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Public policy analysis essays
Public policy analysis essays
Public policy analysis essays
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Public policy is the invisible string that connects every aspect of society. In a person’s daily life, he seldom contemplates the interconnectivity of societal constructions and public policy, as well as how public policy maintains an overarching control on the way society functions. Policies and more specifically, public policies are the “systems of rules and standards that affect the public interest and are established by rulemaking bodies such as parliaments, legislatures, and administrative regulatory agencies.” (Guess and Farnham, 7) These rules and standards govern every aspect of a person’s life. From the temperature of coffee being served to the systems of dispensing fuel, from the rules of the road to insurance policies, one cannot function in society without being explicitly or implicitly controlled and regulated by public policy. Although people have the belief that this correlation can be ignored, and it is often ignored, due to the idea that it is difficult to understand and influence, the better option is to rather understand how these public policies are created and implemented and the impact that they will have on someone’s life. Cases in Public Policy Analysis, by George Guess and Paul Farnham, aims to explain and understand the public policy process through textual explanations and real-life examples of public policy cases. In order to understand this process as a whole, or at least try to, one must dissect the “whole process” and examine the smaller components that make up the entirety of public policy.
Cases in Public Policy Analysis examines this process by doing just that, separating the process into seven distinct parts that all interact with each other, but are also separate entities within itself. Deter...
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...ormation presented. As stated earlier, the information presented can be dense and at the same time dry. The use of real-life cases instead of fabricated text problems does help make the reading more enjoyable. One consideration when writing material such as this is to find the best possible balance of information and writing that will interest the reader.
What this book aims to achieve is to give the reader an introductory education in public policy analysis. It also aims to give the reader a different viewpoint of public policy making. The economic standpoint of the book is an addition to the argument that differentiates this book from others on the same topic. Readers wanting to understand this process need to take into consideration multiple perceptions of the process. Adding more viewpoints will only increase the knowledge and understanding of public policy.
Facts: Two residents of Virginia, Mildred Jeter a colored woman and Richard Loving a white man, got married in the District of Columbia. The Loving's returned to Virginia and established their marriage. The Caroline court issued an indictment charging the Loving's with violating Virginia's ban on interracial marriages. The state decides, who can and cannot get married. The Loving's were convicted of violating 20-55 of Virginia's code.
John Kingdon's policy stream model revolves around a particular policy or agenda. The policy once supported by a policy community becomes a public policy. At a macro level, the basis of Kingdon’s policy model is the description of what is happening in actual current policy development. This model has three separate streams, which represent a window into the politics of modelling policy at macro stages. The model holds that three separate streams - problem, policy, and political streams which all are interlinked, will come together at a decisive moment and then transform into a workable policy. ...
Public policies are developed in response to the existence of a perceived problem or an opportunity. The analysis delves into a public issue or problem and assesses a set of proposed government action for addressing the issue. The job of the analyst is to describe the background and status of an issue and then, using research and analysis, determine a proper government action to resolve the issue. By comparing options and weighing their expected benefits, the analyst should conclude with a recommended course of action or inaction to addressing the issue.
The question of what is the government’s role in regulating healthy and unhealthy behavior is one that would probably spark a debate every time. Originally, the role was to assist in regulating and ensure those that were unable to afford or obtain healthcare insurance for various reasons would be eligible for medical care. However, now it seems that politicians are not really concerned about what’s best for the citizens but woul...
A. My interest in social work began at a young age. In middle school I started attending my school’s church and became heavily involved in the church’s youth group. It was then that I was first introduced to the act of service and what it really means to help others. As part of our activities, we would feed the homeless and visit convalescent hospitals to volunteer. By participating in these activities, I began to take interest in the homeless and elderly populations. Another avenue that sparked my interest in Social Work was a classmate’s father, who was a Social Worker for the county. He and I would have discussions about the duty of a Social Worker and I would constantly ask him questions to satiate my curiosity about the profession.
Throughout this assignment a variety of terminology will be used, first it is appropriate to define what the term ‘Social Policy’ means. Social policy can be defined in different ways and ‘there is no established or agreed definition of social policy’ (Baldock et, al., 1999:21). From reading different books on social policy, the author’s understanding of social policy is it provides guidelines to deal with social problems . Social problems are matters which direct...
