Introduction A very good indicator for the health of the nation is the national epidemic of childhood and adolescent obesity, currently a target objective for Healthy people 2010 (DHHS). The Surgeon General reports there are 12.5 million children between toddlers and school age who are obese, a prevalence of 17%, while children at risk for obesity have a prevalence of 16% (General). A third of the child population are obese or at risk for obesity. This condition crosses all age groups, ethnicities, socioeconomic backgrounds and is determined by the measurement of high Body Mass Index (BMI), based on weights and heights in children. Obesity is a leading contributing factor known to have an effect on the morbidity and mortality rates. This condition is one of the main reasons for the rise in hypertension, type 2 diabetes, heart disease, depression; chronic illnesses and diseases that are commonly associated with adults. Children and adolescent obesity continue to be a risk for health in the United States, especially when it manifests early in life. If the condition of childhood obesity is not reduced, the life expectancy for this generation of children could be less than their parents and grandparents. Currently the nation has several initiatives to combat the childhood obesity epidemic e.g. The First Lady, Michelle Obama’s “Let’s move” campaign, the FDA’s calories count, along with local municipalities changing school lunch programs, just to name a few. However, when severely obese children do not have success with non-surgical approaches some turn to bariatric surgery. Background Bariatric surgery is the reduction in size or restriction of the stomach in order to reduce the amount of food a person consumes. Bariatr... ... middle of paper ... ...ssive Symptoms in Adolescents With Extreme Obesity Presenting for Bariatric Surgery. Pediatrics , 1155-1161. NCHS. (2003-2004). National Center for Health Statistics, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Retrieved from www.cdc./nchs/data/hestat/overweight/overweight_child_under02.htm. Ogden, C. L., Carroll, M. D., Curtin, l. R., & al., e. (2010). Prevalence of High Body Mass Index in US Children and Adolescents, 2007-2008. JAMA , 242-249. Organization, W. H. (2000). "Obesity:preventing and managing the global epidemic," Report of a WHO Consultation . Geneva : World Health Organization. Services, U. D. (2000). Healthy People 2010. Washington, dc: Government Printing Office. Internet Cites used: www.Pediatrics.org www.obesityjournal.org www.nih.gov www.fda.gov www.obesity.org www.cdc.gov www.jama.com www.ama.org www.healthypeople.gov www.nich.org
National Institute of Clinical Health and Excellence. (2006) Obesity: The prevention, identification, assessment and management of overweight and obesity in adults and children [online]. Available from: http://www.nice.org.uk/guidance/CG43 [Accessed on 19/03/2011].
"Treating Obesity Vital For Public Health, Physicians Say." Science Daily. 2006. Web. 10 May 2014. .
In order to impede the epidemic of childhood obesity, the actual causes of the problem need to be evaluated and dissected. Obesity in children is becoming a huge problem in American society. In the past three decades, the rate of overweight children has increased by 300%. This is an alarming rate that is only climbing higher. Every member in society should take steps to becoming healthier. This would help the present generations as well as future generations to come. The lifestyle of Americans keeps us too busy to be a healthy society.
To help out with my research on childhood obesity I am creating this annotated bibliography. I am researching the health issues related to childhood obesity as well as the long term effects.
"Overweight and Obesity: Adult Obesity Facts." U.S. Department of Health & Human services. 16 June 2015: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Web. 21 September 2015. http://www.cdc.gov/obesity/data/adult.html
"Prevalence of Obesity Among Adults: United States, 2011–2012." National Center for Health Statistics. N.p., n.d. Web. .
Obesity in children across America has become an increasing public health concern. Obesity has been identified as an epidemic that is plaguing our children in the United States. In some countries around the world children are dying of starvation everyday. How can this happen when here in America the opposite is a major problem? This is not to say that in America there are no hungry or starving children. It has been proven that our children suffer from obesity, and “children who are overweight or obese as preschoolers are five times as likely as normal-weight children to be overweight or obese as adults” (“Hope”). Obesity not only can cause a child to become more prone to having health problems down the road, but it can also make them feel insecure about themselves. There needs to be action taken in schools as well as in homes to help prevent this growing epidemic.
Today, approximately 25 percent of children and teenagers are obese and the number is on the rise. Since the 1960’s childhood obesity has increased by 54 percent in children ages six to eleven. In children twelve to seventeen it has increased by 39 percent. (Silberstein, 1) Childhood obesity is so prevalent among these age groups that it has reached epidemic proportions.
"Obesity and Overweight for Childhood." Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Web. 23 Apr. 2011.
The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (2010). Healthy Youth!. Retrieved March 20, 2010 from http://www.cdc.gov/HealthyYouth/obesity/.
Researchers from the Mercer University School of Medicine studied the connection between obesity and health associated quality of life in individuals aged 18 and older by means of data from the 2000 MEPS. After regulating for socioeconomic aspects and disease significance, they revealed that quality of life declined with growing levels of obesity. Those who were obese had considerably inferior health-related quality of life compared to those who were normal weight (Research on Obesity and Overweight, p.3). For the foremost time, the figure of overweight people worldwide equals the numbers who are underweight. Developing countries have likewise joined the ranks of nations distressed by obesity. A 1999 United Nations (UN) survey revealed obesity increasing in the entire developing regions, even in nations overwhelmed by starvation. In China, the figure of overweight people increased from less than 10 percent to 15 percent within three years. In Brazil and Colombia, the number of overweight is approximately 40 percent equivalent with a number of European nations. Yet sub-Saharan Africa, where most of the worlds famished exist, is considering a raise in obesity, particularly among urban women. In all areas, obesity seems to increase as incom...
According to the Center for Disease Control (CDC) about “17% (or 12.5 million) of children and adolescents aged 2-19 years are obese” (Moreno et al., 2013 P.157). “Surveys administered in 1976-1980 and 2007-2008 show that the prevalence of obesity has changed from 6.5% to 19.6% among children 6-11 years old age and from 5.0% to 18.1% for those aged 12-19 years (Moreno et al., 2013 P.157).
Childhood Obesity in America. (n.d.). Retrieved Jan 22, 2011, from Seattle Sutton's Healthy Eating: www.seattlesutton.com/media/document/childhood-obesity-in-america
" The Obesity Epidemic in Young Children." National Center for Biotechnology Information. U.S. National Library of Medicine, 10 Feb. 2001. Web.
Obesity occurs in all countries and it is one of the gravest problems in modern society. Obesity problems have become one matter of concern for individuals all around the world. What is more is that Obesity rates continue to rise all around the world. One of the chief causes is unhealthy diets. Obesity is also due to lack of exercise and lack of education and awareness. Therefore obesity has various effects including the risk of suffering from a range of health conditions, increased expenditure on health care and lack of self-esteem.