Physics is a branch of science that studies the fundamental laws of nature. It deals with how matter, energy, and forces interact in the universe. As one of the oldest sciences, physics has been studied since ancient times. Throughout its history, it has evolved from simple observations to complex mathematical equations that explain our world today.

The study of physics involves understanding both experimental evidence and theoretical models to gain an understanding of how things work at their most basic level. This includes studying the behavior of particles such as atoms or electrons as well as larger objects like stars or galaxies. By using mathematics, physicists can predict how these different systems will behave under various conditions, which helps us better understand the environment around us.

One way physicists use mathematics to describe physical phenomena is through Newton’s Laws, which were first formulated by Sir Isaac Newton in 1687 CE. These three laws help scientists make predictions about motion based on forces acting upon objects. For example, if we know two masses are connected via a rope, then Newton’s second law tells us that when one mass accelerates, so does the other due to this connection between them—even though they may be separated by some distance! This concept allows engineers to design structures like bridges where each part affects all others within it similarly when acted upon externally (such as by wind).

Another important tool for describing physical phenomena is thermodynamics—specifically entropy—which was developed during the 19th century CE. Entropy measures disorder within a system, meaning if there is more order than chaos, then entropy will decrease while chaos increases entropy values overall, making it easier for scientists to measure changes over time without having too many variables impacting results (like temperature or pressure). The Second Law states that any closed system must always increase its total entropy, no matter what happens inside, providing valuable insight into why certain processes occur naturally but do not necessarily reverse themselves easily.

In addition to these two major branches of physics, there are also sub-disciplines such as quantum mechanics and relativity, which enable researchers to explore specific areas related directly or indirectly to the fundamental principles discovered through experimentation and observation centuries ago. This adds complexity to existing theories rather than completely replacing them altogether. Quantum mechanics primarily deals with interactions between particles at very small scales, while relativistic theory describes effects observed over large distances at or near light speed velocities, where space itself becomes curved due to possible gravitational influences from nearby massive bodies like black holes, and so on.

These days, modern technology enables researchers to access data far beyond what was previously achievable, facilitating daily progress across a wide range of topics, from materials science to individual quarks and gluons that make up protons and neutrons. Yet, many questions posed millennia ago remain largely unanswered despite the advances achieved so far along the journey toward an eventual resolution. The complete picture may only be revealed to future generations.