Previous government legislation in the UK supported the medical model approach in regards to education of children with special educational needs (SEN). Children with SEN were seen as handicapped and placed in segregated educational provisions under the direction of medical professionals (Huge and Copper, 2007). However, with the introduction of the social model government legislations in regards to education began to change. Legislations and polices such as the Warnock Report (1978), The 1981, 1993 and 1996 Educational Acts and the 1997 Green Paper Excellence for all Children, all pushed for a more inclusive educational system. In the last 15 years further legislations have been put in place to strengthen the educational rights of children with SEN.
The 2001 special educational needs and disability act (SENDA) along with the 2001 SEN code of practice was established to strengthen the right of children with SEN to be placed and educated in mainstream schools (Ramjhun, 2002, Spooner, 2002 and Waterfield and West, 2002). The code of practice extended the Disability Discrimination Act 1995 and aimed to eliminate unfair discrimination against student with SEN. The main principle of the SENDA and the code was that all students with SEN had full accesses to educational provisions and being able to have the same opportunities as non- disabled individuals (Waterfield and West, 2002). Wright et al (2006) stated the SENDA was beneficial in encouraging educational provisions to be proactive in removing barriers that may affect the learning and participation of students with SEN. Hodkinson and Vickerman (2010) argued that although the SENDA prompted further attention on SEN inclusion in practice its key intentions were rather vague and lacke...
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...e centre for studies on inclusive education (CSIE) that is an independent centre committed to promoting and encouraging full inclusion of students with SEN, and campaigns for the closure of special schools, believing special schools creates a barrier to a more inclusive society (Hall, 2002 and CSIE, 2014). however, many argue that full inclusion may not always benefit a child with SEN, Farrell (2009) states that the view that inclusion should be the primary aim of a school is flawed. Schools aim should be to educated children not include them. In agreement with this point Warnock (2005) argued that inclusive education needs to be rethought as the current process of inclusion is not working. Warnock also stated there was still a need for special education to be provide to children with SEN who could not have their educational needs met in a mainstream environment.
This report aims to recognize the contemporary statutory framework for identifying and working with children with Special Education Needs and Disability in England (The SEND Code Of Practice). The report will pay particular interest in discussing the key elements which derives from the 2014 Children and Families Act practiced in relation to the Department for Education (DfE). The report will pry into the current changes of the SEND code of practice, its assessment framework, why these have been introduced and who these changes makes a difference to. To discuss this the report will be looking at a variety of sources to better understand the most important details also includes but not limited to newspaper report, recent research papers,
Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is defined as a behavioral disorder of childhood onset (by the age of 7 years) characterized by symptoms of inattentiveness and impulsivity/hyperactivity. Based on the type of symptoms that predominate, ADHD is classified as following:
The movement for inclusion in education has advanced since the years of special schools for children with disabilities. Although there have been significant changes to the laws protecting the rights of children with disabilities there remains an underlying debate as to whether these children should be in main stream classes. Most states and territories in Australia practice inclusive education, however this remains a contentious topic with differing attitudes. It is evident whilst many challenges remain, schools should implement and deliver quality programs that reflect best practice policies. Positive teacher attitudes, promoting diversity, modelling inclusion in the classroom and developing a sense of community by working in partnerships
Nine percent of children who are between the ages of five and seventeen are diagnosed with ADHD in the United States (CDC). About 3 million kids that are on ADHD medication are prescribed Ritalin or Adderall. Most people and psychologists see ADHD as a true disorder, then theres those who think the complete opposite. Are children being overmedicated and over diagnosed for attention deficit hyperactivity disorder?
The Human Rights Act 1998 will cover all areas for the rights of an individual including reference to the right to an education. This looks at the current education systems and helps to provision on the ground of special needs, religious beliefs, however, these need to be considered and provided these can be adhered to where all affected are included they should be taken into account.
