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Effects of media in our lives
Effects of media in our lives
Impact of media on individual and society
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Darren Aronovky’s film Requiem for a Dream is an adaptation of Hubert Shelby Jr’s fiction novel of the same name. The movie depicts different parallel stories of four people living in Brooklyn, NY, and struggling with addiction. All four stories develop during three seasons, where every season represents how gradually each character’s lives go down on a spiral as the seasons change. Everything starts with summer, where are characters are doing fine, followed by the fall, where their lives start to go downhill, and ends in the winter when the characters find their fate.
The film parallels the live of Harry Goldfarb (Jared Leto), a heroin addict who dreams of getting a pound of heroin to sell it along with his drug dealer Tyrone (Marlon Wayans). Harry’s wishes are to sell a pound of heroin and save enough money to open a clothing boutique with his girlfriend Marion (Jennifer Connelly). Harry and Tyrone are two impoverished heroin addicts that can barely support their own addiction habits, while his girlfriend Marion is a cocaine addict that comes from a wealthy family.
On the other hand there’s Harrys mother, Sara Goldfarb (Ellen Burstyn), a widow who spends most of her day alone watching television. Sara becomes obsessed with a TV show hosted by Tappy Tibbons, one day she receives a call from a company telling her that she has the opportunity to appear on her favorite show. In order to fit into her favorite dress, which she was planning to wear in her show appearance, she visits a doctor who prescribes her amphetamines for weight loss. She develops a tolerance for the medication and increases the dosage without consulting the doctor. She soon starts to have hallucinations thinking she is the guest of honor of Tappy Tibbon’s...
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...ader MA (2004). Cocaine self administration produces a progressive involvement of limbic, association, and sensorimotor striatal domains. J Neurosci 24:3554-3562.
Volkow ND, Fowler JS, Wang GJ, Swanson JM (2004). Dopamine in drug abuse and addiction: results from imaging studies and treatment implications. Mol Psychiatry 9:557-569.
Volkow, N., Wang, G., Fowler, J., Tomasi, D., & Telang, F. (2011). Addiction: beyond dopamine reward circuitry. Proceedings Of The National Academy Of Sciences Of The United States Of America,108(37), 15037-15042. doi:10.1073/pnas.1010654108
Volkow, N., Wang, G., Telang, F., Fowler, J., Logan, J., Childress, A., & ... Wong, C. (2006). Cocaine cues and dopamine in dorsal striatum: mechanism of craving in cocaine addiction. The Journal Of Neuroscience: The Official Journal Of The Society For Neuroscience, 26(24), 6583-6588.
According to Leshner, drug addiction is a chronic brain disease that is expressed in the form of compulsive behaviors (Leshner, 2001). He believes that drug addiction is influence by both biological, and behavioral factors, and to solve this addiction problem we need to focus on these same factors. On the other hand, Neil Levy argues that addiction is not a brain disease rather it is a behavioral disorder embedded in social context (Levy, 2013). I believe, drug addiction is a recurring brain disease that can be healed when we alter and eliminate all the factors that are reinforcing drug addiction.
Porrino, L.J., Smith, H.R. Nader, M.A., Beveridge, T.J.R. (2007). The effects of cocaine: A shifting target over the course of addiction. Prog Nueropsychopharmocol Biol Psychiatry, 31(8), 1593-1600. (Porrine et al., 2007).
The movie’s aspects endure on Samantha and how she chooses the way her life should go. In one of the beginning scenes, after Samantha and her friends leave the party, the head onto the road, slam into a truck and their car flips off the side of the road. The next “day” Samantha wakes up confused as to how and why she is still alive. She then realizes that the same day she lived previously, is again, the day she is living at that moment. Since she knows what is bound to come, she goes through her days events to change the outcome of her day. This heavily revolves around the existentialist philosophy of how an individual has freedom of choice, and Kierkegaard's philosophy of how life is a series of choices with regretful actions bound to come with those
Wang, G., Smith, L., Volkow, N., Telang, F., Logan, J., Tomasi, D., & ... Fowler, J. (2012). Decreased dopamine activity predicts relapse in methamphetamine abusers. Molecular Psychiatry, 17(9), 918-925. doi:10.1038/mp.2011.86
Toates, F. (2010) ‘The nature of addictions: scientific evidence and personal accounts’ in SDK228 The science of the mind: investigating mental health, Book 3, Addictions, Milton Keynes, The Open University, pp. 1-30.
