The term neutropenia describes the situation where the numbers of neutrophils in the blood are decreased to an abnormally low level. Neutrophils are a type of white blood cell also known as polymorphonuclear leukocytes or (PMNs). Neutropenia reduces the body's capability to fight off bacterial infections and fungi (such as yeast) that invade the body. Neutropenia can occur for different reasons. Some degree of neutropenia occurs in about half of all cancer patients who are receiving chemotherapy
Cultural Competence is about understanding the interrelatedness of cultural concepts. The nurse used the knowledge, and skills necessary for providing quality care to the Hispanic lung cancer patient. Leininger 's Sunrise Model represents her theory of cultural care diversity and universality. Cultural care diversity includes the differences in values and permitted models of medical care between different groups of people. Cultural and social structure dimensions include factors related to religion
Kelekian entered Bearing’s room where she was in isolation due to the development of fever neutropenia. Not bothering to put on gloves or gown, he stood near the doorway with only a mask as he put the patient’s safety in jeopardy. He committed maleficence by putting the patient at risk for infection. Although he did briefly inquire if Bearing was
Vitamin B12 Deficiency What is Vitamin B12? Vitamin B12 is an essential nutrient that plays an important role in DNA synthesis and nerve function. It is contained in high amounts in animal derived foods such as milk, eggs, and meat. The vitamin is stored in the liver long-term. Individuals with vegetarian, vegan, or other forms of restricted diet may develop the condition after approximately 6 months as liver stores of vitamin B12 become depleted. Some individuals develop the condition due to
What is cancer? Cancer is a malignant growth or tumour that is prompted by an unrestrained division of unusual cells in the body. These cells have no function. Two main kinds of tumours: Malignant tumours that tend to disseminate to other parts of the body after a period of time whilst benign tumours that usually stay on their formation site. Malignant tumours are dangerous because they can block blood vessels, disrupt the functioning of hollow organs and even cause bleeding. An explanation of
Background: What is a hematologist? A hematologist is a specialist in the science or study of blood, blood-forming organs and blood diseases. The medical aspect of hematology is concerned with the treatment of blood disorders and malignancies, including types of hemophilia, leukemia, lymphoma and sickle-cell anemia. Hematology is a branch of internal medicine that deals with the physiology, pathology, etiology, diagnosis, treatment, prognosis and prevention of blood-related disorders. Becoming
Vancomycin Vancomycin can be classified to the Glycopeptide antibiotic group. • Vancomycin was first discoverd by Eli Lilly, from a soil sample which is collected from the jungles of Borneo. It is a naturally obtained antibiotic produced by the soil bacterium Actinobacteria species Amycolatopsis orientalis • The one advantage that was apparent is that staphylococci did not develop very strong resistance inspite of introducing it several times in culture media with vancomycin • The drug fast tracked
also keep things moving along so that toxins and waste are effectively eliminated from the body. Helps Prevent Infection Insufficient amounts of copper in the body limits the presence of white blood cells called neutrophils, a condition known as neutropenia. Less neutrophils means the body’s immune defenses are weakened and risk of infection is higher. Promotes Energy and Metabolism Copper is a vital ingredient needed for the synthesis of adenosine triphosphate, or ATP— the body’s primary source of
The Effect of Interferon on Infection and Disease Interferon is a natural occurring substance produced by the body in response to infection and disease. It is a protein belonging to the cytokines family and they are a form of chemical messengers that send signals from one cell to another. Manufactured forms of interferon have been shown to help the body's immune system fight off disease more effectively. The interferons we use are made with recombinant DNA techniques. This means that we put
Mucormycosis, most commonly caused by Rhizopus species (6, 15, 60), is a life-threatening emerging fungal infection that occurs in patients with increased available serum iron (e.g. from diabetic ketoacidosis [DKA]), in patients immunocompromised by neutropenia or medications (15), or in trauma patients (61)(62). The infection is generally acquired by inhalation of spores that are ubiquitous in nature and cause either rhino-orbital (almost exclusively in DKA patients) or lung (mainly in neutropenic leukemic
