Stomata Count Experiment
Aim
To peel the epidermis layer from underneath of the plant leaf and count the average distance between the stomata.
Background Info
Guard cells open and close to let stomata take in Carbon Dioxide that is required for plants to make glucose in photosynthesis, the Carbon Dioxide comes in through stomata, which consist of guard cells which contract and relax (become turgid and flaccid) depending on the amount of water that inside them making them turgid.
Each part of the leaf needs an equal amount of carbon dioxide; otherwise the part with less carbon dioxide would die.
Prediction
The distance between the stomata should be equal because each part of
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It should be available in the cap of the nail varnish
Method
1. Take the leaf, open the nail varnish bottle and apply the nail varnish with the brush to the underside of the leaf.
2. Wait 5-10 minutes.
3. Rip the leaf in two halves. There should be a transparent layer visible. If not, rip one of the halves again and again until a sufficiently big piece can be peeled off.
4. Use the tweezers to peel off the piece of epidermis. Peel slowly to make sure that the piece doesn’t rip accidentally.
5. Place the piece on the slide and use the pipette to apply the
Many variations and species of plants can be found all around the world and in different habitats. These variations and characteristics are due to their adaptations to the natural habitat surrounding them. In three of many climatic zones, the arid, tropical and temperate zone, plants that vary greatly from each other are found in these locations. In this experiment, we’ll be observing the connection between the adaptations of the plants to their environment at the Fullerton Arboretum. The arboretum is a space containing numerous plants from different environments. The plants are carefully looked after and organized into their specific habitat. Therefore, we’ll be able to take a look at the plants within multiple
The Daphnia magna species in this experiment were kept and preserved in jars of suitable water that acted as small ponds. Each Daphnia Magna was transported individually using a wide-mouthed pipette to a depression slide. The stability of the Daphnia Magna on the slide was attained by using a drop of pond water that acted as a boundary of movement for the Daphnia on the depression slide, small pieces of cotton wool were also used to act as an extra boundary to stop the Daphnia Magna from swimming in circles in the pond drop it was placed in; the stability factor was important in counting the heart beat rate more accurately. The depression slide was then placed under the stereomicroscope, over a cooling chamber that was used to slow down the
The use of model organisms in pre clinical trial is relied upon for the collection of safety and efficacy data prior to first in human clinical studies. The crustacean Daphnia magna is one model organism, whose heart rate is reported to react similarly to the human heart rate, when exposed to identical compounds (3).
12. To add a shine to the finished style add a light coat of oil sheen. (See Figure 1.11)
Conquests--- the art of obtaining power and authority through means of military forces--- have been adopted and practiced throughout the history of America for centuries. Similar to how two art paintings have resemblances and differences when replicated by different artists, the conquests of Sundiata and Cortés both share commonalities as well as a fair share of respective distinctions. In Djibril Tamsir Niane’s Sundiata: Epic of Old Mali and Bernal Díaz’s The Conquest of New Spain, the narrator’s arguments within each account display a ray of more similarities in regards to the conquests’ successes of Sundiata and Cortés compared to that of their differences.
...ist must keep his tools scrupulously clean. The brushes are dipped and wiped throughout the painting session with brush cleaner to keep from contaminating colors with residue from previous paint. Use a beater rack to remove excess thinner from brushes after cleaning them.
The results showed that the naming number tasks had the smallest reaction time compared to all the other. The incongruent counting task had the longest reaction time out of the other three tasks. The incongruence in the stimulus in the incongruent counting task created similar effects as the Stroop phenomenon. The hypothesis that the reaction time would be larger in the incongruent counting task was supported in this experiment, as well as the prediction that the congruent counting task will in fact have a lower reaction time than the incongruent; due to the fact of having no interference.
Experiment #1: The purpose of this experiment is to investigate the effects of baking soda and light intensity on the rate of photosynthesis of green spinach leave through the observation of floating disk.
center of a wooden stick which they would sharpen in with a smoothed groove stone. With the
On August 9th, 2014, 18 year old Michael Brown was shot by Officer Darren Wilson in Ferguson, Missouri, sparking protests, riots, and widespread debate on police use of force. Numerous questions arose as to whether Michael Brown was armed or unarmed, if he had his hands in the air or was attacking Officer Wilson, and whether Officer Wilson was justified in firing his weapon that resulted in the death of Michael Brown (Itkowitz). Twenty-two years have passed since the riots in Los Angeles after the officers involved in the beating of Rodney King were acquitted on charges of excessive force, and it left many to wonder, including myself, as to why this happened again. Why were there so many questions surrounding the incident and how this could
stands in contrast to all of the color swatches as well as the model, helping to enhance
Sundiata is an epic of a powerful king who expanded the Mali empire to a great territorial area and he did so because he was destined. My mother read me a more simplified story of Sundiata as a child and through reading this book, I remembered so many lessons and African cultural traditions that I learned as a child. There were several interesting aspects of this epic that reflected some of the material we have learned thus far in class as well as other interesting themes that are repeated throughout it. Sundiata is an epic that recounts a historical event while teaching various African ideologies.
Sordaria fimicola is a species of microscopic fungus that is an Ascomycete and are used to test for genetic variation in the lab setting (Sordaria fimicola: A Fungus used in Genetics, Volk). These organisms are what are called model organisms, or species that has been widely studied usually because it is easy to maintain and breed in a laboratory setting and has particular experimental advantages (Sordaria fimicola, Volk). S. fimicola, because it is in the Ascomycota phylum, have a distinguishing reproductive structure called the ascus, which is surrounded by the perithecium. This cylindrical sac-like structure houses 8 haploid spores; created through meiosis to produce 4 haploid spores and then mitosis to make 8 (Lab Manual, pg. 59-68). Based on the genotype they will vary in order and color. There are 3 different ratios that can arise from the 8 ascospores: 4:4, 2:2:2:2, and 2:4:2 (black/wild type and tan coloration). The 4:4 ratio suggests that no crossing over had occurred because there is no difference in order of the color parents that were mated. The two other ratios suggest genetic recombination, or crossing over, because of the
For the preparation of Part 1, pieces were cut from the potato and were blended. The prepared suspensions were broken cells of the potato used as the extraction. The process of the suspension was the homogenization of the organism and later was centrifuged so that some of the substances reached the bottom (insoluble particles) and used the liquid as the enzyme(Schultz, 2006). The enzyme was brown colored known as the catechol oxidase, and that product can be used to measure the reaction rate using a spectrometer (Schultz, 2006). We started with twice the volume of the stock, so for the case of Part 1 was to begin with 6 ml of full strength enzyme. Two test tubes were used for the dilution. The first contained 5ml of buffered catechol and the
In this experiment we are trying to identify an unknown acid or base and its concentration by using the method of titration. The pKa values and the titration curve help aid in identifying of the unknown. In our case we had a base as our unknown (analyte). The use of a certain amount of sodium hydroxide and hydrochloric acid will be used to titrate the unknown solution that is given. This is the tirant. We used hydrochloric acid as our titrant. We achieved a pH of 5.56 at an end point of 10 milliliters. The unknown’s concentration was around 0.098 M at pka(s) of 6 and 7. The sodium hydroxide and hydrochloric acid are called titrant and it is contained in a container called burette. The unknown solution is held in an erlenmeyer flask. The purpose of the experiment is to measure the weak acid and base by neutrilizing it and determining the unknown acid by titration.