The movie Psycho, is one of the most influential movie in Cinema history to date. The director Alfred Hitchcock, wanted to test many of the conventions of movie making that was common at that time. Alfred Hitchcock movie broke many cultural taboos and challenged the censors. Alfred Hitchcock showed a whole bunch of at the time absurd scene, for example: Marion Crane (Janet Leigh) dying naked while taking a shower, Norman Bates with split personality disorder, and the first ever flushing toilet shown in a movie. Because from the late 1920's to the late 1950's, movies were made usually go around the story, and usually with a lot dialogue. This movie gives the audience an experience that was much more emotional and intuitive. The viewers were caught up in a roller coaster of shock, surprise and suspense based on image, editing and sound.
Dr. Nora Volkow from National Institute on Drug Abuse (NIDA) explains why dopamine is a powerful chemical and how it triggers the brain to want substances such as cocaine more.
This movie begins with David (Toby Maguire) he stays more to himself and his sister Jennifer (Reese Witherspoon) is more outgoing they both live different high school lives. David is a big fan of a 1950s black and white TV show called “Pleasantville” and he wants to watch a full marathon. However, Jennifer wants to watch her own show and they begin to argue over who gets the TV remote and due to the force the remote breaks into pieces. Suddenly a strange television repair man (Don Knotts) shows up and gives them an unusual remote control. When using the remote, they are somehow transported into world of “Pleasantville” and they now play the roles of Bud Parker and Mary Sue Parker brother and sister on the show and their perfect town would
Requiem for a Dream offers a haunting glimpse into the life of addiction and drug abuse. This book depicts four individuals and their addictions to cocaine, heroin, and diet pills. Each of the characters have their own American Dream while the addictions to their drugs are keeping them further away from achieving it. In the beginning of the book, all the characters wanted was more out of life. Harry and Marion wanted to become financially stable so they could own their own coffee shop and have lots of money to travel the world. Tyrone just wanted to make more money to have a better life and Sara wanted to look good on television by losing enough weight to fit into a red dress. While following these dreams, they got lost in reality and slowly
Lash, S. J., Timko, C, Curran, G M., McKay, J R., Burden, J L.; (Jun, 2011). Psychology of Addictive Behaviors; Vol 25(2); 238-251. Doi: 10.1037/a0022608
Drug addiction is often characterized as being a complex brain disease that causes compulsive, uncontrollable, drug craving, seeking and use without any regards to the consequences they may bring upon themselves, or society. As long as the brain is exposed to these large amounts of dopamine on the reward system, it will inevitably develop a tolerance to the current dopamine levels, which it is receiving, lessening the pleasure the user will experience. In order to satisfy the brains “reward...
Drugs seem to cause surges in dopamine neurotransmitters and other pleasure brain messengers. However, the brain quickly adapts and these circuits desensitize, which allows for withdrawal symptoms to occur (3). Drug addiction works on some of the same neurobiological mechanisms that aid in learning and memories (3). "This new view of dopamine as an aid to learning rather than a pleasure mediator may help explain why many addictive drugs, which unleash massive surges of the neurotransmitter in the brain, can drive continued use without producing pleasure-as when cocaine addicts continue to take hits long after the euphoric effects of the drug have worn off or when smokers smoke after cigarettes become distasteful." (4)
"Drugs, Brains, and Behavior: The Science of Addiction." Drugs, Brains, and Behavior: The Science of Addiction. Feb. 2007: 1-30. SIRS Government Reporter. Web. 20 Jan. 2014.
crashes.." Addiction 103.5 (2008): p749-757. Academic Search Premier. EBSCOhost. UMBC, Baltimore, Albin O. Kuhn Lib. 4 Mar 2011.
Leshner, A. (2011) Addiction Is a Brain Disease, and it Matters. Frontiers in Neuroscience: The Science of Substance Abuse.