microscopic sea creatures trapped in sediments were converted by heat and pressure into crude oil. The most abundant of these mixtures are the ones containing hydrogen and carbon only. These hydrocarbons can take on a number of different forms, i.e. alkanes, alkenes and alkynes. They vary in size and shape and viscosity. By manipulating these chains of hydrocarbons you can create any number of useful substances as they are very adaptable. However there are lots of compounds that also contain some
atoms Or... ... middle of paper ... ...in carboxly functional group COOHm which makes the molecules ploar Weak acids due to the dissociation of the hydrogen atom from the carboxyl group Named by the replacing “e” ending of the parent alkane with “oic” acid Eg. Ethanoic(acetic) acid vinegar Esters Produced from a reaction between organic acids and alcohols Esterifications reversible dehydration reaction in which alcohol loses a hydrogen atom and the acid loses
Ingredients and formula for super fast ,all temp, racing ski wax:(1) 5 lbs of paraffin wax(I use a 160 degree melt temperature wax) (2) 1/2 lb of paraflint wax hardener (3) a bar of Ivory soap (4) a regular size tube of Crest high fluoride toothpaste (5)a heaping tablespoon of spruce gum(resin from a spruce tree) The paraffin and paraflint hardener can be easily and cheaply obtained from most candle supply companies.The soap and toothpaste are easy enough.The spruce gum can be obtained from any
decolourise brown bromine water without the presence of sunlight while saturated hydrocarbon will decolourise brown bromine water with the aid of sunlight. Variables : • Constant variables : Volume of bromine water • Manipulated variables : Types of alkanes and alkenes •
their hydrogen bonds and dispersion forces as well as relatively high molecular masses, those factors made it hard to break their bonds and make them evaporate. Figure 2 shows the process of evaporation for 1-butanol - an alcohol, and pentane - an alkane. In this figure a big difference in temperature change can be seen between the two substances. Due to its hydrogen bonds and dispersion forces, 1-butanol had a smaller temperature change compared to pentane, the hydrogen bonds of 1-butanol made it
Gasoline Gasoline as we know it today comes from crude oil. Crude oil, which is a fossil fuel, is a nonrenewable (once its gone, its gone for good) fuel source. Fossil fuel is comprised of naturally decaying plants and animals which once lived in oceans and seas millions of years ago. Where we find crude oil deposits we also find ancient oceans and seabeds. When extracted from the earth, crude oil may have colors ranging from clear to jet black and resistance to flow or viscosity from water to
water. I will be burning five fuels which are called Methanol, Ethanol, Propanol, Butanol and Pentanol. In my investigation I predict that the alcohol Pentanol would release more energy than the other alcohols because as the chain length of the alkanes get longer, the more energy is released. Apparatus · Retort stand · Clamp · Measuring cylinder · Thermometer · Heatproof mats · Copper can · Splint · Chemicals(Methanol, Ethanol, Propanol, Butanol and Pentanol) Independent
Intro: Organic chemistry is the scientific study of the structure of organic compounds. This includes the properties of the compounds and what occurs during chemical reactions. The structure of these compounds is found through analysing the results of Ultra violet spectroscopy. There have been many famous chemists over time who have made some ground breaking discoveries. None more so than R.B Woodward who almost single handily revolutionised the field of organic chemistry, winning a Nobel Prize in
forces that are hydrogen bonding, ionic bonding, van der Waals: dipole-dipole interactions, and van der Waals: dispersion interactions. Alcohols have a high melting point and boiling point than similar size alkane molecules. This is due to the fact that alcohols are bonded by hydrogen bonds and alkanes are bonded with dispersion forces. The hydrogen bonds are stronger than dispersion forces as in the hydrogen
also effecting the reliability of the calculations. There are four different types of hydrocarbons each having a different homologous series (formula for carbon chain). These being an alkane (formula = CnH2n+2), alkene (formula = CnH2n), alkyne (formula = CnH2n-2), and an alkanol which has the same formulae as an alkane only that is has a hydroxide molecule which replaces one of the hydrogen atoms (refer to figure 3 and
