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An essay on social exchange theory
Social exchange theory peter george
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500 days of summer is a story where a boy meets a girl, he falls in love with her yet she does not truly love him. The movie shows the progression of the relationship of Tom and Summer. It begins when they first meet when Summer begins working as a secretary where Tom works and progresses to them casually dating. Summer is obviously hesitant and against relationships yet Tom is overly eager to find the perfect girl. The story ultimately shows the demise and after effects of their relationship. At first thought anyone could think this is the typical love story where the movie casually progresses to them living happily ever after. This is not that kind of fairy tale love story.
A primary reason that Tom and Summer are able to be interested in and be attracted to each other is due to their close proximity. They work at the same job which means that they will spend more time with each other and have more interaction. The propinquity effect tells us that the more time a person spends with someone, and the more interaction they have can lead to a higher chance of that person having a closer relationship with us.
The immediate and initial attraction Tom has for Summer is purely aesthetic. He knows nothing about her other than she has the ideal features associated with Tom's opinion of what is physically attractive. The fact that they have similar appearances to each other could be another facet of the attraction. They both have dark brown hair, are near each other in height, and have a similar build and body frame size. Because of the studies conducted by Mackinnon, Jordan, and Wilson in 2011 showed that people are drawn closer to others that have similar features and appearances as them, this has a strong possibility of being a...
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...as an interest in him. He is trying to repeat the action and circumstances to reach the result and happiness that he once had in the past.
Although they do not end up together in the end of the story, I believe this is the perfect example of social exchange theory from the male protagonist point of view. The more social interaction he shares with his love interest is the reward he is given, simply because his goal is to have more contact with her and ideally have her fall in love with him and live happily ever after.
References
Aronson, E., Wilson, T. D., & Akert, R. M. (2013). Interpersonal Attraction. Social psychology
(8th ed., pp. 267-297). Boston: Pearson.
Emerson, E. M. (1976) Social Exchange Theory. Annual Review of Sociology Vol. 2 (pp. 335-362)
Annual Reviews. Retrieved from
http://umsl.edu/~keelr/3210/resources/emerson_social_exchange.pdf
Much of the relationship of When Harry Met Sally stems from the Attractive Theory. In this theory, it explains “the three primary forces that draw people together to form a relationship” which are based on proximity, attractiveness, and similarity (Alberts, Nakayama, and Martin 219). Although, Sally and Harry personality and lifestyles reflected different attitudes and values still they shared similarities in common friends, social group, and University. In addition to these similarities, the two simultaneously experienced a break up with their long-term partners, Joe and Helen. While each
The story of Summer, by David Updike, is set during that idyllic time in life when responsibility is the last word on anyone's mind. And yet, as with all human affairs, responsibility is an ever-present and ever-necessary aspect to life. What happens when the protagonist, Homer, loses his awareness of a certain personal responsibility to maintain self-control? Homer's actions increasingly make him act foolishly, internally and externally. Also, how does Homer return to a sense of sanity and responsibility? To a degree, I would say that he does.
respect for the past itself, and is not attempting to relive it. He is an intruder in this past, yet he wants desperately to understand its meaning, rather than just appreciate its beauty.
Nonverbal communication contributed a large part in creating relational uncertainty within Tom and Summer’s relationship. There were multiple occasions within the film when Summer’s behavior may have led Tom to believe that she wanted more than the platonic relationship she established. For example, Summer kissed Tom in the copy room of the greeting card company after she discovered that he had feelings for her at a workplace karaoke night. “A kiss…can mean anything from a polite but superficial greeting to the most intense arousal” (205) states the communications textbook, Looking Out Looking In. In other words, a kiss is very dependent on contextual factors in order to gauge its significance. Haptics, the study of touching, can be applied to this situation to better understand Tom’s interpretation of the event. At this point, Tom and Summer’s
Now to try and find out why such a romantic love story is a favorite of men.
After a more detailed examination of the stories, however, it becomes evident that each individual is striving to find love. Though love is a universal goal, each person's criteria for a meaningful, fulfilling and loving relationship varies. This is clearly demonstrated by the different situations in which the characters find themselves. The conventional, stereotypical, and almost cliché demonstration of love can be seen in stories A & D, where the characters simply "fall in love and get married".
In Kelly Link 's short story, The Summer People, the overall theme is that of debt, relationships and wealth. The story is about Fran, a teenage girl who lives in rural North Carolina. Her father, who comes in and out of her life, has gone away to Florida to find God. The mother abandoned them and left Fran in charge of the summer people. The short story starts out with Fran having the flu and now is taking care of herself. She decides to go to school, but later realizes that she can’t do it. She convinces an old friend, Ophelia to drive her home. Fran sends Ophelia to the summer people to get her medicine. Fran convinces Ophelia to sleep in the room. Fran finally feels free because she decides to make her escape. In her short story, The Summer People, Kelly Link helps Fran escape the Summer People House, just like her mother, via her renewed friendship with Ophelia.
