The purpose of this experiment is to determine the effect of increasing the number jumping jacks (from 0 to 30 to 60 to 90) executed by a 15 year old female on the heart rate (beats/minute or bpm) of the female. To test this 3 participants (15 year old females) were gathered and had their resting (0 jumping jacks) heart rates in bpm determined after 2 minutes of sitting down and refraining from movement. In this experiment, to determine the heart rate of the participants the arterial pulses of the radial artery were counted. Since the number of time the artery pulsates is equal to the number of times the heart beats it is considered the same. After that, each participant executed jumping jacks ranging in number from 30 to 60 to 90. After …show more content…
each session, the heart rate of the participant was determined by using a stopwatch to count 20 seconds then having the participant count the number of radial arterial pulses. The hypothesis states that if the participant executes a greater number of jumping jacks then her heart rate will be faster. The data collected supports the hypothesis because as Figure 1 demonstrates, as the number of jumping jacks increases so does the average bpm of the participants. For example, table 5 shows that the average bpm of participants immediately after executing 30 jumping jacks was 111 while the bpm of the same participants immediately after executing 60 jumping jacks was 125.
On average, as the number of jumping jacks executed by a 15 year old female increases at increments of 30 the bpm of the participants immediately after should increase by 18 bpm. The hypothesis is also supported through knowledge of how one’s body reacts to exercise. During vigorous physical activity one’s muscles require a lot of energy. Although some of this energy can be produced by anaerobic metabolism the majority of the energy needed must be aerobic meaning it needs oxygen. Because the bloodstream is responsible for transporting nutrients, wastes, and gases like the aforementioned oxygen to one’s muscles, the heart must pump a large amount of oxygenated blood to support the muscles during exercise. To fulfill this high demand, the heart must beat faster to increase the amount of oxygen transported and to decrease the amount of waste like lactic acid. As the intensity of the exercise increases, or in the case the number of jumping jacks executed increases, the heart must beat even faster because the muscles would be requiring more oxygen since they would have to contract
more. Therefore, it may be concluded that increasing the number of jumping jacks (from 0 to 30 to 60 to 90) executed by a 15 year old female does have an effect on the heart rate (beats/minute or bpm) of the female in that it causes it to increase.
Prior to intubation for a surgical procedure, the anesthesiologist administered a single dose of the neuromuscular blocking agent, succinylcholine, to a 23-year-old female to provide muscular relaxation during surgery and to facilitate the insertion of the endotracheal tube. Following this, the inhalation anesthetic was administered and the surgical procedure completed.
Over a three week period a test subject was instructed to come to the exercise physiology lab once a week. The purpose of the first week was to determine the baseline test data for the participant. During this first week, the subject was asked how many hours of sleep they had gotten the night before and how much they weighed. The subject was then instructed to put on a heart monitor and wear an O2 apparatus and begin running on a treadmill. This treadmill was set at zero incline for the beginning of the run until three minutes had passed. At the three minute mark the incline increased by 2.5%. After this the incline was continuously increased by 2.5% every two minutes. During this process, the VO2 and RER exchange rate of the subject was being tracked through the O2 apparatus. Their heart rate was recorded every 15 seconds. In addition, the subject was asked their perceived exertion at every increase in incline. The subject continued to run until they could not run anymore, at this time they would hop off the treadmill.
For this experiment, it is important to be familiar with the diving reflex. The diving reflex is found in all mammals and is mainly focused with the preservation of oxygen. The diving reflex refers to an animal surviving underwater without oxygen. They survive longer underwater than on dry land. In order for animals to remain under water for a longer period of time, they use their stored oxygen, decrease oxygen consumption, use anaerobic metabolism, as well as aquatic respiration (Usenko 2017). As stated by Michael Panneton, the size of oxygen stores in animals will also limit aerobic dive capacity (Panneton 2013). The temperature of the water also plays a role. The colder the water is, the larger the diving reflex of oxygen.
The data collected during this experiment has shown that a relationship likely exists between the rate of muscle fatigue and the time spent performing vigorous exercise prior to the set of repetitive movements. This is likely due to a build-up of lactic acid and lactate as a result of anaerobic respiration occurring to provide energy for the muscle cell’s movement. As the pH of the cell would have been lowered, the enzymes necessary in the reactions would likely not be working in their optimum pH range, slowing the respiration reactions and providing an explanation to why the average number of repetitions decreased as the prior amount of exercise increased.