In The Science of “Muddling Through”, the author explained his theory on how policy-makers handling complicated circumstances or situations by coming up with an idea on how things should work, or improve any situation step by step when he mentioned “list all related values in order of importance”, “possible policy outcomes could be rated”, and “outline all possible policy alternative”. These three steps require an amount of time and collecting a large data, which make a decision to be faultless in a short period of time is just impossible.
Public choice theory analyses the application of economic concepts to the study of how governmental decisions are made and implemented (Edgar Browning & Jacquelene Browning 1994). The study of public choice theory dates back to the early 1400’s. Machiavelli and Hobbes are some of the initial theorist to contribute to and use public choice as an approach to political economy (Hill 1999). Duncan Black was the first to use economic concepts to study voting procedures and the political decision-making process in groups (Hill 1999). Following Black’s writings, public choice schoolwork received widespread attention in 1986, when James Buchanan was awarded the Nobel Prize in economics (Hill 1999). However, research shows that public choice theory has only been methodically studied for the past three decades (Edgar Browning & Jacquelene Browning 1994). In order to compensate for the shortage of information, we will introduce solutions to the issues that have significant influences on the modern political
Public Administration involves the development, implementation and management of policies for the attainment of set goals and objectives that will be to the benefit of the general public. Since Public Administration involves taking decisions that affect the use of public resources there is often the question of how to utilize public resources for maximum public good. The National Association of Public Administration has identified four pillars of public administration: economy, efficiency, effectiveness and social equity. These pillars are equally important in the practice of public administration and to its success. This paper seeks to explain the role of each of the pillars in the practice of public administration.
“Political context includes aspects such as the distribution of power, the range of organizations involved and their interests, and the formal and informal rules that govern the interactions among different players. Political context shapes the way in which policy processes work” (Nash, R., Hudson, A., and Luttrell, C., 2006). It is important to understand the political context in which a social policy issue is embedded. When I think of context, I think of action. An advocate that is trying to influence policy would be concerned about political contexts because it would determine the likelihood, suitability, and capabilities of his/her behavior (action) and conduct while seeking to institute change. By understanding the political context in which a social policy issue is embedded, one’s strategy and approach can be outlined to understand the manner in which changes can be made. Progress can be slow without understanding the political context. An advocate may understand what needs to be changed but may not understand why the change did not occur. The advocate may also be able to institute change in social policy issues if the advocate has a great understanding of the political context. The advocate must be able to align himself/herself with those that can be recruited to change the context of a policy. The advocate can also determine the severity of instituting the change and the probability of getting the change. “The appropriate level of action and type of advocacy strategy will depend on the political, social and economic situation prevailing at a given point in time” (Rietbergen,-McCracken, J., n.d.).
Jansson defines social policies as “collective strategies to prevent and address social problems.” They are “collective” because they are binding on those populations, communities, companies, and jurisdictions to which they apply (Jansson, 2016, p. 22). For example, the United States government have created policies to address the needs of a variety of social issues such as food and nutrition, assistance for needy families, housing assistance, health, unemployment benefits, equal opportunity, anti-discrimination laws, child welfare, and mental illness (Marx, n.d.). These social policies help promote the disadvantage, advance social change, ensure social protection from discrimination, and improve well-being of vulnerable individuals, families and children. Jansson (2016) noted “the policies are vertically distributed at the federal, state, and local government; community; and agency or organizational levels” (Jansson, 2016, p. 24).
Rabin, J. (2003). Encyclopedia of public administration and public policy: K-Z. United States: CRC press.
Modern day society is engrossed in a battle for protection of individual rights and freedoms from infringement by any person, be it the government or fellow citizens. Liberalism offers a solution to this by advocating for the protection of personal freedom. As a concept and ideology in political science, liberalism is a doctrine that defines the motivation and efforts made towards the protection of the aforementioned individual freedom. In the current society, the greatest feature of liberalism is the protection of individual liberty from intrusion or violation by a government. The activities of the government have, therefore, become the core point of focus. In liberalism, advocacy for personal freedom may translate to three ideal situations, based on the role that a government plays in a person’s life. These are no role, a limited role or a relatively large role. The three make up liberalism’s rule of thumb. (Van de Haar 1). Political theorists have
Public policy can be defined as “What ever governments choose to do or not do” (Dye, 2008, p 2). In the context of this essay, public policies are a set of actors by the government in order to reach out to the masses. The ministries and departments are mandated to deliver specific mandates in the form of public goods and services.
Public participation relieve doubt that citizen's offerings will affect the policy process. It is of the assumption that a person who will be impinged by a decision, has the right to be associated in decision making.