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Military leadership development
Alexander the great conquest essay
Military leadership development
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Acquisitive vs Satisfied Powers Acquisitive vs. satisfied power, represent opposite ends of the spectrum on leading an empire. Almost every great empire was one of these two types, and more often than not become both. Exactly what are "acquisitive" and "satisfied" powers, and how does a great dynasty like the Ch'in fit into these terms? The acquisitive power is the classic view of an expansion focused empire (Roman, Alexandrian, etc). This empire is aggressive and offensive in war, often taking and destroying neighboring states. With this type of empire comes the "melting pot" analogy, with many peoples and cultures assimilated into one. They move around the empire, bring new ideas and customs to other places leading to cultural pluralism …show more content…
Achilles, ancient Greek son of a goddess, blessed with immortality and filled with rage. In analyzing his primeval foil in the context of his view on the warrior's code, Bruce Lee would most likely think Achilles a purposeless shell of a warrior. Gung fu proposes that the practitioner not only become deadly weapon in combat, but also to "detach from the desires of his ego" and "seek justice through just means" (French, 196). Basically: martial arts as enlightenment to ones humanity. Achilles, on the other hand was angry, a warrior for his own sake. He is drawn to fight because he believed it his destiny, not because it is "justice". He desecrated the body of his enemy, whom he took revenge upon. He fought for power and legend, and paid no heed to mindfulness or justice. Sun Tzu on Alexander the Great Sun Tzu, great Chinese military theorist and author of The Art of War. Alexander the Great, one of history's greatest generals of the west. If asked, Sun Tzu would have thought that Alexander was a brilliant general, but a terrible …show more content…
Both had strong tactics and soldiers. However, Roman troops and tactics were far superior to the Greeks. Greek warfare centered on the hoplite, a fairly heavy infantryman, whose main tactic was the phalanx. The hoplite was very effective in flat, open terrain, and they were generally reinforced by fewer types of support troops. The hoplite was armed with a spear and heavy armor. The phalanx was a tightly packed group of hoplites forming a shield wall. Their best (and pretty much only) tactic was to bash the enemy shield wall with their own shields, while the men at the front stabbed over and under with their spears. The downside was that the movements were predictable and the hoplite had little versatility in rough terrain. The hoplite had little use outside of the phalanx as their heavy armor limited movement and visibility. This limited their command options, tactics and
Without the right ecosystem for horses, the ancient Greeks were forced to trade for horses, which were highly expensive. The ancient Greeks were then forced to come up with a way to counter the Persians’ use of cavalry, which they solved with the creation of the phalanx. A phalanx was a group of soldiers armed with 7- to 8-foot-long spears, short swords, and round shields that were able to interlock with other shields. The soldiers wore a helmet, breastplate, and usually greaves. A phalanx is made up of lines of men extending their spears towards the enemy's direction. If a soldier is killed, the soldier from behind is to take his place, and this continues until all of the soldiers are killed. Machiavelli wrote, “The injuries which the first rank suffered, depleted the last, and the first rank always remained complete; and thus the Phalanxes, because of their arrangement, were able rather to become depleted than broken, since the large (size of its) body made it more immobile.” Machiavelli greatly admired the phalanx and considered it to be a useful formation if used correctly. Eventually Phillip the II of Macedonia improved the phalanx by doubling the spear length and reducing the shield size, which greatly increased a phalanx’s mobility. The Greeks would line up their phalanxes, and when the Persian
Greeks and Romans are famous for the strategy's that they used. The Greeks main strategy was called the Phanlax. They basically have a rectangle of troops and each on...
Achilles’ true nature is that of a warrior. The son of Peleus must fight. When he denounces Agamemnon and the Achaeans, he does not go home. His ship is last in line, near Troy. Subconsciously, he has already made the choice of accepting a short life filled with glory. Subconsciously, he wants to go back to war. He needs to. However, he also needs to insure his possession of glory and honor. But what kind of glory, what kind of honor? He already possesses the honor of the gods. He says, “my honor lies in the great decree of Zeus…” (IX.741.p.272). By book IX, material wealth is no longer what Achilles wants. He spurns Agamemnon’s offers. The typical mortal concepts of heroism no longer concern him; his ideals differ from those of his peers. Phoenix’s Meleager is no example to him. However, at this point Achilles still does not know what he wants. Pride and stubbornness still supplement his rage, but now his anger appears to be a manifestation of his fear and confusion—“Stop confusing my fixed resolve with this…” (IX.745-746.p.272). Achilles knows that he wants honor and glory, but in what form?
The Ancient Greeks admired their heroes and tried to learn from both their achievements and their mistakes. They believed that most great leaders and warriors followed a predictable behavior cycle, which often ended tragically. In Homer’s epic poem, The Iliad, Achilles is a great warrior who traces the stages of the behavior cycle twice, from arete to hubris to ate and then to nemesis. Achilles is a highly skilled warrior and a great leader who becomes a narcissist and an arrogant person, which leads to selfish and childish behavior resulting in the death of his best friend. Following Patroclus’ death, Achilles repeats the behavior cycle by regaining his courage and motivation, and goes back to battle against Hector. The pride he feels in killing Hector and his overpowering hatred for him, leads Achilles to another bad decision: disrespecting the body of his enemy. This foolish choice leads directly to Achilles death. Although The Iliad is mainly known as a story about the Trojan War, it is understood as a story about Achilles and his struggle to be a hero.
