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The final chapter of Timothy Glander’s book, Origins of Mass Communications Research During the American Cold War: Educational Effects and Contemporary Implications (2000) stands as a disappointing example of academic research becoming hijacked by the author’s personal opinion. Focusing on the hidden nature of propaganda in American life, his concluding chapter presents a very drastic view of the individuals who crafted the academic subject now known as mass communications. I see the need for investigating the status quo, for digging into the motivations behind the images and data churned out in the mass media, and for questioning the trivia facts that become common knowledge. For that reason, I am wary of completely discrediting the conclusion of Glander’s book, a feeling voiced by reviewers in History of Education Quarterly and Journalism & Mass Communication Quarterly. However, the truth is never black and white, never only good and evil, yet Glander’s final chapter seems based on exactly this Shakespearean premise. His conclusion creates a world where a cabal of geniuses, collected from around the globe during World War II, join together with the American government to continue wartime propaganda’s work of controlling an unsuspecting populace. An author could occasionally push logic to an extreme wing as a devil’s advocate and with full disclosure. But by positioning himself as a conspiracy theorist instead of a skeptical yet credible source, Glander’s argument becomes too extreme to even grant this leniency. His running theme of the “multiply deceptive ways mass communications research has been used to sustain a dominant view” (2000, p. 211), asserted with no counter-argument, leaves the piece unable to be called a researc... ... middle of paper ... ...mmunications’ academic founders, but they become undercut by his aversion to offering a counter viewpoint. The two book reviews agree that this creates a lack of credibility and ultimately moves the book away from scholarly work and into an opinion piece. Glander sadly wastes a promising opportunity for critical examination of propaganda’s role in education and mass communications. Works Cited Cravens, H. (2001). [Review of Glander's Origins of mass communications research...] History of Education Quarterly, 41(2), 292-294. Danielson, W. (2000). [Review of Glander's Origins of mass communications research...] Journalism & Mass Communication Quarterly, 77(2), 433-434. Glander, T. (2000). Origins of mass communications research during the american cold war: Educational effects and contemporary implications. Mahwah, New Jersey: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.
This investigation evaluates the significance of the role the media played in helping the Allie Forces win World War Two. To be specific, World War Two occurred between the years of 1939 to 1945. A brief synopsis of the developments of media outlets and their importance prior to the war will be investigated. Leaders of all the Allie Forces will be evaluated in this essay. The essay will focus primarily on the rise of media impact on the citizens of the United States, France and the United Kingdom. The Soviet Union will be mentioned but only minor. Two of the sources used in this essay Freedom Forge: How American Business Produced Victory in World War Two by Arthur Herman and World War II in Europe by World Book: Chicago are evaluated and used in this essay.
Susan Brewer brilliantly illustrates the historical facts of American government propagating violence. Scrutinizing the Philippine War, World War I, World War II, the Korean War, the Vietnam War and the Iraq War the reader discovers an eerily Orwellian government manipulating her citizens instead of educating them. Brewer states, a "propaganda campaign seeks to disguise a paradoxical message: war is not a time for citizens to have an informed debate and make up their own minds even as they fight in the name of freedom to do just that." pg. 7 The Presidents of the United States and their administrations use propaganda, generation, after generation to enter into foreign wars for profit by manipulating the truth, which it is unnecessary for our government to do to her people.
A Documentary History (Paperback). Oxford University Press, USA, 1996. Scott, Peter Dale, Deep Politics, University of California Press; Reprint edition (June 22, 1996). Mitgang, Herbert Lillian Hellman's FBI File, Dangerous dossiers: exposing the secret war against America's greatest authors, New York: D.I. Fine, 1988, retrieved from a href="http://www.writing.upenn.edu/afilreis/50s/hellman-per-fbi.html">http://www.writing.upenn.edu/afilreis/50s/hellman-per-fbi.html/a>. Ted Morgan, Reds: McCarthyism in Twentieth-Century America, New York: Random House, 1st edition, 2003.
Several rhetorical concepts are used to approach the readers of this article, these being proofs known as reasoning (logos), credibility (ethos), and emotion (pathos). Conspiracy theorists, such as Mock, often use logic or reason to attract readers. They understand that conspiracies are seen as lies and paranoia, so to build their audience they appeal to their logical side. In today’s society logic is everything, and being able to prove something is what is important. Making a reference to a factual document or book is always a source of proof. The reference towards a dictionary is used because it is something we use every day, something that is impo...
