles until about the end of the revolution, when the focused switched to the railway industry. The first part of the Industrial Revolution focused on cotton and paper, creating the mechanisms that sped up the production times and led to significantly higher output. In the second part of the Industrial Revolution, factories worked with heavy and complicated machinery and tools. In these factories labor was facilitated by division of skill and gender. The factories, however, did not forget about the existing organic resources and incorporated them with the iron and tin they used in creating new methods of transport. Even though the Industrial Revolution benefitted Britain, there were also some disadvantages in the conditions of the factories that caused it to become unpopular among the people and several artists. Using the steam-filled gloom, bizarre shadows, and flickering lights, Adolph von Menzel creates a demonic drama depicting the struggle among men and machines, to convey his social views on the Industrial Revolution. In Art A World History, The Foundry (The Iron-Rolling), one of Menzel’s paintings, was painted in 1848. During this time in Germany, there was need for self-representation among Germany’s self-made entrepreneurs causing many commissions for depictions of their factories and factory work. The Foundry, depicts the production of rails for railroads and is described as “apparent chaos of the complicated iron rolling equipment emphasizes the dependence of the workers, who must submit to the unbending workings of the machinery.” The Foundry is the only painting in Germany that vibrated with political and social themes. Menzel does not glorify the revolution, like other painters were, but shows the bleak and disgusting working conditions of the factory. He does this by shrouding the entire scene in dark colors creating a steam-filled gloom and bizarre shadows. However, he uses red and orange to bring the main focus of the painting to the melting iron in the center. This creates the “hellish” feeling throughout the painting, showing how Menzel believed the Industrial Revolution to be the work of the devil. The painting is roughly divided into thirds, setting up a triptych-like structure, which allows Menzel to depict the various stages in the men’s work day. He achieves the triptych-like structure by running a strong diagonal through the painting, starting from the girl in the lower-right corner then going through the fire and huge revolving wheel and continues backward to the farthest part of the factory. Menzel spreads the light throughout each of the third of the painting, showing the influence of the Industrial Revolution on everyone. Beginning in the middle ‘panel’, you can see numerous men toiling with glowing and molten metal. The light is concentrated in this panel showing the direct influence of the machinery on the workers. To the left of this ‘panel’ other workmen are seen washing up at the end of their shift. Here the light is less concentrated, as the workers desperately try to wash off the influence of the Industrial Revolution. Finally, the far right panel shows some of the others eat bread that has been brought to them by a young girl. The light in this portion, is completely gone, blending in the people entirely as the Industrial Revolution has completely taken over their lives. The young girl is in a hunchback position due to the factory owners employing children for their cheap labor. Menzel takes a social stand on the Industrial Revolution and highlights the destructive influence it has on the people who work in the factories. However, Joseph Mallord William (JMW) Turner found the beauty in each scene, even the Industrial Revolution and painted using pre-impressionistic techniques to bring his views alive.
He paints nature being “sublime, a natural world unmasted by man, and evidence of the power of God.” In his painting Rain, Steam, and Speed: The Great Western Railway (TGWR), Turner praises the progress of the Industrial Revolution, unlike Menzel, through the use of mellow colors and soft lines. The painting is set in the Maidenhead Railway Bridge that crosses the River Thames. TGWR is drastic change from The Foundry. Turner paints a steam train engine plowing through a landscape, which has a divine, surrealistic quality. He brings together the sky, land, water, and a man-made symbol of industrialization in one frame, showing the unity and dependence everything has with each other, during the Industrial Revolution. He celebrates the new technology and the transformed Britain it creating. He uses linear point perspective to show the accelerated progress the Industrial Revolution was making, leaving the past of Britain behind. In front of the train, he paints a hare racing against the train representing the speed of the train itself. He also uses the hare to “show”, how fast the Industrial Revolution took over Britain. He also paints three dancers in white, physically celebrating the Industrial Revolution, showing his social views of the Industrial Revolution. JMW Turner is overjoyed
with the accomplishments of the Revolution, especially the advancements in technology. However, he laments the artisans that are rapidly being replaced. He paints a farmer on the right side of the painting and a fisherman on the left side of the painting. As the train speeds through painting, the fisherman and farmer are blurred, emphasizing the end of the artisan era. JMW Turner shares his important and provocative comment on modern technology that varied greatly from Adolph Menzel’s view on the machinery of the Industrial Revolution. In the two contrasting painting, The Foundry and Rain, Steam, Speed—The Great Western Railway, JMW Turner and Adolph von Menzel contrast their views on the Industrial Revolution. The Industrial Revolution, as all of these metamorphoses was marked by rapid technological achievement, mechanization, urbanization, and social change. Adolph von Menzel and JMW Turner have two contrasting views on the Industrial Revolution. Both take a social stand point on this specific time period. JMW Turner brings light to the accomplishments of the Revolution, while Adolph von Menzel despises the negative effects it had on the workers in the factories. Their paintings were not limited to the Industrial Revolution, as both use their artworks to bring light to other countries about the effect of the Industrial Revolution.