The experiment studies the effects of Red Bull and its major components on the heart rate of a Daphnia. The experiment focuses on the effects of conditions on the cardiovascular system. The Cardiovascular system is responsible for the transport of blood, oxygen, nutrients and waste circulating the body. It consists of the heart, vessels, and blood as in closed circulatory system and hemolymph in open circulatory system, the cardiovascular system is also responsible for thermoregulation in the body. (Gonzalez, 2012). The heart helps pump blood to the lungs and rest of the body. The pumping of heart or the contraction and relaxation of heart determines the heart rate and depends on multiple chemicals that we could influence by using stimulants, depressants, varying temperatures, aerobic, and anaerobic
Contrast the differences between force and torque. Use each term to describe a particular aspect of a muscle’s contraction relative to a joint. (6 pts)
In the study it was hypothesized, that the pulse rate does not increase after a step test exercise. This hypothesis is not valid because the result of the step test proves otherwise. In the study, the individuals who participated in the step test took their pulse rates before and after the step test, looking at the overall results, figures and the averages of both tests, we can conclude that the step test exercise does affect the pulse rate of an individual.
In this lab, we explored the theory of maximal oxygen consumption. “Maximal oxygen uptake (VO2max) is defined as the highest rate at which oxygen can be taken up and utilized by the body during severe exercise” (Bassett and Howley, 2000). VO2max is measured in millimeters of O2 consumed per kilogram of body weight per min (ml/kg/min). It is commonly known as a good way to determine a subject’s cardio-respiratory endurance and aerobic fitness level. Two people whom are given the same aerobic task (can both be considered “fit”) however, the more fit individual can consume more oxygen to produce enough energy to sustain higher, intense work loads during exercise. The purpose of this lab experiment was performed to determine the VO2max results of a trained vs. an untrained participant to see who was more fit.
This article discusses in detail, the various benefits of cardiovascular exercise for overall cardiovascular health.
VA Cornelissen, B Verheyden, AE Aubert and RH Fagard. Effects of aerobic training intensity on resting, exercise and post-exercise blood pressure, heart rate and heart-rate variability. Journal of Human Hypertension (2010) 24, 175–182. Ebsohost. Available from: http://web.b.ebscohost.com.proxy.elmhurst.edu/ehost/pdfviewer/pdfviewer?sid=1e07b620-5e31-4733-ac67-63170534f7b3%40sessionmgr115&vid=2&hid=126
... uptake during submaximal exercise but did increase heart rate and the rate-pressure product at rest and during both exercise and recovery’.
The study of cardio physiology was broken up into five distinct parts all centering on the cardiovascular system. The first lab was utilization of the electrocardiogram (ECG). This studied the electrical activities of the heart by placing electrodes on different parts of the skin. This results in a graph on calibrated paper of these activities. These graphs are useful in the diagnosis of heart disease and heart abnormalities. Alongside natural heart abnormalities are those induced by chemical substances. The electrocardiogram is useful in showing how these chemicals adjust the electrical impulses that it induces.
The purpose of this experiment was to gather data on how the amount of time spent active impacts the speed of heart rate in beats per minute. The hypothesis stated that if the amount of time active is lengthened then the speed of the heart rate is expected to rise because when one is active, the cells of the body are using the oxygen quickly. The heart then needs to speed up in order to maintain homeostasis by rapidly providing oxygen to the working cells. The hypothesis is accepted because the data collected supports the initial prediction. There is a relationship between the amount of time spent active and the speed of heart rate: as the amount of time spent active rose, the data displayed that the speed that the heart was beating at had also increased. This relationship is visible in the data since the average resting heart rate was 79 beats per minutes, while the results show that the average heart rate after taking part in 30 seconds of activity had risen to 165 beats per minute, which is a significantly larger amount of beats per minute compared to the resting heart rate. Furthermore, the average heart rates after 10 and 20 seconds of activity were 124 and 152 beats per minute, and both of which are higher than the original average resting heartbeat of 79.
Hypothesis – I predict that as the intensity increases during exercise the heart rate will also increase. I think this because your body needs oxygen in order to efficiently break down glucose and process it into your cells. As the exercise intensifies, you need more energy and therefore more oxygen. Your blood carries oxygen from the lungs to your muscles. To keep up with these increased oxygen needs, you have to have more blood going to your muscles. As a result, your heart pumps faster, sending more oxygenated blood to your muscles per second.
AIM: - the aim of this experiment is to find out what the effects of exercise are on the heart rate. And to record these results in various formats. VARIABLES: - * Type of exercise * Duration of exercise * Intensity of exercise * Stage of respiration