MEASURE OF THE AMOUNT OF ENERGY NECESSARY TO SEPARATE A LIQUID MOLECULE FROM ITS NEAREST NEIGHBORS. MOLECULAR WEIGHT AND CHAIN LENGTH TRENDS IN BOILING POINTS A series of alkanes demonstrates the general principle that boiling points increase as molecular weight or chain length increases (table 1.). Table 1. BOILING POINTS OF ALKANES Formula Name Boiling Point C Normal State at Room Temp. +20 C CH4 Methane -161 gas CH3CH3 Ethane - 89 CH3CH2CH3 Propane
In experiment 2, we carried out experiment to observe the reaction of halogenoalkanes with aqueous alkali and water which contains dissolved silver nitrate. Halogenoalkanes are alkanes which have one or more hydrogen atoms replaced by halogen atoms such as fluorine(F), chlorine(Cl), bromine(Br) and iodine(I) which are the elements in group VII in periodic table. Halogenoalkanes have the general formula, RX, whereby R is an alkyl or substituted alkyl group and X is any of the halogen atom. Besides
Falak Mdahi Chem 203.2 The Synthesis of Acetanilide from Acetic Anhydride and Aniline Introduction Recrystallization is a technique used to purify solids that contains small amounts of impurities. It is used to isolate pure solids from a supersaturated solution leaving the impurities in the solvent (1). The solid containing the impurities is placed in a hot solvent and upon cooling the compound precipitates to its purified form while the impurities are left behind in the solvent (1). There are six
Following my research using the molecular formula, I dove deeper into my research and looked closely at my calculated data. My molecular formula is C_4 H_9 Cl. I used ChemSpider to match my formula to millions of compounds. The compounds that match my molecular formula are 1-Chlorobutane, Tert-Butyl Chloride, 1-Chloro-2-Methylpropane, 2-Chlorobutane, (2S)-2-Chlorobutane, and (2R)-2-Chlorobutane. (ChemSpider) C36843 has a density of 0.8601 g/mL. (Table 1) All of the calculated values of C36843 are
The Atmosphere and Oceans The atmosphere is a cocktail of gases . The exact amounts of each gas vary as the amount of water vapour is variable. Name of Gas Amount in air % Nitrogen Oxygen Argon 78 21 1 The amount of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere is tiny (0.01%). The amounts of carbon dioxide and oxygen gas are balanced and stay the same. Photosynthesis in plants converts carbon dioxide into oxygen. Breathing and burning convert oxygen into carbon dioxide
benzaldehyde. The solvent that was used is 70:30 hexane ethyl acetate. Aim The aim of this experiment is to synthesise methyl-3-phenyl-2-propenoate Introduction Wittig reaction is a reaction between a ketone or aldehyde with phosphonium ylide to form an alkane and
Lipids Nutrients are the chemicals that humans need to live and grow. Humans obtain their nutrients from the food and water that they drink. They are used to build and repair tissues and regulate body processes and are converted to and used as energy. Lipids are a category of nutrients. Lipids consist of fats, oils, and waxes and are very important for are body’s health. Lipids are important for the human body because they are for storing energy, they’re good at storing energy because they can
Stoichiometry is a chemical branch that studies amounts of substances that are involved in reactions. Stoichiometry will help you to find out how much of the mixture you will need, or how much you started with. The calculations of a stoichiometry problem depends on a balanced chemical equations. The factors of the balanced equations signifies the molar ratio (the number of moles of each reactant needed to form a certain numbers of moles of each product) of the reactants and products taking part in
2. The gas chromatography calculations offer the area values for under the peak curves. Those area values are directly correlated with the relative concentrations of each alkene product in the mixture. When the ratio of the two values is calculated, 3-methylcyclohexene being the 2nd peak area value and 1-methylcyclohexene being the 3rd peak area (represented on table 1), (11152:1283) = 8.7 1-methylcyclohexene molecules: 1 3-methylcyclohexene molecule. 3. 0.02 mol observed alkene yield/ 0.048 mol
Analysis: 2. Of the alcohols tested 1-Butanol was found to contain the strongest intermolecular forces (IMF) of attraction, with Methanol containing the weakest. It was discovered through experimentation that Methanol induced the highest ?T of all alcohols tested, and that conversely 1-Butanol induced the lowest ?T. The atomic structure of all four alcohols is very similar, as starting with 1-Butanol a CH2 group is lost as you move from 1-Butanol to 1-Propanol to Ethanol and then again to Methanol