Cottino-Jones sums up love and the community in this story in her book. She says, "the lovers in this books are constantly faced with violence, death and isolation when their affairs come into conflict with society’s rigid behavior codes "(Cottino-Jones, 79). Lack of communication and social factors made everyone in the story unhappy or dead.
The definition of the Social Exchange theory in very simple language is a model describing an exchange of benefits. In the case of the Social Exchange theory, these benefits need not be monetary or tangible, but certainly could be, if that was what was needed (Molm, 2006, p.30). According to Linda Molm, “People depend on one another for much of what they need and value in social life, and they provide these benefits to each other through the process of social exchange” (Molm, 2006, p.24). The longer definition and the focus of the Social Exchange framework as defined by Linda Molm are “the benefits that people obtain from, and contribute to, social interaction and the opportunity structures and interdependencies that govern those exc...
"This is a story of boy meets girl, but you should know upfront, this is not a love story" (Webb, 2009). Marc Webb's film (500) Days of Summer, is an unconventional unrequited story about love. Tom Hansen meets Summer Finn at work and instantly knows that she is the girl for him. He takes the viewers on a journey through the highs and lows of his continuously evolving relationship. Webb relies on editing, style, and image to draw viewer interest. Production techniques and narrative are used to portray thoughts, emotions, and motivations of the two characters. In (500) Days of Summer, content and form work together to create a conventional post-modernist and post-classical Hollywood style film.
...; With the use of applying this theory to an episode as a demonstration, an application, and then an explanation, it is easy to see how the Social Exchange theory is related to everyday situations. Not only can the theory be applied to amorous relationships, but to that of friendships. The utility of the theory is seen in just about every type of interaction and is key to better understanding why relationships, friendships, or any mutual interaction, for that matter, turn out being costly or rewarding.
You don't have to be into religion to understand and allow yourself to get into this movie. Excellently set on a secluded lake in the mountains in Korea, director Kim Ki-duk has created a classic love story with a religious twist with the movie Spring, Summer, Fall, Winter, And Spring. The movie doesn’t have a lot of talking and characters. The title is used to show the growing up of a young boy and shows a few valuable lessons along the way. The old man and his student live in a floating monastery, away from all life and that is significant because it shows that you don’t need to be around people 24/7 to live life to the fullest.
The Civil Rights Movement is still a long operation that is continuing today. The South is known as the main place where racism is still strong, but many people don’t know about Freedom Summer. Freedom Summer occurred during the summer of 1964 in the South, largely in Mississippi. The Event was meant to help the African American population of the state gain the confidence to vote. Though African Americans made up a large portion of the population, only about 7 percent of available black voters were registered by 1962 in Mississippi.
The movie 500 Days of Summer is a romantic comedy starring Joseph Gordon-Levitt and Zoey Deshanel, and is directed by Marc Webb. The movie is about the different stages of the relationship between Tom (Gordon-Levitt) and Summer (Deschanel). Evidently, the story is about how Tom deals with their relationship throughout these stages of the relationship, which is described throughout 500 days; how they start dating, the core of their relationship, post relationship, and how Tom gets over Summer. The movie goes day by day from 1-500, but not in a chronological order. This gives a view into their relationship: the honeymoon phase, the everyday life, and when it goes bad. It is a different way to go about a romantic comedy, which gives a more realistic
Social Exchange theory was created by George Homans in 1958. Since its publication as “Social Behavior as Exchange”, several other theorists like Peter Blau, Richard Emerson, John Thibaut, and Harold Kelley have contributed to the theory. Before diving into the biggest concepts of this theory, two main properties need to be discussed. This theory is all about social exchanges, which are essentially reactions and decisions in relationships. The two properties are self-interest and interdependence. They are the two fundamental interactions between two individuals who each have something of value to the other. When an individual is looking out for their own self-interest, they are looking out for their own economic and psychological needs which can result in things like greed and competition. However, self-interest is not seen as a negative thing; in fact, it can result in both parties achieving their own interests. Interdependence, on the other hand, is harder to study but it is the combination of the two using both their efforts to gain something. Interdependence has higher social implications. Homans, as the founder of the theory, had it say that the theory consists of a social exchange with rewards and costs between at least two people. Rewards are defined as objects that have a positive value and are sought out by individuals. Costs are defined as objects that have a negative value and are avoided by individuals. Rewards in regards to relationships are things like support, friendship, and acceptance, while costs are things like energy spent, time, and money. Essentially this theory states that every individual is trying to maximize their wins or their worth and end up with something that is more positive than negative. Worth equ...