In physical therapy, patients come to the clinic with a long list of symptoms and a specific mechanism of injury. It is the physical therapists job to take this information and form hypotheses of what pathology may be affecting the patient. With the patient that has been presented in this case, a full history shows a very good description of symptoms and what the patient remembers happening when the injury occurred. With this history, an examination plan can be created in order to make this examination
by two major blood vessel systems; the carotid arteries, which extend up either side of the front of the neck, and the vertebral arteries, which extend up the length of the spinal cord to form one basilar artery at the base of the skull. These two arteries connect around the brainstem to form the Circle of Willis, from which several other artery systems branch (Brain Aneurysm Foundation n.d.). In order to allow the blood to flow properly, the artery walls are composed of both a muscular and an elastic
injuries involving the neck due to a rapid, forceful, backwards motion6 • May involve the following: 6 ○ Injury to vertebral and paravertebral structures (fractures, dislocations, ligamentous tears, and disc disruption/subluxation) ○ Spinal cord injury (traumatic central cord syndrome secondary to cord compression or vascular insult) ○ Vascular injury (vertebral artery or carotid artery dissection) ○ Soft tissue injury around cervical spine (cervical strain/sprain) CLASSIFICATION • Cervical Injury
back pain affects around 15% and 45% of the general American population (Schoenfeld). There are several conditions that can create lower back pain and sensory symptoms. Typically conditions cause is degeneration of disk, compression of nerves and/or arteries, or bony formation/ inflammation. One of the most common lower back condition is Spondylosis, degeneration of intervertebral disk and is often paired with Spondylitis which creates inflammation of the joints of the spine. It is important to note
spondylosis is degeneration of the vertebral bodies, mainly the lateral, anterior and rarely posterior vertebral bodies. This is seen as osteophytes (extra bony outgrowths from the vertebral bodies). I have shown it in the picture below. These are generally harmless and do not cause any symptoms, alone. They are usually seen as a chance finding when an Xray of lumbar spine is done. Its presence is of no clinical significance. So how and why are they formed? Our vertebral bodies
Stroke Stroke is a commonly known disease that is often fatal. This cellular disease occurs when blood flow to the brain is interrupted by either a blood clot halting the progress of blood cells in an artery, called an Ischemic stroke, or a blood vessel in the brain bursting or leaking causing internal bleeding in the brain, called a hemorrhagic stroke. When this happens, brain cells are deprived of oxygen and nutrients because the blood cells carrying these essential things are stopped, causing
Cervical Spine Injuries are very serious, and should always be treated as a medical emergency. The most common mechanism of this injury, among many, is the axial compression of the vertebrae due to headfirst impact (Ivancic). This mechanism is most commonly seen in American football, but is also very common in rugby, hockey, diving accidents, wrestling, gymnastics, or equestrian sports. Since this injury is so common in American football, many safety requirements have been set into place. Officials
supply into your legs and lower body. Your heart and circulation must respond within seconds to keep enough blood flowing to your brain. To meet the challenge, your heart will speed up by 10-15 beats a minute, and your nervous system will tell your arteries to narrow so your blood pressure rise. But if everything is not just right, your blood pressure may drop--and you may
chemicals and water in your body balanced. The urinary system removes urea from your body. Urea is made when the foods you eat that are high in protein are broken down in the body. Urea is then carried into the bloodstream to the kidneys by the renal arteries. The kidneys are bean shaped organs. They are a brownish-purplish sort of color. The outside of the kidneys are very tough, but smooth. This is described as a fibrous tunic. The outer part has millions of nephrons which are the basic unit of the
Statistics Low back pain is the single leading cause of disability worldwide, according to the Global Burden of Disease 2010, which can affect anyone at any age. During one year, up to half of the adult population (15%-49%) will have back pain. It is estimated that four out of every five adults (80%) will experience back pain at some stage in their life. Studies show higher rate in females than males. The number of people with back pain increases with advancing age, starting in school children and
figures might. The first simile used, "Pulsing out red light like an artery," serves two purposes. First and most obviously, it describes the light of a flare in vivid detail. A picture of a ruptured artery, pumping out deep, red blood in steady, rhythmic pulses, easily conjures up a vision of an emergency flare's crimson beam. Second, and much more subtle, the simile is a portent of the events about to occur, a pierced artery is frequently a mortal w...
