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Acute kidney failure pathophysiology
Renal failure question
Acute kidney failure pathophysiology
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ACTUE RENAL FALURE 1 Emily Marroquin MED 2049 Acute renal failure Instructor Michelle Earixson-Lamothe 5/18/2014 ACUTE RENAL FAILURE 2 1 in 3 Americans Adults are currently at risk for developing kidney disease. What is acute renal failure, when your kidneys functions all of a sudden stop working and your kidneys are the body’s filter which remove waste products and help balance water, salts and minerals especially electrolytes in your blood when your kidneys stop working you end up building all the products in your body that need to be filtered and eliminated. The pathophysiology of Acute Renal Failure are due to three main causes Pre-renal, Intra-renal, and Post renal. Pre-renal is a sudden drop in blood pressure or interruption of blood flow to the kidneys from illness or sever injury. Intra-renal is direct damage to the kidneys by inflammation of drugs, infection, toxins or reduced blood supply. Post-renal is a sudden obstruction of urine flow because of enlarged prostate bladder tumor, kidney stones, or injury. According to The National Kidney Foundation (2014) “Kidney Failure does not have symptoms that are found to be medical concerning which then once people find out they have Acute Renal Failure it is already in an advanced stage”. There are subjective and objective signs and symptoms for Acute Renal Failure. Subjective symptoms are Lethargy, Fatigue, restless leg syndrome, depression, shortness of breath, chest pain or pressure, confusion, intractable hiccups. Objective... ... middle of paper ... ... smoking; this is making their kidneys die quicker than they already are which are struggling to try to maintain a small amount of filtration process. Lastly, a second long term goal is to encourage a person who drinks excessive alcohol to stop because that will defiantly put the person at risk to die faster than the disease itself and will also affect their liver function as well. These goals are meant to help and restore the process of Acute Renal Failure but will only be accomplished if the person with this disease is willing to give it everything they got to fight or await a miracle to end their sickness. Acute Renal Failure is a difficult sickness that affects millions of people all over the world the only thing oneself can do is to live a happy stress free life with a healthy diet and to always live each day as if it was the last day of their life.
There are two types of glomerulonephritis—acute renal failure (ARF) and chronic kidney disease (CKD). The ACF form generally develops suddenly as a result of an infection or illness, such as, group A streptococci bacteria, hepatitis, or in diseases such as lupus or HIV (Mathias, 2013). This type may require dialysis to replace renal function while it lasts, however, kidney function usually returns after the primary illness is treated. Many acute patients will not have any other complications as no permanent damage is done. Whereas CKD is found in a person that has had glomerulonephritis for months to years in some cases and may be asymptomatic until the kidney has become irreversibly damaged. ARF can evolve to become chronic if the glomeruli do not respond to
One of these vital organs is the kidney. Our kidneys filter harmful substances from your blood. One of these substances is alcohol. Alcohol can cause changes in the function of the kidneys and make them less able to filter your blood. In addition to filtering blood, your kidneys do many other important jobs. One of these jobs is keeping the right amount of water in your body. Alcohol affects the ability of your kidneys to do this. When alcohol dehydrates (dries out) the body, the drying effect can affect the normal function of cells and organs, including the kidneys, disrupting the body’s water balance, thus effecting the maintenance of homeostasis in the
According to the Mayo Clinic Staff (2012), acute kidney renal failure occurs abruptly when your kidneys lose their filtering abilities and cannot filter waste products from your blood. This is also known as acute renal failure or acute kidney injury. When this happens, high levels of waste may become accumulated in your blood and will alter your bloods chemical make up causing them to get out of balance. This failure or injury could happen rapidly over a few hours or a few days and can become fatal. Mostly people who are hospitalized and who are critically ill will need intensive care. If you take care of your body, acute kidney may be reversible and you may recover normal kidney function.
One of the major kidney problems that we face every day is Acute Renal Failure also called the Acute Kidney Injury which basically is that kidneys have suddenly stopped working and as I said earlier, our kidneys excrete waste products and balances fluids in our blood, so imagine not having a perfectly working kidney, it could cause serious problems in our body that could also be fatal.
Pathophysiology There are three different stages of acute renal failure; prerenal, intrarenal, and post renal. Prerenal failure is a result from an illness or injury that causes obstruction of blood flow to the kidneys, called hypoperfusion. Hypotension, hypervolemia and inadequate cardiac output are all examples that could cause prerenal failure. According to Lippincott Williams and Wilkins (2009), “prerenal azotemia, excess nitrogenous waste products in the blood, account for 40% to 80% of all cases of acute renal failure” (p. 307). Intrarenal is when there is direct damage to the kidney tissue by either inflammations, drugs, infections or a reduction in the blood supply to the kidney. Post renal is when there is an obstruction of the urine flow. Causes of obstruction could be enlarged prostate gland, kidney stones, bladder tumor or injury. There are four phases of acute renal failure; onset, oliguria, diuresis and recovery. The onset phase can last hours or up to days. The BUN and creatinine levels may start to increas...