“INSTITUTE FOR HISTORICAL REVIEW.” Propaganda and Disinformation: How the CIA Manufactures History. N.p., n.d. Web. 14 May 2014.
Words and images were silent weapons used by all governments involved during World War II. Wars are generally fought between soldiers, but the different ideologies often meet on the battlefield as well. The support of the people is crucial during these times since general knowledge of strength relies on numbers. Propaganda targets people’s emotions and feelings and changes people’s perception about a particular idea, people, or situation. Propaganda goes hand in hand with the art of persuasion and convincing; these tools can control and manipulate the collective minds of a massive amount of its audience.
Fuller, J.F.C. "Propaganda and War. The New Technique of Mendacity as a Psychological Weapon." Ordnance, Dec
Rudiger, C. (2003, September 2). World War II and Propaganda. Retrieved March 29, 2014, from Stanford : http://www.stanford.edu/class/e297a/World%20War%20II%20and%20Propaganda.htm
Propaganda has long been used as a tool to defend institutions and organizations. It was used during World War One and World War Two to placate the masses and to protect the governments at the time. Simply put, propaganda is a tool used by the intelligent to ma...
Hummel, William and Huntress, Keith. The Analysis of Propaganda. New York: William Sloane Associates, 1949
Lorimer , R., Gasher, M., & Skinner, D. (2008). Mass communication in canada. (6 ed.). Don Mills, Ontario: Oxford University Press.
Jowett, Garth and Victoria O’Donnell. “Propaganda and Persuasion”. Newbury Park, CA: Sage Publications, (2nd ed.) 1992. Print. 4 Jan., 2011.
Hofstadter has found a way of identifying conspiracy theories in both an intellectual and popular understanding, however the concept of ‘paranoid style’ is still downgraded from this idea of what is ‘normal’ in American political culture, to a fringe phenomenon. Although, as previously stated Hofstadter does not believe that the ‘paranoid style’ purely focuses on just American culture, he proceeds to give examples of this by talking about the Bavarian Illuminati and the Anti-Catholic movement by the Protestants as a way of showing that it is not just the American culture that identifies conspiracy theories, as well as the ‘paranoid style’ effecting the minds of just the American nation. This supports the point that Michael Rogin has made when he states that conspiracy theories are a ‘symbolist approach to
Rather than being a neutral conduit for the communication of information, the U.S. media plays an intricate role in shaping and controlling political opinions. Media is extremely powerful in the sense that without an adequate functioning media, it is virtually impossible for a sophisticated social structure like the U.S. Government to exist. Henceforth, all known sophisticated social structure, have always dependent upon the media’s ability to socialize. The U.S. government generally will exploit the media, often times manipulating the enormous power of the printed word. Ultimately empowering the U.S. government, strengthening it with the ability to determine and control the popular perception of reality. One way in which government achieves this objective, is by its ability to misuse the media’s ability to set the agenda. Contrary to popular belief, media is in fact an enormous hegemony. In fact, separate independent news organizations relatively do not exist. Rather than creating an independent structured agenda of there own, generally lesser smaller news organizations adapt to a prepared agenda, previously constructed by a higher medium. Based upon this information alone, it is quite apparent that media functions in adherence to the characteristics of a hierarchy. This simply means that media is structured in a way that it operates functioning from top to bottom. This is also identical to the hierarchical nature of the human body, in that from the commands of the brain transferred through the central nervous system, the body responds accordingly. In order for the U.S. government to control and determine the public’s popular perception of reality, the government must shape and oversee the information that the media reports to the existing populous. This particular process of democracy is known and referred to by political scientists as cognitive socialization. However, many of us, who do not adhere to the cushioning of political correctness, refer to it as the propaganda machine. Numerous political scientists consider cognitive socialization to be the most effective form of political socialization. According to theory, cognitive socialization is doctored up information, which is strategically fragmented in such a manipulative manner, that the probability of its rationalization is highly predictable. The manipulative properties of cognitive socialization are so diabolical and Machiavellian in nature, that I consider it to be the ultimate perversion of the democratic process. In all seriousness, numerous intellectuals, and gentleman held in good stature agree, that cognitive socialization is the product of an evil genius.
Stafford, Alexander. The Role of the Media During the Cold War. E-International Relations, 26 October 2013. Web. 15 Dec. 2013.