Peripheral Vascular Disease (PVD) is a generalized term referring to a spectrum of vascular disorders that alter the structure or function on any non-coronary artery. Atherosclerosis is the most common vascular disorder affecting the peripheral arteries (Ali & Carman, 2012). Atherosclerosis, commonly known as hardening of the arteries, is a general vascular disorder that can be located in any blood vessels throughout the body. It causes a reduction of blood flow and loss of function. Peripheral
Nursing is known as the ‘caring profession’, one of its main aspects is communication. Nurses spend the majority of their time communicating with patients, relatives of patients, and other healthcare professionals. Communication is a fundamental skill that underpins human interaction, and so it is mandatory that nurses are effective and adaptable in social situations (Kraszewski & McEwen, 2010: Preface). This case study endeavours to explore professional issues and communication in relation to person-centred
recommended that she undergo some test to find out if there was an underlying cause for the pain in the hallux. The results of the test indicated that she had a condition called Peripheral artery disease (PAD), as a result of this no blood was getting to her hallux. “Peripheral artery disease (also called peripheral arterial disease) is a common circulatory problem in which narrowed arteries reduce blood flow to your limbs.” (mayoclinic.org) A decision was made immediately to amputate the toe, she explained
through these blood vessels can be disrupted resulting in peripheral vascular diseases. These diseases occur as a result of narrowing or blocking of the blood vessels. The risk factors of peripheral vascular diseases include diabetes, smoking, high level of cholesterol, overweight, high blood pressure etc. these risk factors result to aneurysms, Raynaud’s diseases, Buerger’s disease, renal artery disease etc. With this diseases, the peripheral vascular system should be assessed to enable nurses and other
of developing primarily vascular complications that contribute to morbidity and mortality of diabetic patients. Poor glycaemic control leads to vascular complications that affect large (macrovascular), small (microvascular) vessels or both. Macrovascular complications include coronary heart disease, peripheral vascular disease and stroke. Microvascular complications contribute to diabetic neuropathy (nerve damage), nephropathy (kidney disease) and retinopathy (eye disease). Macrovascular Complications
Characterization of peripheral arterial diseases can be broadly performed noninvasively and invasively by computed tomography angiography (CTA), magnetic resonance (MR), digital subtraction angiography as well as Doppler ultrasonography (Stanford 2005). Invasive digital subtraction angiography has been classified as a gold standard method to evaluate the lower extremity vascular diseases (Ota et al 2004). However in a certain circumstances due to limitation of this technique it is seemly inapplicable
common diseases of the hormonal system. Diabetes is a disease caused by a number of factors such as due to complete or partial loss of insulin production or complete or partial loss of its action or both. Whatever the type of diabetes, the main feature of all types of diabetes is elevated level of blood glucose termed as hyperglycemia. A disease forming alterations in capillary’s basement membrane thickening, elevation of matrix of vessel wall and proliferation cell leading to the vascular complications
kidney disease ( CKD) and dyslipedemia. She presently has continuous moderate pain in her right leg below the knee in general and severe exacerbations of pain in her toe and blackened second right toe. Doppler study showed monophasic flow below popliteal artery and absent flow in dorsalis pedis artery suggesting ischemia of right lower limb. The above history is suggestive of Critical Limb Ischemia due to reduced blood flow to legs leading to pain and gangrene. It is a kind of severe peripheral vascular
is a medical condition characterized by inability to initiate or maintain an erection. It is commonly caused by psychological factors in young healthy men but may be due to underlying conditions such as obesity, hypogonadism, diabetes, peripheral vascular disease, or spinal problems in older adults. Erectile dysfunction is an exceedingly common condition, especially in elderly males. Individuals may have preserved sexual desire but cannot sexually perform to their partner’s satisfaction – this
blindness and amputation in the United States. Diabetes is not categorized as one single disease but a group of complications with glucose intolerance in common. It is a metabolic disorder characterized as hyperglycemia which results from a decreased insulin production, secretion and usage. Diabetes also increases the risk of renal disease, heart disease, vascular disease, neuropathy, retinopathy and cerebral vascular accidents. Regular exercise and healthy eating play an important role in the prevention