It is very normal for children to be more active, more energetic, less attentive, and more impulsive than adults. When parents complain that their child has difficulty paying attention, controlling his or her activity, or resisting impulses, others may dismiss these problems quickly as normal behavior and that there is no need for alarm. Behavior problems in areas such as school work, getting along with others, and inability to follow through and complete chores, have become so severe as to impair a child’s adjustment are not likely to be outgrown can hardly be considered normal. Children whose problems with attention, over-activity, and lack of inhibition reach a certain level have a developmental disability known as attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder, or ADHD. ADHD is a life disability for many children affecting their families, friends, and health and is extremely difficult to diagnose and to treat without having a great number of side
Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD), once called hyperkinesis or minimal brain dysfunction, is one of the most common mental disorders among children. (Elia, Ambrosini, Rapoport, 1999) It affects 3 to 5 percent of all children, with approximately 60% to 80% of these children experiencing persistence of symptoms into adolescence and adulthood, causing a lifetime of frustrated dreams and emotional pain. There are two types of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder: an inattentive type and a combined type. The symptoms of ADHD can be classified into three categories: inattention, hyperactivity, and impulsivity. This behaviour stops ADHD sufferers from focussing deliberately on organising and completing a specific task that they may not enjoy, learning new skills or information is proved to be impossible. An example of such behaviour is recognised by the report written by the National Institute of Mental Health where one of the subjects under study was unable to pass schooling examinations due to her inattentive behaviour. Such behaviour can damage the person's relationships with others in addition to disrupting their daily life, consuming energy, and diminishing self-esteem. (National Institute of Mental Health 1999) There are also secondary symptoms which are associated with ADHD, such as learning disorders, anxiety, depression and other mood disorders, tic disorders, and conduct disorders. (Spencer, Biederman, and Wilens 1999 in Monastra V, Monastra D, George, 2002)
One of the highest diagnosed disorders in children and adults is Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD). ADHD is the disorder that causes a person to lose focus in school, to be hyperactive, and not be able to control their behavior. One of the most common treatments for this disorder is medication, such as Ritalin or Adderall. These treatments can be dangerous to the patient and may not work in the first place. Although recently many psychologists have been doing research on whether meditation as a treatment for ADHD would have positive benefits to the patient in question. Meditation is where an individual trains there mind with a specific purpose. There are many different types of meditation that are practiced but for the treatment of ADHD researchers have been focusing on Transcendental Meditation technique, and mindfulness meditation. Through the research, professionals have cunducted many have found that, meditation is more effective than medication in the treatment of the symptoms of Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder.
Through the development of Inclusive Education it is possible that children grow up to be more accepting of differences, where once the notion of something “different” and “separate” could cause caution, fear and ridicule. There are multiple policies and processes present within our society supporting inclusivity and the right every child regardless of their special needs or difficult circumstances has to an education. The Salamanca Statement developed world wide in 1994 states every child’s right to an education. In support of this policy the Commonwealth Disability Discrimination Act (1992) sets disability standards in our education system and the Melbourne Declaration (2008) further attempts to promote equity and excellence within our schools.
Under the 1944 Education Act children with special educational needs were defined in medical terms and categorised according to their disabilities. Many of those children were considered as ‘uneducable’ and were labelled as ‘maladjusted’ or ‘educationally sub-normal’, and they were given ‘special educational treatment’ in special schools or institutions. In these special schools (institutions) the rights of the children were not considered, as children were socially alienated from family and the society from where they lived. Though the grouping of children with similar disabilities looked positive in the past, such children were deprived their right to association with their peer...
November 13, 2013. “Increasing Options and Improving Provision for Children with Special Educational Needs. (SEN).” Gov. UK. Copyright 2018 Crown.
Inclusion of all students in classrooms has been an ongoing issue for the past twenty-five years (Noll, 2013). The controversy is should special education students be placed in an inclusion setting or should they be placed in a special education classroom? If the answer is yes to all special education students being placed in inclusion, then how should the inclusion model look? Every students is to receive a free an appropriate education. According to the Individual Education Act (IDEA), all students should be placed in the Least Restrictive Learning Environment (Noll, 2013).
Inclusion has become increasingly important in education in recent years, with the Education for Persons with Special Educational Needs Act being passed in 2004 to ensure equality in our system. In summary, inclusion is the idea of there being no child...
The number of children with special educational needs and disability (SEND) in England is over 1.2 million with over 230,000 having statements or education, health and care plans, a number which has continued to rise over the years (Department for education, 2016). Described by the department for education (2014, p.7) as “Children and young people with SEN all have learning difficulties or disabilities that make it harder for them to learn…”. Within this assignment I intend to outline the provision made for a SEN child in my attachment, which will be referred to as Child A.
To begin with, full inclusion in the education system for people with disabilities should be the first of many steps that are needed to correct the social injustices that people with disabilities currently face. Students with disabilities are far too frequently isolated and separated in the education system (Johnson). They are often provided a diluted, inferior education and denied meaningful opportunities to learn. There are many education rights for children with disabilities to p...