ribosome, which in turn stops protein synthesis. Some major adverse effects include cholestatic jaundice, angioedema, and palpitations. Doxycycline binds to the 30S ribosome, also stopping protein synthesis. Some adverse effects of Doxycycline include neutropenia, thrombocytopenia, and Stevens-Johnson
Thalassemia is an inherited blood disorder characterized by low amounts of hemoglobin and a low count of erythrocytes in the body. Thalassemia is caused by mutations in the deoxyribonucleic acid of cells, which makes hemoglobin. The mutations are passed from parent to child. The mutations vary depending on the type of Thalassemia inherited. The variation in the mutation occurs from the number of gene mutations, which are inherited, as well as mutation within the hemoglobin molecule. Clinical
Hormonal or endocrine therapy can be used to treat metastatic, hormone-receptor-positive breast cancer. Since the early 1970s, the ER antagonist, tamoxifen has been used to inhibit or suppress tumour growth (20). The selective oestrogen receptor modulator (SERM) works by preventing the binding of oestrogen to oestrogen receptors located in the breast tissue (20). In order to exhibit its antagonistic effects, it undergoes metabolism by cytochrome P450 enzymes and converted into its active and inactive
Evidence Based Practice (EBP) is useful to practice because it aids practitioners development and widens their knowledge and insight, therefore enhancing the experience of the practitioner. This ensures that the best quality of care is given to the patient (Duncan, 2006). EBP is defined by Sacket et al as 'the conscientious, explicit and judicious use of current best evidence in making decisions about the care of individual patients.' (Duncan, 2006) The best evidence in this context could therefore
immunocompromised individuals such as: those with HIV, extensive surgery, haematological disorders, and those who have corticosteroids, cytotoxic and suppressive chemotherapy. As a result, their neutrophils drop to abnormal counts, a conditioning know as neutropenia. This state predisposes these patients to many opportunistic fungal infections such as: candidiasis, aspergillosis, cryptococcosis and pneumocystis among others [3]. Candidiasis is a common fungal infection in immunocompromised individuals caused
In the play, One Flew Over the Cuckoo’s Nest, which Dale Wasserman adapts from a Ken Kesey novel, she takes the audience into the world of institutions of psychology inner works. Except it is not done through the eyes of a journalist searching for the truth, but through the eyes of a major character that has little to say throughout the play, Chief Bromden. Chief Bromden plays a major role showing the main character, R. P. McMurphy, what he is up against and does this without speaking a word. Early
they treat Dr. Bearing is strikingly different. This juxtaposition is further exemplified when Dr. Bearing becomes ill from all numerous rounds of intensive chemotherapy treatments. Dr. Posner insensitively diagnoses Dr. Bearing with fever and neutropenia, but at the same time vehemently refuses to lower her treatment doses. Susie tries to argue that Dr. Bearing’s quality of life is clearing suffering, but Dr. Posner will have none
The guidelines’ first focus is the definition of sepsis, which makes sense, because there is no way to effectively treat sepsis without an accurate and categorical definition of the term. The guidelines define sepsis as “the presence (probable or documented) of infection together with systemic manifestations of infection”. Such systemic manifestations can include fever, tachypnea, AMS, WBC >12k, among others; these manifestations are listed in full in Table 1 of the guidelines. The definition
thus may be necessary for appropriate cancer treatment. Some of the lasting effects chemotherapy leaves on the individual include loss of appetite, diarrhea, constipation, bladder issues, bleeding, anemia, hair loss, edema, infections lymphedema, neutropenia, nerve issues, fertility problems and ongoing physical pain. Chemotherapy medicines interfere with the rapidly growing cells of the body. These cells can include those related to hair, skin, fingernails or the stomach lining. Therefore, chemotherapy
time student and employee, I could not get insurance though my parents, my work, or my school. I was not eligible for Medicaid, and found the cost of private insurance was completely out of my budget. 1. This was a bad mistake. I was born with neutropenia, a blood disease that affects the immune system I get sick very easily, and my body has a hard time fighting off any infections and trying to stay healthy without insurance soon became impossible B. Suddenly I found myself in serious debt from