consider is if the wound has an adequate vascular supply that can be assessed by. 1. Peripheral pulses 2. Ankle brachial pressure index (ABPI) 3. Audible Doppler examination 4. Toe pressure 5. Angiography Once the vascular component has been assessed, we get a clear idea of the main limiting organic factor in wound healing. We can then build on this information by assessing the patient 's cofactors in healing. This step is essential in order to maximize the vascular network the patient possesses. Those
extent. High cholesterol levels cause various diseases. Facts – An average American has cholesterol levels that are extremely high and 1 in 6 has a high level. Types of Cholesterol Cholesterol travels through the blood attached to a protein. This combination of cholesterol and protein is called lipoprotein. 1. Low density lipoprotein - This can cause a buildup of plaque on the walls of arteries.The more LDL in the blood, greater the risk of heart disease. 2. High density lipoprotein - This helps the
different type of disease that we are facing now in the dental practice and also for the different types of treatments that they found for the different medical problems . Because of the increasing number of the elderly patients that are attending to the dental clinics seeking for dental treatment , is very important to know if they have any medical problem or no , because usually at their age these old patient presents with chronic medical problems , and here we are talking about heart diseases , hypertension
REASON CHIEF COMPLAINT: Hypertensive nephropathy. BLANKLINE Mr. Porter is a 54-year-old gentleman with severe vascular disease who was probable hypertensive nephropathy. His creatinine was 1.9 in 2009, 2.1 in 2011, 2.0 in 2012, 2.4 in 2013, and in 12/2016 it was still 2.4. Unfortunately, in association with a foot wound and vancomycin and Zosyn infusion that he has had this month his creatinine is now up to 3.7. Other labs: Past renal ultrasound unremarkable. Microalbumin to creatinine ratio
These conditions similarly to ACS may be potential causes of Betty’s chest pain. Betty has known peripheral vascular disease (PVD) and cellulitis. They are both nociceptive somatic pain. Somatic pain associated with cellulitis originate from the skins surface and underlying tissues (DeWit & Kumargi
a growing epidemic with an estimated 23.6 million people diagnosed with diabetes, and 57 million people diagnosed as pre-diabetic in the United States alone (Lewis, Dirksen, Heitkemper, Bucher, & Camera, 2011). Diabetes is a chronic, multisystem disease in which the body is unable to produce insulin, or the body becomes resistant to the insulin produced. The alteration in insulin regulation in the body results in elevated blood glucose (sugar) levels called hyperglycemia (Lewis et al.). Diabetes
Cholesterol can be linked to many diseases, but what most people don’t know is that cholesterol is actually essential for all animal life to exist. Without it, all animals, including humans, would cease to exist. Without a sufficient amount of cholesterol in the formation of an animal, birth defects occur because the fetus did not have enough cholesterol to function normally. There is actually “healthy” cholesterol and “bad” cholesterol. The “healthy” cholesterol is the approximate 1,000 mg the body
Danielle Duchaine Cardiopulmonary Diseases and Disorders Peripheral Artery Disease Introduction & Thesis statement Pathophysiology: the disordered physiological processes associated with PAD, abnormal functioning of diseased vasculature with applications to medical procedures and patient care, emphasizes quantifiable measurements, looks at the specific malfunctioning that comes from or causes disease Peripheral artery disease is a narrowing and hardening of the blood vessels that supply oxygen and
Providing the patient with self-management of medications. Providing the patient with educational materials on their current condition and how to administer their medication (Humphreys, 2011). Chronic heart failure is a life threating disease, like other chronic diseases such asthma and diabetes chronic heart failure is a condition that is with the patient for life. Chronic heart failure can be very serious and difficult to manage, symptoms of chronic heart failure can be controlled, avoiding unnecessary
pressure (BP) for adequate tissue perfusion, such as vascular reactivity, circulating blood volume, blood viscosity, cardiac output, blood vessel elasticity, and neural stimulation. Increased peripheral resistance, vascular rigidity, and vascular responsiveness to stimuli are significant to the pathophysiology of hypertension. Sodium has a primary effect on blood pressure leading to excess circulating volume, affecting hypertrophy, contractility, and vascular resistance (Buttaro, Trybulski, Bailey, Sandberg-Cook