Microsurgery: Sewing Blood Vessels and Nerves Back Together A man came into the emergency ward at one o'clock. His thumb came in an hour later. The surgeon's job: get them back together. The successful re-attaching of fingers to hand requires long hours of painstaking work in microsurgery. In the operating room , the surgeon doesn't stand, but sits in a chair that supports her body. Her arm is cradled by a pillow. Scalpels are present as are other standard surgical tools, but the suture
The Significance of Homeostasis to the Human Body What is homeostasis? According to the 'Oxford Colour Medical Dictionary, Third Edition' homeostasis is the "the physiological process by which the internal systems of the body (e.g. blood pressure, body temperature, acid-base balance) are maintained at equilibrium, despite variations in the external conditions" Homeostasis is the maintenance of a stable internal environment within tolerance limits, this is the restricted range of conditions
Coronary Heart Disease Coronary heart disease occurs when the coronary arteries become partially blocked from, cholesterol and fat, circulating in the blood. This causes a build up inside the walls of the arteries. This only occurs if the levels of fat and cholesterol are extremely high in the blood that there is a greater chance that it will be deposited onto the artery walls. If the arteries become completely blocked, the patient will have a myocardial infarction, commonly known as a heart
Yoga is a simple process of reversing the ordinary outward flow of energy and consciousness so that the mind becomes a dynamic center of direct perception no longer dependent upon the fallible senses but capable of actually experiencing Truth (Self-Realization Fellowship). Yoga also helps a person’s physical well being. So what are the effects of yoga in fitness? Well, there are several ways that yoga affects people’s physical fitness components; there are also several benefits, and also many ways
Sepsis: Early Detection and Implementation of Sepsis Resuscitation Bundle Introduction Sepsis is defined as the body’s inflammatory response to an infection and can quickly lead to multiple organ failure and death. Early, goal-directed therapy using the sepsis resuscitation bundle introduced in the “Surviving Sepsis Campaign” is the treatment used throughout the world for sepsis treatment (Winterbottom 2012, pp 247). There are approximately one million cases of sepsis in the United States
Why people should laugh every day? What makes people laugh? Well, many things. If I were to ask a person “What makes you laugh?” The person may respond by saying “Something that is funny.” What is considered “funny”, one may ask. Humor can be defined as a comic, absurd, or incongruous quality causing amusement (Dictionary.com). People laugh at different kinds of things, for different reasons. A person can find laughter in humorous films, TV sitcoms, or friends’ anecdotes. Furthermore, laughter is
the walls of blood vessels due to the pumping action of the heart (Jenkins, et al, 2006). The pressure of the blood within the circulatory system serves two functions. First, it moves some of the circulating blood towards the lungs into the carotid arteries, providing oxygen and essential nutrients to all major organs such as the heart and brain. Secondly; it forces blood through the tiny capillaries in the tissues. These vessels are so narrow that without arterial pressure blood would not flow through
Section one Homeostasis, which literally means ‘same standing’ from the Greek words for "same" and "steady," refers to any process that living things use to actively maintain fairly stable conditions necessary for survival (Clancy et al., 2011). It is a term introduced by Cannon in 1930 to describe the goal of all the body’s physiological processes. These processes dynamically maintain a relatively constant state called steady-state in the internal environment (CREDO, 2006). The internal environment
throughout the body through a network of many arteries and veins, providing it with nutrients and oxygen. Also, the cardiovascular fights infections and disease in the body and creates blood cells. Never the less, blood acts as a filtration system for the body and removes waste, cell debris, or bacteria from the bloodstream. As blood travels through the circulatory system, it is first pumped from the right side of the heart to the lungs through the pulmonary arteries and then separates into arterioles which