Hector and Achilles both show extravagant heroic qualities in The Iliad and the movie Troy. The character I admire most is Achilles considering he definitely knows how to express his mind and he knows what he wants. Achilles’ qualities include confidence, determination, and intelligence. Achilles may kill a numerous number of people, but he does show kindness and respect, he expresses himself, and cares deeply for his loved ones.
Unlike the Spartan Agrarian based, exclusive economy, the Athenians practiced vast and complex external trade. This is reflected in the very make-up of the Athenian and Spartan militaries. Sparta was a primarily land based military with focus lying on Hoplite formations of infantry, whereas Athens had an extensive naval tradition in their military affairs. Attica had a considerable coastline on the south and east
Every Spartan male was trained to become a soldier from birth. While this was true for Sparta, the Macedonian hoplites had little to no training before war. Even with no training, they became experienced through the many battles they fought and through Alexander’s directive. Many Macedonian soldiers instead were normal citizens who were recruited to join the army and in return for their service, they would become citizens and have the right to vote and etc. To start off, the Spartan’s armor and weapons were exceptional. They had bronze helmets and armor. The armor was decently heavy but when you are made of pure muscle, bronze becomes very light on the body. Along with their armor, the famous Spartan shield was also bronze. Their weapons consisted of one long spear and a steel sword sheathed on their side for close combat. However, it was not their weapons and armor that won them limitless battles and war, in fact, it was their strategy that is known as the “phalanx” formation. Alexander and the Macedonians used a similar formation for their army, but the Spartans used this formation in a simple but very effective way for its troops. The “phalanx formation,” in general, is when soldiers form a square, standing shoulder to shoulder and protecting the soldier next to them instead of themselves. It requires soldiers to move and fight as one unit instead of breaking formation and fighting uncoordinatedly. As a result, staying in formation allowed Spartans to look after their fellow brothers more easily on the battlefield. This Spartan system had such a reputation that even King Philip did not want to go to battle with Sparta. Philip even sent Sparta a message while he was on his way to claim Athens. The message told Sparta to “submit immediately” because if he (Philip) were to win the war with Athens, Sparta would be the next Macedonian target and he would “destroy the people of Sparta and all they have.”
The heroes of ancient Greece were tall, terrible figures of herculean strength and superhuman power. They weren’t thought of as heroes for their personality or character, but for the massive number of soldiers slain in war or one-on-one duels won for their countries. A perfect personification of the ancient hero is Achilles, the protagonist of Homer’s The Iliad. As described in the manuscript, Achilles was the greatest fighter and warrior among the Achaeans. He is an exceptional warrior, and The Iliad is filled with accounts of his victories in battle. Not only that, but he defeats Hector, the leader of the Trojan arm...
There are times in history that something will happen and it will defy all logic. It was one of those times when a few Greek city/states joined together and defeated the invasion force of the massive Persian Empire. The Greeks were able to win the Greco-Persian War because of their naval victories over the Persians, a few key strategic victories on land, as well as the cause for which they were fighting. The naval victories were the most important contribution to the overall success against the Persians. The Persian fleet was protecting the land forces from being outflanked and after they were defeated the longer had that protection. While the Greeks had very few overall victories in battle they did have some strategic victories. The Battle of Thermopylae is an example of a strategic success for the Greeks. The morale of the Persian army was extremely affected by the stout resistance put up by King Leonidas and his fellow Spartans. The Greeks fought so hard against overwhelming odds because of what they were fighting for. They were fighting for their country and their freedom. They fought so hard because they did not want to let down the man next to them in the formation. Several things contributed to the Greeks success against the Persian invasion that happened during the Second Greco-Persian War.
...rated the superiority of the Greek long spear and armor over the weapons of the Persians, as well as the superior tactics of Miltiades and the military training of the Greek hoplites. The choice of weapons, training of warriors, selection of battle site, and timing had all worked together to help the Athenians prove that size doesn’t always matter.
Thirdly, the Romans were far more advanced than Greece in terms of engineering progress. In both the areas of civil and hydraulic engineering, Rome towered above Greece. They constructed a network of durable, paved highways and city streets; in fact, most everything had concrete walls and pavement.
The first requirement of Aristotle's tragic hero is that they are more admirable than the average character. Achilles meets this requirement because of his ability on the battlefield. In The Iliad, the background to the story is the war between the Greeks and the Trojans. This background is not only the basis for the story overall, but is also the basis for Achilles' own story. This begins when Achilles refuses to join the battle because he is insulted by Agamemnon. This decision results in the action that drives the remainder of the story. Later in the story when Achilles becomes angered and goes to the other extreme, launching into battle and killing ferociously. The significance of this is that it places battle as central to both Achilles' story and to what is important in the setting of the story. Importantly, the aspect that makes Achilles greater than most is his ability o...
Although, many might say that the Roman Empire was already very successful even without the Greek influence, the Romans were already known for their very great army. The Romans were able to conquer so many lands and keep a great structure to the point where other communities feared them because of their army. It is true, Rome was already very successful they had conquered many lands before the Hellenistic period, and were already known to be a very rich and powerful community. Just as Chris Truman states on the website the History learning site where du...
Both of these empires were able to conquer vast lands to enrich their cities and bring glory to their name. In doing so they managed to make many rivals, but against all odds they showed the world just how clever and dangerous they truly are. By this account, even though these countries share some similarities, this does not diminish the impact these cultures had on the times they were alive. They ruled with the strong hand of a right king, and though these tactics might seem merciless to some, it is the way to rule a land
In the Greek society, Achilles has the role of the aggressive soldier. From the very first lines of the epic, we are introduced to Achilles’ murderous rage: