converted from ammonia, as it is a less soluble and less toxic compound. It is the main nitrogenous excretory product of humans. Each kidney receives its blood supply from the renal artery. The kidney consists of millions of filtering units called nephrons. Blood comes to the kidney under high pressure to make filtration efficient. The filtered blood leaves the kidney along the renal veins. The filtered waste products are excreted by the kidney as urine. A narrow tube called the ureter carries
Urea comes from protein metabolism, uric acid is from nucleic acid of DNA and RNA metabolism, and creatinine comes from the phosphagen energy system in muscles. 3. The general anatomy of a nephron consist of a renal cortex, which is the outer part with 1cm of tissue near the surface and urine is being created. The renal medulla involves pyramids and columns where urine trickles down to the pyramid and will be captured by the calyx. A small
The urinary system does more than you might think. The obvious functions of the urinary system are excretory and urine formation which transports storage urine and release, but it does quite a lot more. Since it is a regulator of how much water is in the blood it can impact blood pressure but it can also stimulate blood cell formation. Vitamin D is made from the interaction of sunlight and your skin but it is activated to perform its hormone function by the kidney cells. Your blood must stay within
regulation of the different electrolytes, hormones and the concentration of substances that need to be either reabsorbed or secreted. Alcohol can also cause changes in the anatomy of the kidneys and change the conformation of the different tubules in the nephron. Furthermore, the control of blood acidity and the regulation of other fundamental substances is affected and, together with the other factors listed above, they will be discussed in this essay. The kidneys are a bean-shaped organ in the human body
Thermoregulation is the control of the body’s temperature. The body aims to maintain the body’s temperature at 37 °C. The control centre of maintaining our body temperature is the Hypothalamus in the brain. The hypothalamus is responsible for the key mechanisms to control our body’s temperature and also consists of the body’s temperature sensors. The nervous system uses our nerves and controls every part of our body through the vast amount of nerves. Sensory receptors are located throughout our body
Your kidneys play a very important role in helping your body function properly. The kidneys help your body pass waste as urine and helps filter blood before it’s sent back to the heart. Kidneys are two bean shaped organs that are about the size of a fist. Most people have two kidneys that are located just below the spine, one on each side of the spine. Your kidneys perform many vital functions for your body. They produce hormones that help produce red blood cells, regulates blood pressure, and promotes
Potassium is freely filtered in the glomerulus. Two thirds of the potassium is reabsorbed along the proximal tubule. The potassium concentration in the proximal tubule is roughly equal to that of plasma. In the descending limb of Henle a small amount of potassium is secreted into the luminal fluid and is reabsorbed by the ascending limb of Henle. The concentration of potassium is the distal convoluted tubule is now lower than the concentration in the plasma. The connecting tubule and cortical connecting
I see nephrology as the field of medicine that unambiguously answers complex medical questions based on objective data. I vividly remember the patient encounter that first kindled my interest in nephrology. During a renal rotation in Singapore General Hospital, I palpated a parathyroid gland in the right arm of a tertiary hyper-parathyroid ESRD patient. I was awed by the complex pathophysiology of how the kidney handles body hemostasis and balance and was amazed by the innovative clinical medicine
Each kidney contains over one million microscopic filtering units called nephrons. Urea, along with salt, water and glucose is extracted from the blood in the kidney by a process called ultrafiltration. Blood that passes the top of the nephron is under high pressure, so fluid is forced through the sieve-like capillaries and into the capsule. This fluid is called the filtrate. It does not contain any blood cells or larger proteins, as they are too big to pass out of the capillaries and into the capsule
the urinary system that filters waste, water and electrolytes from the blood forming urine, through a continuous process called ‘Filtration’. (Innerbody.com, 1997). Each kidney has millions of nephrons, these are the functional units of the kidneys where filtration takes place. (Freudenrich, 1997). Nephrons have three functions known as Ultrafiltration, Selective reabsorption and tubular secretion. They are lined with a cellular membrane called ‘Microvilli’, this increases the surface area within
Inside both Kidneys there are millions of tiny nephrons that filter your blood. During dialysis, your blood is being cleaned by a fluid dialysate a “bath”. Wastes and fluids get moved into the bath and are taken away from your body. The machine controls the flow of the blood and what’s getting poured
Comprising of the kidneys, ureter, bladder and urethra, the urinary system is responsible for the filtration, reabsorption and/or removal of dissolved organic substances and materials from the human blood stream. Fed directly by the aortic and superior vena cava blood vessels, the kidneys are the first point of the urinary system. The kidneys produce the urine which drains into, and is stored in the bladder through the ureter before being excreted through the urethra as waste, and out of the body
alkalosis, is a disorder involving a set of three other closely related disorders. These rare congenital Bartter-like syndromes share many pathophysiological simularities, but differ in the age of onset and the location of genetic problems in the nephron (Guay-Woodford). →Most of those affected are diagnosed at a very young age, usually within the first 30 weeks of gestation but as late adelescence, and there does not appear to be an racial or ethnic correlation with the disease, however it can
secondary to burns, hypertension, and reduced cardiac output in patients with congestive heart failure. If the main cause continues to affect renal perfusion this may lead to ischemic damage to the nephrons (Ludwig, Mathews, Gregg 2012). Intrarenal kidney failure causes are actual damage to the nephrons and the functions of the tissues in the kidneys. This damaged could be grouped together under kidney disease or acute tubular necrosis. ATN could be reversible but it may take weeks or months before
The urinary system is a multi-organ system which consists of the kidneys, ureters, urinary bladder, and urethra. Although each specific organ has its own particular function, for the urinary system to work efficiently the organs need to work in synergy. The main function of the urinary system is to remove waste via excretion particularly toxic substances such as ammonia. Ammonia is a by-product from amino acids that are converted by the liver. Urea and uric acid are extracted from the blood
Excretory System The excretory system is a biological system found in the human body. This particular system’s vocation is to remove excess waste that was contrived by metabolism, this system thus maintains Homeostasis. Now, before we advance, we should elucidate on what Homeostasis. Homeostasis is essentially the body attempting to maintain equilibrium. The excretory system attempts this by removing waste to equipoise to the desired level of consistency. Due to the fact that some of the organs
The kidneys have several lobes. Each lobe contains blood vessels and tubes called nephrons. Nephrons are the heart of the kidneys and they also filter the kidneys. When blood flows through the kidneys it is filtered a second time. As the blood flows through the nephrons, the excess water, salt, and nitrogen compound called urea are filtered from the blood. The body needs all the nutrients that are removed by the nephrons. The human body contains two kidneys, which are located just above the waistline
increased susceptibility to kidney damage, higher rates of diabetes, high blood pressure, smoking, inadequate nutrition, alcohol abuse, streptococccal throat and skin infection, obesity, poor living conditions, and low birth weight linked to reduced nephron development. (Kidney Health Australia, 2014) The incidence of end-stage kidney disease is especially high for indigenous Australians. They are 20-30 times more likely than non-indigenous Australians to have end-stage kidney failure. (Kidney disease
However, urine is the final product that is expelled from the body. The urinary system is the organism in charge to convert urea into urine. The urinary system is made of several parts that include two kidneys, two ureters, the bladder, the urethra and nephron. The malfunction of any part of the urinary system can lead with severe problems because of its importance in getting rid of the waste in our body. Cystocele is a disease that causes the bladder to drop into the vagina. It occurs when both the woman’s