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Cognitive therapy psychopathology
Cognitive therapy psychopathology
Cognitive therapy psychopathology
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How changeable is human psychology? How much can someone change himself or herself, in comparing therapy techniques of David Burns and Augustine there are many similarities to contemporary cognitive therapy and ancient religious techniques for shaping the human soul. David Burns the author of a popular self help book, Feeling Good: The New Mood Therapy elaborates his ideas that all moods are created by your own thoughts, negative or positive. Burns helped establish a new method of cognitive therapy, and treatment explaining how it works and why it’s different. Cognitive therapy's idea is that depression is not an emotional disorder at all. The bad feelings we have in depression all stem from negative thoughts, therefore treatment should be
Psychotherapy integration is best explained as an attempt to look beyond and across the dimensions of a single therapy approach, to examine what one can learn from other perspectives, and how one’s client’s can benefit from various ways of administering therapy (Corey, 2013). Research has shown that a variety of treatments are equally effective when administered by therapist who believe in them and client’s that accept them (Corey, 2013). Therefore, one of the best aspects of utilizing an integrative approach is that, in most cases, if a therapist understands how and when to incorporate therapeutic interventions, they usually can’t go wrong. While integrating different approaches can be beneficial for the client, it is also important for the
In “Don’t Worry Be Gloomy” David clarifies, “Negative moods summon a more attentive, accommodating thinking style that leads [him/her] to really examine facts in a fresh and creative way”(125). Being sad or angry can lead to better realizing an outcome of something or having a better focus on a task. Seligman and others explains in “A Balanced Psychology and a Full Life” that “In 1946, there were no effective treatments for any of the psychological disorders, whereas now we can cure two and treat another 12 via psychotherapy and/or pharmacology”(Seligman 1993).The point is that the disorders are harmful, but they can be treated by medicines and actions of the
This paper will have two sections: The first section will be a brief explanation on what is depression. In addition, what is the percentage of depress people in the United States. Furthermore, it will discuss in details several theories that are best suited to treat depression disorder. Moreover, the theories that will be briefly discussed are as follows: Cognitive Therapy (CT), Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT), and Interpersonal Therapy (IPT). The second section will be a summary of a counseling session the learner had with a client and the treatment that was given to help alleviate and ceased the depression from reoccurring.
...houghts and feelings about themselves, the world, and others into positive things which resulted in long lasting changes. Since Dr. Beck’s initial cognitive behavioral therapy there have been many researchers and theorists who have expanded on his work which has lead CBT to evolve very positively.
Cognitive Behavioural Therapy (CBT) is a form of therapy which can be used to treat a wide range of mental health problems. Cognitive Therapy is an active, directive, time limited, structured approach used to treat a variety of psychiatric disorders, for example depression, anxiety, phobias (Beck, 1967). It emerged as a rational amalgam of behavioural and cognitive theories of human behaviour and is based on the idea that our thoughts determine our behaviour and feelings (Kendall PC, 1979). On average a patient attends between 5 and 20 appointments with their therapist. (Blenkiron 2013)
According to Beck’s Cognitive Theory, negative thoughts generated by distorted beliefs are the key cause of depression symptoms (Dombeck, Nemade, & Reiss, 2014). The intensity of negative thoughts produced affects the level of depression a patient sets into. The theory comprises of four major aspects – Schemata, Cognitive Errors, the Cognitive Triad and Automatic Thoughts (Beck, 1967). Schemata are beliefs that influence the way situational information is processed. Depressogenic Schemata are beliefs that are negative in nature. It is undesirable as it produces undeveloped, absolute, and inflexible attitudes about the individual and its relationship with the world (Knopf & Pössel, 2011). Stressful situations, such as changes in school and relationships during early adolescence, would activate negative schemata (Graber, Hilsman & Robinson, 1995) (Beck, 1967, 1983). When activated, Cognitive Errors arise and negatively modify self-perception and thoughts of their surroundings (Knopf & Pössel, 2011). They tend to be severe, dysfunctional and do not portray the situation correctly (Black & Pössel, 2013). The methodical errors in thought processing cause thoughts to be over exaggerated (Abela & Sullivan, 2003). They magnify the significance and meaning placed on one negative experience, and diminish those that are positive (Dombeck , Nemade, & Reiss, 2014). This means that patients tend to jump to conclusions quickly (Renaud, Dobson, & Drapeau, 2014). As a result, patients form pessimistic perceptions of themselves, the environment around him and the future, hence known as the Cognitive Triad (Black & Pössel, 2013). The Cognitive triad influences and is expressed by Automatic Thoughts, which are uncontrollable, not permanent, recurrin...