There are also a bunch of children that are portrayed playing inside and on top of the stagecoach. The colors that are used in this painting are all realistic, this is very important because it portrays what a warm summer day would be like on a farm. There are a lot of different colors such as bright green grass and bright colors for the clothes that the children are wearing. There are quite a few principles and elements that are used in the painting. One of the first principles that I noticed was the emphasis on the stagecoach.
John Neagle painted the portrait "Pat Lyon at the Forge" between 1826 and 1827. Just 50 years after the beginning of the American Revolution, this painting shows how much America had evolved. Neagle's portrait is a powerful "celebration of productive labor" (p 281) and the, "entrepreneurial and commercial energies that 'transformed' the country" (p 8). It conveys the notion of 'republican equality' (p 241) that Wood discusses and how was important it was to the leaders of the Revolution.
The influential English art critic and defender of Turners artistic style, John Ruskin, described Turner as being able to ‘stirringly and truthfully measure the moods of nature. ’ Despite many o...
Abram attempts to justify any issues with the industrialization by addressing the new, more spacious cotton mill and the lower sickness and mortality rates. Abram describes the positive forces that arose during the industrialization to outweigh the mass concerns people had about the laboring class’s working conditions. This positive opinion is counteracted by an image included in a magazine from the 1870’s that shows the visual of a bridge and its surrounding factories at the time (Doc 7). The Graphic, a weekly magazine that dealt with social issues, included the view from Blackfriars bridge over the River Irwell that contained the numerous factories concentrated in the one location. The Graphic was famously influential within the art world for its use of imagery and attempt to conquer grand social issues with art.
Thomas Cole was born on February 1, 1801 in Bolton, Lancashire, England. Due to financial problems his family endured, Cole, at the ripe old age of just fourteen, had to find work to assist with the family needs. He entered the work force as a textile printer and wood engraver in Philadelphia. In 1819, Cole returned to Ohio where his parents resided. Here, a portrait painter by the name of Stein, would become Cole’s primary teaching vehicle and inspiration for his oil techniques we’ve come to be familiar with. During this time, Cole was extremely impressed by what he saw in the landscapes of the New World and how different they were from the small town of England from whence he hailed. Self taught, art came naturally to Cole.
During the 1700s the Industrial Revolution first began in Britain , but traveled throughout Europe and the United States into the 1900s. Many inventors invented items to make going through life during this time much easier, technology improved,their were many changes in society, and working conditions improved shortly after.
Changing characteristics that made art unique in the mid-nineteenth century sparked the new impressionist movement headed by Pissarro that only gave the general idea of what the painting was actually of. The movement was seen as a counter to the very strict, detailed, and precise traits of art before this movement. The focus on technique was immense before impressionism, and because the revolutionary type of art seemed to discard all of these ideas, it was seen as a radical movement. One of the most important factors in the art itself in this movement was the use of light. In impressionism, artists use lighting to draw the viewer’s eye across the painting. It is also used to set the mood...