Chronic kidney disease also denoted as chronic renal failure is the gradual failure of the kidney to perform its function as required. The condition occurs gradually thus goes undetected until when it is too late. According to Buttaro et al (2013, p.723), there are certain risk factors that lead to the development of chronic kidney disease that individuals should be conversant with. Chronic kidney disease is hereditary meaning it can be passed from a parent to a child via genes. Age is another factor. This implies that people over 60 years are likely to get the disease thus should be cautious. Individuals having atherosclerosis, bladder obstruction, chronic glomerulonephritis or congenital kidney disease are also at the risk of getting the
The renal disease are common nowadays .The acute renal failure is a medical term means that the kidneys stopped from working and not able to clear toxins from body ,not able to maintained a stable electrolyte balance inside the body and not able to secret the extra fluid as urine outside the body. The renal replacement therapy (RRT) or dialysis has been discovered on 1913 by Able, Rowntree and Turner in London, UK.
Without proper working kidneys, blood pressure can rise, body fluids accumulate and red blood cell count can decrease. Usually kidney problems occur from disease, conditions and disorders. Disease can come from damage to nephrons, which help filter the blood. Infections can travel from the bladder up to the kidneys. Kidney cancers, kidney stones, cysts and injury all can damage a kidney. Without properly working kidneys, our heart, lungs and brain, as well as other organs are put in danger. (Capicchiano 2013) Kidney dialysis is not always a permanent need; sometimes it is needed for a short time. Kidney dialysis can occur in many places, the hospital, a home or in a center. Often people return to work after dialysis, unless their job involves strenuous activity such as heavy lifting or digging. (Lewin, 2010)
There are some symptoms which can helps in order to identify and can be found in people who are affected. Symptoms such as smoking, physical inactivity change in amount of urine passed in a period of time and pain in kidney areas, high blood pressure, diabetes and glomerulonephritis.
People spend hours going to dialysis, doctor offices, and making sure all medications are took. “Coping with kidney failure is not just about managing the physical symptoms with treatment. It’s a major life change that can cause a great deal of stress and can give rise to a range of emotional reactions.” Different people react in various ways. Theres a pattern to the way that most people react. Some examples of emotional reactions are depression, stress, anxiety, and sexual problems. People may feel miserable because they are having difficulty coming to terms with some of the changes their conditions are striking against them. All human beings find change stressful. As a person with kidney failure they will have to handle more change than most people. It’s not just the change of their lifestyle, but the ongoing change dealing with adjustments of their diets, medications, and forms of treatment. There are plenty of ways kidney failures people can deal with stress such as, talking to someone who understands, doing fun activities, relaxing, or even taking short breaks. “Specific anxieties that renal patients may have are worries about how the illness will affect their relationship, their ability to work, their quality of life, and about understanding their conditions or managing their treatment.” Reasons for sexual problems include hormonal problems, medication, tiredness, emotional factors, and relationship difficulties.When on dialysis you will need to choose foods that give you the right amount of protein, calories, and minerals. When eating that it will help you stay healthy and fit and it also help your kidney disease from getting worse. There are five stages of kidney disease; their doctor determines thei...
Sepsis is defined as a systemic inflammatory response caused by an infective process such as viral, bacterial or fungal (Holling, 2011). Assessment on a patient and starting treatment for sepsis is based on identifying several factors including the infective source, antibiotic administration and fluid replacement (Bailey, 2013). Because time is critical any delay in identifying patients with sepsis will have a negatively affect the patients’ outcome. Many studies have concluded every hour in delay of treatment mortality is increased by 7% (Bailey, 2013). Within this assignment I will briefly discuss the previous practice and the recent practice including the study based on sepsis. I will show what enabled practice to change and I will use the two comparisons of current practice and best practice.
Urinary Tract Infection, also known as UTI, occurs in two common locations, the bladder and kidneys. The kidneys are important organs that aid in filtering out waste products from blood and maintaining water distribution throughout the body. The waste products are filtered out via bladder, which is the reason of the bladder being the second site for the infection. A normal human being has two kidneys, one on left and right side, a bean shaped organ, and is located at the back of the abdomen. “Each kidney is about 11.5 cm long, 5-7.5 cm broad, 5 cm thick, and weight about 150 grams” (HealthInfoNet, Paragraph 2). Furthermore, a bacterium named Escherichia coli lives in both the kidneys and the GI tract. E. coli is part of the human body and produces
As the kidneys regulate the quantity of fluid which leaves the body, patients who suffer from kidney disease progression, may be not be able to regularize fluid removal from their body. Due to this scenario, their physician or specialist may ask them to reduce their intake of fluid. Lowering daily fluid intake for the renal diet involves: not drinking to socialize or from habit, only having a drink when thirsty, and sucking on a wedge of lemon or chips of ice. It also entails taking measures for monitoring the quantity of fluid that is drunk. This is done by measuring a regularly used glass or cup to measure the quantity of fluid it holds, as well as placing the recommended daily quantity of water into a specific container, and then only taking the fluid that is consumed from this. This insures that the recommended amount is not exceeded (Medical
Kidney plays an important role in the smooth mechanism of different functions in our body. Failure of Kidneys can be a great threat to the life of a person. Since the lifestyle of people today has changed to a great extent, people often complain in pain in kidney, stone formation, intestinal disorders, etc… Failure of kidneys is a threat to life. Since infection in one kidney affects the other one drastically, it becomes essential for the person to cure it on urgent basis. Dialysis is a very common treatment that is often taken by kidney patients. Since dialysis is a very painful process, there are times when patients are unable to stand it as well.
Chronic Kidney Disease. Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research, 2014. Web. 20 May 2014.