These types encompass Cognitive Therapy, Rational Emotive Behavior Therapy (REBT), and Multimodal Therapy. For instance, an individual anguish from a quiet confidence that activates negative thoughts about his or her capacity or display. As a result of these patterns of negative thinking, the person might start averting social issues or passing up opportunities for advancement (Wedding & Corsini, 2014). Cognitive behavior therapy frequently adapted for clients who are comfortable with contemplation. For CBT to be efficient, the Client must be eager to evaluate his or her logic and feelings. Such rumination may be difficult, but it is an excellent way to acquire how internal states impact outward behavior. Cognitive behavior therapy is also appropriate for people looking for an interim alternative treatment that does not inevitably contain pharmacological medication. One of the assets of CBT that aid clients was developing coping strategies that may be beneficial both now and in the
Beck, A. (1978). Cognitive therapy of depression (The Guildford Clinical Psychology and psychopathology series). New York, N.Y : Guildford Press.
Cognitive Behavioral Therapy appears to be a new treatment, although its roots can be traced to Albert Ellis’s Reason and Emotion in Psychotherapy, published in 1962. Cognitive therapy assumes that thoughts precede actions and false self-beliefs cause negative emotions. It is now known that most depression treatments have cognitive components to them, whether they are recognized or not. In the 1970’s many psychologists began using cognitive components to describe depression. From there, they developed cognitive forms to treat depression with impressive results (Franklin, 2003).
Cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) is a form of treatment that focuses on examining the relationships between thoughts, feelings and behaviors (NAMI, 2012). It is designed to modify the individual’s normative dysfunctional thoughts. The basic cognitive technique consists of delineating the individual's specific misconceptions, distortions, and maladaptive assumptions, and of testing their validity and reasonableness (Beck, 1970). By exploring thought patterns that lead to maladaptive behaviors and actions and the beliefs that direct these thoughts, people with mental illness can alter their thought process to improve coping. CBT is different from oth...
When CBT is compared directly to psychodynamic therapy in the treatment of depression, CBT and psychodynamic treatment are nearly the same or CBT comes out ahead. For instance, in an initial study comparing CBT and psychodynamic therapy, conducted in the 1980s in the Treatment of Depression Collaborative Research Project (TDCRP), the results show CBT and interpersonal therapy to be roughly equivalent (Elkin et al., 1989). In this TDCRP study, however, CBT did not fare quite as well as interpersonal therapy or antidepressant medication among the more severely depressed patients. In another major study, done in the 1990s, Shapiro et al. (1994) compared CBT and psychodynamic therapy. Results showed, as in the previous research that the two approaches
The Clinical Application of Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy. Cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) is based on the concept that behavior change may be achieved through altering cognitive processes. The assumption underlying the cognitively based therapeutic techniques is that maladaptive cognitive processes lead to maladaptive behaviors and changing these processes can lead to behavior modification. According to Mahoney (1995), an individual's cognitions are viewed as covert behaviors, subject to the same laws of learning as overt behaviors. Since its inception, cognitive-behavior modification has attempted to integrate the clinical concerns of psychodynamic psychotherapists with the technology of behavior therapists (Mahoney, 1995).
The Aggression Questionnaire (AQ) and the Vengeance Scale (VS). The Aggression Scale comes along with 29 items and is also scored on five different scales. The scales include: Anger, Verbal Aggression, Hostility, Physical Aggression, and Total Score. The Vengeance Scale is based on the level of vengeful responses to what one believes is wrong (Eckstein & Mitchell, 2009). Each participant had to take a pre-treatment assessment and a post-treatment assessment in groups of ten, randomly selected, inmates and got as much time as they need to complete the assessments.
From a cognitive perspective, I would utilize cognitive processing therapy (CPT). CPT is the best-supported cognitive therapy for PTSD, and, through its interventions, I could address Jerry’s maladaptive beliefs/stuck points (e.g., “I’m a horrible, evil person and I deserve to be punished”) that activate his fear response. Within the CPT framework, I would implement several different interventions. First, I would utilize psychoeducation because it would help explain how his thoughts impact his behaviors and subsequent feelings about his traumatic events and about his life. In addition, I would implement challenge questions to identify and test some of his beliefs about his traumatic events. For example, I would ask him if he deserves to
The last article for review was written by Carl Rogers, another humanistic psychologist, in 2007, much more recent than the other two articles. The article’s title, The Necessary and Sufficient Conditions of Therapeutic Personality Change, is almost a summary in itself. In the article Rogers tries to answer the question he proposes, “Is it possible to state, in terms which are clearly definable and measurable, the psychological conditions which are both necessary and sufficient to bring about constructive personality change?” (Rogers, 2007). Rogers proceeds to describe the relationship and interaction between the client and the therapist that must be in place in order for positive personality change to take place.