The Foundry, defined by Joel Garreau in his book called The Nine Nations of North America, is an area compiled of cities in the Northeast Corridor such as New York City and Philadelphia to the cities near The Great Lakes. The Foundry is located in the Northeastern section of the Continental U.S. With cities such as NYC, Philadelphia, Chicago, and others, The Foundry is by far the most populous area in the United States. The common characteristic that ties most of the cities in The Foundry to each other is industrialization, thus the Northeast also being dubbed the “Rust Belt” (Rust Belt). Even though it is the Industrial heart of the U.S., The Foundry is not limited to coal and manufacturing, but stretches out to agriculture as well. That being said, to truly get an understanding about The Foundry, one would have to go back to the Age of Industrialization to appreciate the string that ties these cities together. But even with such a big part of history tying The Foundry together, every city and area in it, whether small or big, has its own unique taste and culture that differentiates one from the other. From their physical geographies to their cultures, each make up what the United States is, a land of diversity. From Detroit, Michigan’s Motown Blues and Chicago’s Great Lakes to New York City’s Broadway, Ivy League schools, and Niagara Falls, The Foundry is made up of a variety of people, land, and cultures.
The first painting analyzed was North Country Idyll by Arthur Bowen Davis. The focal point was the white naked woman. The white was used to bring her out and focus on the four actual colored males surrounding her. The woman appears to be blowing a kiss. There is use of stumato along with atmospheric perspective. There is excellent use of color for the setting. It is almost a life like painting. This painting has smooth brush strokes. The sailing ship is the focal point because of the bright blue with extravagant large sails. The painting is a dry textured flat paint. The painting is evenly balanced. When I look at this painting, it reminds me of settlers coming to a new world that is be founded by its beauty. It seems as if they swam from the ship.
Benjamin, Walter. "The Work of Art in the Age of Mechanical Production." Illuminations. Ed. Harry Zohn. New York: Schocken, 1969. 217-252. Print.
The Industrial Revolution was a time of great inventiveness and insight which would change the world, forever. Machines were being developed that did not require manpower or horsepower, and did work at a far greater output than its human counterparts could ever hope match. Likewise, thanks to the inventions of mass transit resources, products, and people were being transported across the country in greater numbers, at far greater rates. Of course, this in turn had great impact, not only on the American’s whose world was built through these new machines and factories, forged in the Industrial Revolution, and who, themselves, came to enjoy the products of such inventions; It also had tremendous effect on how American society came to view
At the beginning of the industrial revolution in England during the mid-nineteenth century, the railroad was the most innovative mode of transportation known. The British Rail system was a forerunner in railroad technology, uses, and underground engineering. Though the rail system was extremely slow at first and prohibitively expensive to build and run, the British were not to be dissuaded in their pursuit of non-animal driven transportation. The most advanced mode of transportation prior to the introduction of the rail system was the horse drawn omnibus on a track, called a tram. This paper will examine the rail system from a cultural perspective, presenting the impact the railway had on everyday lives in Victorian London and its surrounding communities.
This was a time where different machinery was created to make finished goods (The Market Revolution, n.d.). There were a few gentlemen that plaid a part in the industrialization. A gentleman name Cyrus McCormick developed and sold a machine called the reaper that made harvesting crops faster. Eli Whitney, creator of the cotton gin, made the machine that helped separating cotton from the seeds. Samuel Slater, “Slater the Traitor”, brought the textile mills to America. Charles Lowell opened doors for women by opening a series of textile
Claude Monet ‘s Waterloo Bridge conveys his central focus of light. Similar to the other masterpiece of his – “ Impression of a Setting Sun”, the use of warm and cool colors in contrast with each other and distinct reflections and shadows communicates this concentration. The lighting of this painting is what directs you to the focal points of this canvas. Light could also focus on shedding light on a situation of this historical period. Below the physical elements of the painting is a significant theme of light in relation to industrial success of the time.
The fiscal boom of technology and merchandise of the Industrial age drove breakthroughs in science and industrial technology. During this time, realism; the truthful and objective representation of the social world, without illusion or imaginative alteration, was in full affect (pg 351). The Avant Garde art movement